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REPUBLIC OF RWANDA

RWANDA ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY REMA

LAKE VICTORIA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROJECT PHASE II

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIALMANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK ESMF FOR

RWANDA UNDER LVEMP II

FINAL DRAFT REPORT

First edition November updated in May

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ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR RWANDA UNDER LVEMP II

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TABLE OF CONTENTTABLE OF CONTENT........................................................................................................... ii List of Tables ......................................................................................................................... vii List of Figures....................................................................................................................... viii GLOSSARY OF TERMS........................................................................................................ ix ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................. xi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 5 Lake Victoria Basin LVB .......................................................................................... 5 General Environmental Problems of the Lake Victoria Basin .............................. 6 Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project LVEMP I............................ 7 Key Lessons Learnt From LVEMP I ......................................................................... 8 LAKE VICTORIA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROJECT LVEMP II

DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................................. 10 Project Development Objectives PDO ................................................................. 10 Project Outline ........................................................................................................... 11 Project Description .................................................................................................... 11 Project Components and sub components ............................................................ 11

STUDY APPROACH ANDMETHODOLOGY ....................................................... 26 Literature review ....................................................................................................... 26 Field Visits .................................................................................................................. 26 Interactive Discussions ............................................................................................. 27

BASELINE DATA ........................................................................................................ 28 Project Target Areas .................................................................................................. 28 Physical Environment............................................................................................... 29

TerrainClimateDrainage

Biological Environment ............................................................................................ 30 Socio Economic Environment ................................................................................. 30 Main ecological problems their causes and trans boundary implications in the

LVB ..................................................................................................................................... 31 ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ..................... 35

Legal Framework....................................................................................................... 35


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The constitution of the Republic of RwandaOrganic Law on Environment Protection and ManagementEnvironmental Impact Assessment RegulationsThe Organic Law related to the Land policy in Rwanda N of

The Act n dated related to expropriation due to a cause ofpublic necessityPolicy Framework ..................................................................................................... 45 Health Sector PolicyAgricultural PolicyLand PolicyNational Wetlands Conservation ProgramRwanda Environmental PolicyWater and Sanitation PolicyNational Water Resources Management PolicyFisheries BillForest PolicyNational Biodiversity Strategy and Action PlanPoverty Reduction Strategy

International Regulations ......................................................................................... 51 World Bank Safeguard Policies

Environmental Assessment OP BPNatural Habitats OP BPForests OPPest Management OPInvoluntary Resettlement OP BPSafety of Dams OP BPProjects on International Waterways OP BP

International ConventionsUnited Nations Convention on Biological ConventionRamsar Convention on WetlandsConvention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary

Watercourses and International LakesConvention on the Conservation of Migratory SpeciesWorld Commission in DamsNile TreatiesEAC Protocol on Environment


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United Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeUNFCCC

United Nations Convention to Combat DesertificationEnvironmental Institutions ...................................................................................... 66

The Lake Victoria Basin Commission LVBCMinistry of Environment and Lands MINELAOther Key MinistriesRwanda Environment Management Authority REMAOffice de Géologie et des Mines du Rwanda OGMRNational Lands CentreRwanda Electricity Corporation and Rwanda Water and sanitation Corporation

RECO RWASCORDB Rwanda Development BoardProvincial District and Lower level Environmental CommitteesIntegrated Management of Critical Ecosystems IMCE ProjectNAFA National Forestry Authority

ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR LVEMPII .......................................................................................................................................... 74

Objectives of the EMSF ............................................................................................. 74 Specific Objectives of ESMF..................................................................................... 74 Potential Positive LVEMP II Environmental and Social Impacts....................... 74 Adverse LVEMP II Environmental and Social Concerns .................................... 75

Localized ImpactsCumulative ImpactsEcological Impacts and Land DegradationPotential Sources of PollutionPest ManagementEnvironmental and Social Screening ProcessStep Screening of Project Activities and SitesStep Re categorize activities according to expected Environmental and Social

impactStep Environmental and Social Field workStep Review and Approval of the Screening ActivityStep Public Consultation and DisclosureStep Environmental Monitoring and Follow up

