research methods

19
The Science of Psychology Basic Research: conducted to advance scientific knowledge Applied Research: designed to solve practical problems

Upload: comicspedia

Post on 20-Dec-2014

1.026 views

Category:

Technology


0 download

DESCRIPTION

 

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Research methods

The Science of Psychology

Basic Research: conducted to advance scientific knowledge

Applied Research: designed to solve practical problems

Page 2: Research methods

Is this an example of basic or applied research?

Page 3: Research methods

The Science of Psychology: Ethical Guidelines

Ethical Guidelines for Human Research Participants: • Informed consent• Voluntary participation• Restricted use of deception• Debriefing• Confidentiality• Alternative activities

Page 4: Research methods

Research Methods

Four key research methods:

1. Experimental2. Descriptive3. Correlational4. Biological

Page 5: Research methods

Art of Prediction

Page 6: Research methods

Four Key Research Methods (Continued)

1. Experimental Research: carefully controlled scientific procedure that manipulates variables to determine cause & effect

Page 7: Research methods

Research Methods—Experimental (Continued)

Key features of an experiment:

Independent variable (factor that is manipulated) versus dependent variable (factor that is measured)

Experimental group (receives treatment) versus control group (receives no treatment)

Page 8: Research methods

Does TV increase aggression? Only an experiment can determine cause & effect.

Page 9: Research methods

Research Methods—Experimental (Continued)

Potential researcheresearcher problems:Experimenter bias (researcher influences

the research results in the expected direction)

Ethnocentrism (believing one's culture is typical of all cultures)

Page 10: Research methods

Research Methods—Experimental (Continued)

Potential participantparticipant problems:Sample bias (research participants

are unrepresentative of the larger population)

Participant bias (research participants are influenced by the researcher or experimental conditions)

Page 11: Research methods

Research Methods—Descriptive

2. Descriptive Research: observes & records behavior without producing causal explanations

Page 12: Research methods

Research Methods—Descriptive

Three types of descriptive research:

• Naturalistic Observation (observation & recording of behavior in natural state or habitat)

• Survey (assessment of a sample or population)

• Case Study (in-depth study of a single participant)

Page 13: Research methods

What is the advantage of studying psychological research methods like naturalistic observation?

Pause & Reflect: Pause & Reflect: Psychology at Psychology at WorkWork

Page 14: Research methods

Research Methods—Correlational

3. Correlational Research: observes or measures (without directly manipulating) two or more variables to find relationships between them

Page 15: Research methods

Research Methods—Correlational

Positive Correlation: two variables move (or vary) in the same direction—either up or down

Page 16: Research methods

Research Methods—Correlational

Negative Correlation: two variables move (or vary) in the opposite direction—either up or down

Page 17: Research methods

Research Methods—Correlational

Zero Correlation: no relationship between two variables (when one variable increases, the other can increase, decrease, or stay the same)

Page 18: Research methods

Research Methods—Correlational

Page 19: Research methods

Research Methods—Biological

4. Biological Research: scientific studies of the brain & other parts of the nervous system