research methodology1- introduction
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Research methodology
An introduction
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Research.????
Meaning:
In common parlance research refers
to a search for knowledge
Research is a systematic attempt to obtain
answers to meaningful questions about
phenomena or events through the application
of scientific procedures
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Contd.
Research is an objective, impartial,empirical and logical analysis andrecording of controlled observations
that may lead to the development ofgeneralization, principles or theories,resulting into some extent in prediction
and control of events that may beconsequence of causes of specificphenomena
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Research Definition!
Acc. to Advanced Learners Dictionary of
Current English Research is a careful investigation or
inquiry specially through search for new
facts in any branch of knowledge
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Definition Cont..
Research is a movement, a movement
from the known to the unknown
* Redman & Mory
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Fred N. Kerlinger defines research as:
A systematic, controlled, empirical and
critical investigation of hypothetical
propositions about the presumed
relations among natural phenomena
Definition Cont..
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Acc. to Berelson and Steiner:
Research is a form of enquiry in which
procedures are public, definitions are
precise, data collection is objective,
findings are replicable
Definition Cont..
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In summary:
Research is a systematic attempt toobtain answers to meaningful questions
about phenomena or events through the
application of scientific procedures
Definition Cont..
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Characteristics of
Research
Research is directed towards the
solution of a problem
Research emphasizes the development
of generalisation, principle or theories
that will be helpful in predicting future
occurrences
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Research is based upon observable
experience or empirical evidence.
Research demands accurateobservation and description.
Research involves gathering new data
from primary or first hand sources orusing existing data for a new purpose
Characteristics of Research
..contd
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Research requires expertise. Theresearcher knows what is already knownabout the problem and how others haveinvestigated it.
Research strives to be objective andlogical, applying every possible test to
validate the procedures employed, thedata collected and the conclusionsreached.
Characteristics of Research
..contd
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Research is characterised by patient andunhurried activity.
Research is carefully recorded and
reported.
Characteristics of Research
..contd
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Goals of Research
Exploration:
An attempt to determine whether ornot a phenomenon exists.
An attempt to answer question of the
form does Xhappens?
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Description:
Involves examining a phenomenon to
more fully define it or to differentiate itfrom other phenomena.
Involves description of an object, aperson or an event at the time data are
collected. But that description maychange over time.
Goals of Research..contd..
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Prediction:
Prediction / identification of
relationships
Prediction of one phenomena by
knowing other phenomena
Goals of Research..contd..
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Action:
Refers to research conducted to
solve a problemAction research can involve any of
the previously mentioned goals, but
adds to such goals the requirement offinding a solution of doing something
Goals of Research..contd..
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Why do Research
Four important reasons
- Promotes basic knowledge- Development of new tools
- Informs public
- Effective planning
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Aims & Objectives of a PG
Dissertation
To teach fundaments of research
methodology
To simulate an interest in research Helps to develop the necessary skills
required to do research
Helps to critically analyse literature
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Role of guide
Role of PG
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