Monitoring Plan......................................................................................................... 86 Objective of Monitoring Plan


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Monitoring of Environmental and Social indicatorsInitial proposalsMonitoring of participation processEvaluation of ResultsMonitoring of ESMF ImplementationMonitoring Roles and Responsibilities

GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ................................................................ 89 Situating a Grievance redressing mechanisms

a What is a Grievance Redress Mechanismb Why Does a Project Need a Grievance Redress Mechanismc Grievance Prevention

Types of Grievances that Projects Typically EncounterCommunity Expectations When Grievances AriseEstablished procedures and time frame for Grievance Redress

MechanismsThe GRC is mandated to deal with any other types of grievances arising at thecommunity level GRC meetings are held at the respective Cell Sectorsecretariats which are familiar and accessible to the APs GrievanceResolution ApproachesInstitutional Coordination ....................................................................................... 99 Implementation Plan and Strategy ....................................................................... 101 Coordination and Management Arrangements.................................................. 101 Compliance with ESMP Implementation ............................................................ 102 Overall Project Compliance and Reporting......................................................... 102 Annual Reports........................................................................................................ 104 Description of Roles ................................................................................................ 104

Community Based RepresentativesDistrict Environment Officers DEOsEnvironmental Management Officer EMO

CAPACITY BUILDING TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FORLVEMP II ........................................................................................................ 106

Introduction.............................................................................................................. 106 Human Resource Capacity Requirements........................................................... 106

Technical Capacity EnhancementRecommendations for Capacity Building

ESMF IMPLEMENTATION BUDGET ........................................................................ 116


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ESMF Implementation Budget for LVEMP II Project ....................................... 116 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS..................................................... 119

REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 121 ANNEX Project Screening Criteria Form PSCF ..................................................... 122 ANNEX Environmental and Social Checklist ESCL Form.................................... 124 ANNEX Environmental Guidelines for Contractors Undertaking Construction

Work under LVEMP II.................................................................................. 126 ANNEX Content of an EIA Report............................................................................. 140 ANNEX Sample Terms of Reference for EIA Studies ............................................. 144 ANNEX SUGGESTED FORMAT FOR A SIMPLE ENVIRONMENTAL AND

SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ESMP ................................................ 147 ANNEX Consultant s itinerary for field visits.......................................................... 148 ANNEX ANNUAL REPORT FORM FOR THE DISTRICT LEVEL ....................... 149 ANNEX ANNUAL REPORT FORM TO BE COMPLETED BY PSC

ENVIRONMENT OFFICER......................................................................... 154 ANNEX Terms of Reference for the preparation of an Environmental and Social

Management Framework for the Lake Victoria EnvironmentalManagement Project Phase ...................................................................... 159


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List of Tables

Table Summary of World Bank Safeguards PoliciesTable International agreements ratified by RwandaTable Training influencing success of ESMFTable Training directly linked to implementation ESMFTable Agenda for Introduction and Training on ESMFTable Estimated Capacity Building BudgetTable ESMF Implementation Budget for LVEMP II Project


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List of Figures

Figure Nile Basin area in RwandaFigure Picture showing traditional fishing boatsFigure Picture showing water hyacinth Eichornia crassipes at lake Shakani inAkagera National Park ANPFigure EIA procedureFigure A Grievance Mechanism with Multiple Local Approaches to ResolvingComplaintsFigure Systems and Institutions for Grievance Redress Available to AffectedPersonsFigure Restructured Grievance Redress Committees Process and Time Frames

Figure National Coordination and Management Arrangements

Figure Compliance Monitoring and Reporting Process


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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

• Company community grievance mechanism A locally based formalizedway to accept assess and resolve community complaints concerning theperformance or behavior of a company its contractors or employees

• Cumulative impacts effects The total effects on the same aspect of theenvironment resulting from a number of activities or projects

• Developer Proponent Sponsor the entity person company agencyproposing to develop implement install a new project sub project or expandan existing project under the LVEMP II

• Direct impacts An effect on the environment brought about directly by theLVEMP II projects

• Disclosure Information availability to all stakeholders at all stages of thedevelopment of projects

