research method in animals science presented by: a. riasi and m. a edris department of animal...
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Research Method in Animals Science
Presented by: A. Riasi and M. A EdrisDepartment of Animal Science
روش تحقیق در علوم دامی
اهداف این درس
- ارایه کلیاتی در مورد اصول تحقیق و مراحل انجام 1
یک تحقیق علمی همراه با مثال های مرتبط با علوم
دامی
نام::ه 2 پای::ان پیش::نهاد نگ::ارش ش::یوه ب::ا آش::نایی -
)پروپوزال( و پایان نامه های کارشناسی ارشد
- آشنایی با اصول نگارش مقاالت فارسی و انگلیسی3
- انج:ام تک:الیف درس:ی ش:امل نوش:تن پروپ:وزال فرض:ی، 4
تهیه یک پوستر به زبان فارسی یا انگلیسی
اما:
آيا مي توان هر گونه تالش براي پاسخ گويي به
پرسش ها و نادانسته ها را »تحقيق علمي«
ناميد؟
آيا مي توان به هر كسي كه اطالعاتي را جمع آوري
مي كند و يا پرسشي را پاسخ مي دهد، محقق گفت؟
در مباحث علمي تعريف اصطالحي تحقيق یا پژوهش
چيست؟
تحقي.ق می تعري.ف در ب.راين، بن.ا
توان گفت:
گويی ب.ه پاس.خ ب.رای روش.مند کوشش.ی ،تحقي.ق
ن..وآوری و وجبک..ه م.. اس..ت علمیش..کالتم
شود.می پيشرفت علم
DefinitionsofResearch
AdvancedLearner’sDictionary:
Acarefulinvestigationorinquiryspecially
through search for new facts in any
branchofknowledge.
RedmanandMory:
Asystematizedefforttogainnewknowledge.
CliffordWoody:
Acarefulinquiryorexaminationinseekingfactsor
principles,adiligentinvestigationtoascertain
something.”
C.C.Crawford:
A systematic and refined technique of
thinking, employing specialized tools,
instruments and procedures in order to
obtain a more adequate solution of a
problem than would be possible under
ordinarymeans. It startswith a problem,
collects data or facts, analyses them
criticallyandreachesdecisionsbasedon
theactualevidence.
SignificanceofResearch
All progress is born of inquiry. Doubt is
often better than overconfidence, for it
leads to inquiry, and inquiry leads to
invention.” Hudson’s Maxim
1. For educationists in studying various
educational problems and in seeking
answers to various educational
problems.
2. For social scientists in studying social
relationships and in seeking answers to
varioussocialproblems.
3. Provides the basis for nearly all
government policies in our economic
system.
4. For solving various operational and
planning problems of business and
industry.
5. It inculcates scientific and inductive
thinking.
6. It promotes the development of logical
habitsofthinkingandorganization.
ObjectivesofResearch
GeneralAims
Tofindoutthetruthwhichishiddenand
whichhasnotbeendiscoveredasyet.
To discover answers to questions
through the application of scientific
procedures.
To gain familiarity with a phenomenon
or to achieve new insights into it.
(ExploratoryorFormulative)
Toportrayaccuratelythecharacteristics
of a particular individual, situation or a
group.(Descriptive)
Todeterminethefrequencywithwhich
something occurs or with which it is
associated with something else.
(Diagnostic)
To test hypothesis of a casual
relationship between variables.
(Hypothesis-testing)
MotivationforResearch
Desiretogetaresearchdegree.
Desiretofacethechallengeinsolvingthe
unsolvedproblems.
Desiretogetintellectualjoyofdoing
somecreativework.
Desiretobeofservicetosociety.
Desiretogetrespectability.
Desiretounderstandcasualrelationships.
Directionsfromgovernment.
Employmentconditions.
Curiosityaboutnewthings.
Socialthinkingandawakening.
TypesofResearch
I.Classificationbasedon‘goalorobjective’’
1. FundamentalResearch.
2. AppliedResearch.
3. ActionResearch.
TypesofResearch(continue)
II.Classificationbasedon‘methodology’
1. HistoricalResearch.
2. DescriptiveResearch.
3. ExperimentalResearch.
تحقيق بنيادی
بس.ط و گس.ترشتحقيقی اس.ت ک.ه ب.رای
و ري.زی می ش.ود ي.ا عل.وم پاي.ه ط.رحدانش
ممکن اس.ت هم.ه ي.ا بخش.ی از اين دانش در
ولی معم.وال خ.ود ش.دد داش.ته بارآين.ده ک.ارب
نقشی ندارد.آن محقق در کاربرد
FundamentalResearch(Basic/Pure)
Aims at obtaining empirical data that
can be used to formulate, expand or
evaluateatheory.
FundamentalResearch(Basic/Pure)(continue)
Creation of knowledge solely for the
sakeofknowledge.
Not concerned with the solution of
immediatepracticalproblems.
تحقيق کاربردی
ف:وری ل مس:ائل ح: ي:افتن راه ای ب:رپ:ژوهشين ن:وع ا
و جنب:ه عملی داش:ته اس:ت متمرک:ز ب:ا م:اهيت عملی
آنخ:ود محققين درک:اربرد نت:ايج و معم:وال الت دخ:
د.دارن
AppliedResearch(Field)
Directed towards the solution of a
specificandpracticalproblem.
Testingoftheoriesorlawsintheactual
fieldsetting.
AppliedResearch(Field)(continue)
Devotedtothesolutionoftheproblems
of filed workers or other affected
individuals.
ActionResearch
Focused on the immediate application
andnotonthedevelopmentofatheory.
Emphasisondecentralizationofdecision
makingandaction.
HistoricalResearch
DescribesWhatwas?
Purpose:toarriveatanexactaccountofthe
past,tobuildaperspectiveaboutthepresent,
topredictandcontrolourfutureactivities.
DescriptiveResearch
DescribesWhatis?
Purpose:Todiscovertherelationshipbetween
theexistingvariables.
ExperimentalResearch
Describes ‘What will be’ when certain
variables are carefully controlled or
manipulated.
ExperimentalResearch(continue)
Purpose:Examinetheimpactofoneset
ofvariablesonanothersetofvariables.