• Environmental impact assessment EIA A comprehensive analysis of theproject and its effects positive and negative on the environment and adescription of the mitigation actions that will be carried out in order to avoidor minimize these effects

• Environment physical biological and social components and processes thatdefine our surroundings

• Environmental Monitoring The process of examining a project on a regularbasis to ensure that it is in compliance with an Environmental ManagementPlan EMP

• Grievance An issue concern problem or claim perceived or actual that anindividual or community group wants a company or contractor to address orresolve


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• Involuntary resettlement The forceful loss of land resources that requiresindividuals families and or groups to move and resettle elsewhere

• Impact A positive or negative effect that a project has on an aspect of theenvironment

• Indirect impact A positive or negative effect that a project indirectly has onan aspect of the environment

• Lead Agency The agency with primary responsibility for the protection ofthe environment For instance the lead agency for environment matters inRwanda is Rwanda Environment Management Authority REMA

• Mitigation measures The actions identified in an EIA to negate or minimizethe negative environmental impact that a project may have on theenvironment

• Pollution contamination altering the state of purity e g chemical effluentdischarge into a surface water body

• Project and sub project a set of planned activities designed to achievespecific objectives within a given area and time frame With respect to theLVEMP II Project the terminology can be confusing The project in WorldBank terms is the LVEMP II project and all proposals subject to intermediaryloans are subprojects

• Project Brief The initial submitted document to REMA to initiate the processthat will lead to the issuance of the EIA certificate of approval

• Scoping The initial stage in an environmental assessment that determines thelikely major environmental parameters that will be affected and the aspects ofthe project that will bring upon these effects

• Screening An initial step when a project is being considered forenvironmental assessment The screening is the determination of the level ofassessment that will be conducted In the case of GoR screening will placeproject into one of three Impacts Levels IL or


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• Significance Importance

• Significant effect An important impact on an aspect of the environment

• Stakeholder Any person or group that has an interest in the project and theenvironmental effects that the project may bring about

ACRONYMSANDABBREVIATIONS

ANP Akagera National ParkBP Convention on Biological DiversityCBD Convention on Biological DiversityCBO Community Based OrganizationCDF Community Development FundCITES Convention on International Trade of Endangered SpeciesCMS Convention on Migratory SpeciesDAO District Agriculture OfficerDDP Districts Development PlansDEMP Decentralization and Environment Management ProjectDEO District Environment OfficerDFO District Forest OfficerDNRM District Natural Resource ManagementEA Environmental AssessmentEAC East African CommunityEDPRS Economic Development and Poverty Reduction StrategyEFP Environmental Focal PersonEHS MP Environment Health and Safety Management PlanEIA Environmental Impact AssessmentEIACA Environmental Impact Assessment Certificate of

AuthorizationEMO Environmental Management OfficerEMP Environmental Management PlanENR Environment and Natural ResourcesESCL Environmental Screening Check List


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ESMF Environmental and Social Management FrameworkESMP Environmental and Social Management PlanRECORWASCO

Rwanda Electricity Corporation and Rwanda Water andsanitation Corporation

FAO Food and Agriculture OrganizationFONERWA Rwanda National Environment FundGDP Gross Domestic ProductGEF Global Environment FacilityGIS Geographical Information SystemsGoR Government of RwandaHIMO Haute Intensité de Main d œuvreHIV AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquired Immuno

Deficiency SyndromeIATSPD International Agreement for the Trade of the Species in the

Process of DisappearanceICLD International Commission of Large DamsICM Integrated Crop ManagementIDA International Development AssociationIEC Information Education and CommunicationIL Impact LevelIMCE Integrated Management of Critical EcosystemIMF International Monetary FundIPM Integrated Pest ManagementISAR Institute for Research in Agronomic Sciences of RwandaIUCN International Union for Conservation of NatureKIST Kigali Institute of Science and TechnologyLG Local GovernmentLGAs Local Government AuthoritiesLVB Lake Victoria BasinLVBC Lake Victoria Basin CommissionLVEMP Lake Victoria Environmental Management ProjectM E Monitoring and EvaluationMDG Millennium Development GoalsMIGEPROFE Ministère du Genre et de la Promotion FéminineMINAGRI Ministry of Agriculture Animal ResourcesMINALOC Ministry of Local Government Good Governance

Community Development and Social AffairsMINECOFIN Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning


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MINECOM Ministry of Trade and IndustryMINEDUC Ministry of EducationMININFRA Ministry of InfrastructureMINELA Ministry of Environment and LandsMINIFOM Ministry of Forestry and MinesMINISANTE Ministry of HealthMIS Management Information SystemMTEF Medium Term Expenditure FrameworkNAFA National Forestry AuthorityNBI Nile Bassin InitiativeNEPAD New Partnership for Africa DevelopmentNGOs Non Governmental OrganisationsNRM National Resources ManagementNTDA National Transboundary Diagnostic AnalysisNTSC National Technical Steering CommitteeOD Operational DirectiveOGMR Office de Geologie et des Mines du RwandaOP Operational PolicyPAIGELAC Internal Lakes Integrated Development and Management

ProjectPDO Project Development ObjectivesPGEO Project Global Environmental ObjectivesPSC Project Steering CommitteePSCF Project Screening Criteria FormRADA Rwanda Agricultural Development AuthorityRAP Resettlement and Compensation PlanRARDA Rwanda Animal Ressources DevelopmentRBS Rwanda Bureau of StandardsREMA Rwanda Environment Management AuthorityRPF Resettlement Policy FrameworkRPSF Rwanda Private Sector FederationRSSP Rural Sector Support ProjectRTDA Regional Transboundary Diagnostic AnalysisRURA Rwanda Utilities Regulatory AgencySAP Strategic Action ProgrammeSEA Strategic Environmental AssessmentSEA Strategic Environmental AssessmentTDA Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis


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TIG Travaux d Intérêt GénéralToRs Terms of ReferenceUNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat DesertificationUNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeWB World BankWCD World Commission on DamsWRMP Water Resource Management Plan


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Lake Victoria Basin LVB covers a total area of km that is shared byfive countries of Burundi Kenya Rwanda Tanzania andUganda The lake has a rich biodiversity and supports a large fishing industryfor export and local markets Other values include maintaining the hydrologicalcycle hydropower production marine transport drinking water and tourism

In response to the challenges facing the lake basin and its resources the LakeVictoria Environmental Management Project LVEMP was launched starting withLVEMP I as a long term program for strategically addressing identified criticalissues LVEMP II will build on the outputs and lessons from previous interventionsLVEMP I IFMP NELSAP NBI initiatives to integrate lake management andgrowth oriented activities This is to promote sustainable socio economicdevelopment commensurate to environment sustainability Land suitabilitymapping and land use planning therefore are important for the successfulimplementation of such interventions

The Project development global environmental objectives PDO GEO are to iimprove collaborative management of the transboundary natural resources of LakeVictoria Basin LVB for the shared benefits of the EAC Partner States and ii reduceenvironmental stress in targeted pollution hotspots and selected degraded subcatchments to improve the livelihoods of communities who depend on the naturalresources for LVB

The identified priority project interventions in the LVB region of Rwanda has beenclustered into four components which are i Strengthening institutional capacity formanaging shared water and fisheries resources ii Point sources pollution controland prevention iii Watershed management and iv Project coordination andmanagement It is within this context that LVEMP II is viewed as a catalyst to fosterlong term investments as a contribution to the Lake Victoria Basin s Vision of havinga prosperous population living in a healthy environment The total project cost is anestimated US over the six year period

The ESMF prepared for the second phase of the Lake Victoria EnvironmentalManagement Project LVEMP II will provide strategic and operational guidance forthe integration of environmental and social considerations into the planning andimplementation of the LVEMP II activities


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The Project covers six years of implementation and it is anticipated that at the end ofthe six years the GoR will manage to meet the EDPRS of having in place functionalservices and sustainable regulatory framework for comprehensive natural resourcesmanagement and its development

The proposed activities under LVEMP II are expected to generate mostly positiveenvironmental and socio economic impacts such as improvements in environmentalconditions of selected watersheds in Rwanda and of LVB as a whole strengthenedgovernment and civil society capacity for environmental management increase inforest cover in project areas improved skills for most farmers and fishers and bettertechnical options for fisheries and land management increased environmentalawareness among different actors increased agricultural productivity betterplanning for solid and wastewater management improved soil and waterconservation techniques that lead to reduced soil erosion in LVB and increasedopportunities for income generation

Although most project impacts are expected to be positive some of the proposedLVEMPII subprojects could create negative environmental and social impacts duringtheir implementation such as increased use of agro chemicals due to agriculturalintensification localized increase in soil erosion during the construction phase ofminor works which could cause temporary increases in sediment loads into riversand lakes loss of access temporary or permanent to natural resources loss of landdue to construction of infrastructure and temporary noise and air pollutionnuisance due to construction works

This environmental and social management framework ESMF has been preparedas a guide for the initial screening of the proposed project activities for any negativeenvironmental and social impacts which would require attention prior to projectimplementation The framework outlines a number of strategies in undertaking theexercise These include

9 An outline of a systematic screening process for identifying potentialenvironmental and social impacts and their sources

9 A step by step procedure for addressing potential environmental and socialimpacts of the planned project activities

9 A typical environmental management plan for mitigating negativeexternalities in the course of project implementation and operations withinenvirons


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9 A monitoring system for implementation of mitigation measures9 An outline of recommended capacity building measures for environmental

planning and monitoring of the project activities

Preparation of this ESMF is in line with requirements of the National Organic Lawthe Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines and has bearing of

relevant World Bank WB environmental and social safeguard policies The WBsafeguard policies that are triggered by the proposed LVEMP II activities are OP BP

Environmental Assessment OP BP Natural Habitats OP PestManagement OP BP Involuntary Resettlement OP Forests OP BPSafety of Dams and OP BP Projects on International Waterways

Proposed activities under LVEMP II would be classified through a process ofenvironmental screening under one of the following environmental impactcategories A B or C as defined in the World Bank safeguard policy forEnvironmental Assessment OP Under LVEMP II APL for Rwanda subprojects classified as category A will not be eligible for financing and as such willnot be implemented under this project The scope of the environmental impactassessment EIA for category B sub projects may vary from one sub project toanother depending on the nature size and scope and location of the activity orinvestment Category C sub projects will not require the preparation of a separateEIA but a completed environmental and social impact checklist will be attached toeach sub project proposal Since the location of the subprojects will not be knownbefore project appraisal their potential negative impacts also cannot be determinedat this time For this reason this ESMF has been prepared to ensure that potentialnegative environmental and socio economic impacts are identified during projectimplementation prior to approval of individual sub projects and that appropriatemeasures to avoid minimize or mitigate such negative impacts are defined andexecuted in the course of project implementation

The framework recommends that in order for the implementation of the ESMF to besuccessful there is need to ensure that other subprojects being implemented in thesame areas have their own comprehensive environmental and social managementplans It also recommends that REMA MINELA districts and Sector Ministries andAgencies should ensure that human activities that lead to environmental and socialproblems are properly managed and monitored


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In addition it is recognized that successful implementation of the ESMF requires theinvolvement and participation of local communities in the implementation ofsuggested mitigation measures Specifically the framework recommends

• Using this framework prior to any project activity of the LVEMP II• Environmental and social awareness and education for the key stakeholders

and affected communities• Training the local community structures to implement the ESMF and apply

the screening process• Regularly updating this ESMF to respond to changing local conditions and

lessons learned during project implementation• Building capacities for developing appropriate information management

systems to support the environmental and social management process• Providing the necessary resources and equipment for the LGAs and other

project implementers to be able to produce the necessary documentation andforms for the implementation of the ESMF

• Empowering the relevant environmental officers to adequately administer theESMF


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INTRODUCTION

Lake Victoria Basin LVB

The Lake Victoria Basin LVB has a size of km with the Lake surfacecovering an area of km The Basin area is shared between riparian states ofTanzania Kenya Uganda Burundi and Rwanda TheLake itself is shared between Kenya Tanzania and Uganda

The Lake Victoria Basin holds world leading status for freshwater lake sizevertebrate diversity elaboration species extinctions exotic species invasions andfreshwater fishery production It is high in elevation mostly enclosed by highlandsand mountain ranges at the centre of the tropics

The Lake Victoria Basin has been persistently erratic in evolutionary timescalevarying in size and ecosystem structure and has recently displayed a massiveecosystem change in a relatively short three decade period The changes have beeninduced by natural factors coupled with human activities mainly associated withincreasing population economic growth and governance

The LVB is endowed with natural resources like freshwater fish and otherbiological resources which provide unique opportunities for socio economicdevelopment However despite the various services functions the LVB provides theLake and other ecosystems are experiencing threats that are negatively impacting thesocioeconomic development and the natural resource base

Joint management of the Lake Victoria and its Basin as a shared ecosystem gainedmomentum following the conclusion of the Rio Earth Summit in The EastAfrican Community Secretariat Protocol for sustainable management of LVBprovides both for the detailed legal framework and the Lake Victoria BasinCommission LVBC as the regional agency for the management of the entire BasinThe East African Development Strategies of to and to furtherarticulate the need for sustainable development of the lake Victoria Basin ecosystemFrom to Uganda Kenya and Tanzania implemented the first phase ofLake Victoria Environmental Management Project LVEMP I which together withother bilateral efforts generated significant knowledge and developed technical


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capacity in the national agencies of the three countries to enable among other thingsthe assessment of the environmental stresses confronting the lake and its catchmentsThe partner states of the LVB recognize that the challenges facing LVB have notdiminished and will continue to require joint effort

The next step in the transition from the knowledge acquisition and capacity buildingexercise of the LVEMP to an intervention that uses the information and capacitydeveloped to promote environmentally and socially sustainable economicdevelopment is for the riparian governments and donors to agree upon a strategicframework outlining policies and actions for reaching the goals of this vision and asustainable future for the Lake Victoria Basin while at the same time research datacollection and analysis continue It is crucial that these action plans be based on thebest information available on the current status of the lake in each of the Basincountries including Rwanda and Burundi and are developed in a trans boundaryway i e not allowing separate potentially different regarding standards ofenvironmentally and socially sustainable development national economicdevelopment plans to evolve Without this common standard of environmentallyand socially sustainable development across the entire region private sectordevelopment will probably gravitate to the areas of weakest environmental controlaggravating environmental damage in these areas and creating a disincentive tocountries adopting higher environmental standards

General Environmental Problems of the Lake Victoria Basin

The Lake Victoria ecosystem is subject to a wide range of demands by multiplebeneficiary groups which generate a multitude of environmental and socioeconomicconcerns The diversity of user groups accounts in part for the variety of sectoralactivities impacting the ecosystem Continued open dialogue and exchange ofinformation among these actors are needed to enable them to work together towardsa varied lake ecosystem which can support the many human activities that dependupon the natural resources of LVB This objective raises special requirements ofpublic information disclosure transparency of stakeholder participation as well asthe dissemination of lessons for replication whether in legislation policies orpracticesThe lakeshore populations are the most rapidly growing geographic sectors incountries that have among the highest population growth rates in the world Thelake the lakeshore and the lake basin are obvious engines of economic growth incountries where poverty alleviation is of high priority


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The stability of Lake Victoria catchment has continued to be threatened by everincreasing human population to the extent that it is feared it may no longer meet thenutritional and livelihood needs of the communities within the catchment The poorand deteriorating cropping and animal husbandry practices occupation of marginallands and accelerated cutting of forests in the catchment have increased runoff ofwater soil erosion and added effluents to the lake

The lake has experienced a decline in water quality since the s Phosphorousconcentrations and algal biomasses have increased significantly and filamentousand colonial blue green algae now dominate the algal community Water hyacinthinvaded the lake and in the mid to late s reduced the efficiency of operation ofthe Owen Falls hydroelectric plant and blocked access to ports fish landings andwatering points The water quality changes favored the success of the Nile Perch andcontributed to the reduction of endemic fish species

It is against this background that the Lake Victoria Environment ManagementProject LVEMP was started to ensure that natural resources are managed in asustainable manner

Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project LVEMP IThree countries Kenya Tanzania and Uganda were targeted by LVEMP I Thisproject was prepared and implemented during the periods of and

respectively The project sought to address the issues affecting the Lake VictoriaBasin in a regionally integrated way and with the application of the principle ofsubsidiarity As at the time of design of LVEMP I there was no regional lendinginstruments for IDA nor was there an appropriate institution to implement itthrough a regional approach

Due to inadequate scientific data and information the region s environmental statuswas not properly understood to support proper management In addition nationalinstitutions and capacity relevant for proper management of Lake Victoria wereweak at the outset of LVEIMP I and this presented challenges duringimplementation

LVEMP I implementation focused on components that were defined along subsectors i e catchment afforestation management of wetlands water hyacinthcontrol water quality control and ecosystem management integrated soil and water


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conservation fisheries research and management capacity building and microprojects

Key Lessons Learnt From LVEMP I

The key lessons learned includea Lake Basin perspective is necessary for tackling environmental degradation of

the Lake Victoriab Applied research is critical for generating knowledge of the Lake Victoria

basin ecosystem developing technological responses and guidingmanagement decisions but must be targeted and practical

c Communication of research findings and pilot results to policy makersmanagers and stakeholders in language that they do not understand impedesLake Basin management decisions

d Knowledge must be complemented by strong institutions policies andregulatory framework for coordination and sustainable management of transboundary natural resources and addressing the associated environmentalconcerns

e Project outcomes cannot be captured in the absence of robust Monitoring andEvaluation M E system based on a clearly defined logical framework

f Involvement of communities in the watershed management is a prerequisiteto successful control of non point sources of pollutions

g Uncoordinated interventions of multiple donors raise cost of developmentassistance and dissipate impact

Some of these lessons derive from painful disappointments of the first phase andothers from successes

In spite of these interventions some aspects of the lake s environment have becomeworse Amongst these are the declining lake levels attributed to several causesincluding the prolonged droughts in the recent years declining fish catcheseutrophication and the resurgence of the water hyacinth In addition other nativeaquatic weeds are becoming more invasive The proposed LVEMPII would financeactivities which are expected to mitigate and help improvement the environmentalstatus of the LVB The activities would include continued research the monitoring ofchanges in the key environment parameters and therefore provide data for decisionmaking support to improve governance of trans boundary resources activitieswhich would enhance the socio economic growth and raising of public awareness


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through education and communication and activities to rehabilitate areas ofdegraded hillsides and wetlands

LAKE VICTORIA ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTPROJECT LVEMP II DESCRIPTION

Project Development Objectives PDO

The Project development objectives PDO are to i improve collaborativemanagement of the transboundary natural resources of Lake Victoria Basin LVB forthe shared benefits of the EAC Partner States and ii reduce environmental stress intargeted pollution hotspots and selected degraded sub catchments to improve thelivelihoods of communities who depend on the natural resources for LVB

The LVEMP II project design and implementation in Rwanda will contribute to theachievement of the EAC s Lake Victoria Basin Development Vision and StrategyThe EAC s Lake Victoria Basin Development Vision focuses on having aprosperous population living in a healthy and sustainably managed environmentproviding equitable opportunities and benefits to the riparian communities TheVision and Strategy Framework is a comprehensive planning document that sets outshort medium and long term interventions in five policy areas i EcosystemsNatural Resources and Environment ii Production and Income Generation iiiLiving Conditions and Quality of Life iv Population and Demography and vGovernance Institutions Policies and Gender aspects This common vision sets outmodalities strategies and approaches for sustainable growth and development andcoordinated efforts necessary to address key environmental concerns of LVB withbroad objectives of promoting the concepts of shared economic growth povertyeradication and a healthy ecosystem

Rwanda national goals captured in Vision MDG s and the EDPRS areconsistent with the objectives of the EAC s Lake Victoria Basin development visionThe first pillar for the EDPRS is sustainable growth for jobs andexports Rwanda plans to address poverty reduction and enhance economic growthby ensuring that environment and natural resources are sustainably managed inorder to contribute adequately to economic growth This will ensure that naturalresources contribute to agricultural productivity income generation and overallimprovement of livelihoods for the majority of Rwandans who directly depend onutilization of natural resources


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Thus the higher level objectives that LVEMP II will contribute to are adequatelyaligned to the Country s economic social and environmental development strategiesas contained in Vision as well as the medium term strategy and the EDPRS

Project OutlineThe initial steps in the design of LVEMP II developed a concise background of thecountry situation that highlighted ecosystems environmental and natural resourcesand other socio economic factors impacting livelihoods of the resident populationwithin LVB region of Rwanda and identified key trans boundary environmentalchallenges Additionally technical studies were commissioned to determine priorityinterventions and generate result framework based on activities that were costed todetermine investments necessary for the implementation of LVEMP II in Rwanda

The priority interventions identified have been conveniently streamlined intocomponents and sub components to facilitate a clear strategy and follow up in theimplementation of LVEMP II

Project DescriptionResults from LVEMP I and technical studies the NTDA as well as RTDA and theSAP have generated a body of knowledge and information that has facilitatedidentification of key interventions that will promote improved management of theLVB The technical studies have in varying degrees of clarity and relevancy broughtto the fore data and information specific on LVB region of Rwanda that delineatesissues and interventions which will guide the successful implementation of LVEMPII in order to promote sustainable management of the environment ecosystems andnatural resources within the LVB part of Rwanda The enhanced ecosystemstability health and sustainable use of the environment and natural resources will inturn ensure regional and global ecosystem goods and services are available forimproving livelihoods

A clear path to implementation of LVEMP II in Rwanda as in other ripariancountries has been designed along four components and their corresponding subcomponents

Project Components and sub componentsThe identified priority project interventions in the LVB region of Rwanda have beenconveniently clustered into four components


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Component Strengthening institutional capacity for managing shared waterand fishery resources

Component Point sources pollution control and preventionComponent Watershed ManagementComponent Project coordination and management

The components of LVEMP II are designed to a assist the participating countries toimplement their joint commitment to harmonize policies legislation and standardsfor shared natural resources and environmental management in the LVB bstrengthen the capacity of regional national local and community level institutionsresponsible for lake basin management c update information on ecosystem healthespecially on the water and fishery resources which underpins resourcemanagement decisions d refine and implement analytical tools for ecosystemmonitoring fe scale up successful community driven pilot interventions to controlpoint and non point sources of pollution f mobilize new communities and buildtheir capacity to prepare CDD natural resources management and incomegenerating subprojects and g prepare a plan of investments aimed at reducingsewage pollution from selected urban centers

This project will achieve its development objectives by supporting generation ofrelevant information for improved management of the trans boundary resources inthe five countries while simultaneously promoting economic development in theLake Victoria Basin It is within this context that LVEMP II is viewed as a catalyst tofoster long term investments as a contribution to the Lake Victoria Basin s Vision ofhaving a prosperous population living in a healthy environment

The project will be implemented in ten Districts in which two are of Kigali citythree of Southern Province and three of Northern Province and two in the EasternProvince in the LVB part of Rwanda Expected outputs and proposed activitiesunder each component are detailed below

Component Strengthening institutional capacity for managing shared water andfisheries resources

This component will focus on strengthening relevant institutions to improvegovernance of natural resources Its objective is to foster transparencyaccountability and voice as well as improve performance of key regional andnational institutions in respect to prudent natural resources management The


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component will strengthen national institutions that regulate monitor and enforcesustainable utilization of natural resources and environmental standardsMechanisms for resolving disputes over natural resources management andenvironmental impacts will also be developed Target institutions includegovernment ministries and parastatals such as REMA RADA RARDA NAFAOGMR RURA RECO RWASCO and the National Land Center Active NGOs andcommunity based organizations promoting governance of natural resources will besupported Such institutions include Nile Basin Discourse Forum etc

This component will directly or indirectly contribute to the country s goal on socialdevelopment and equity To contribute to this goal adequately the component willhave two sub components Harmonization of policy legislations and regulatorystandards and Ecosystem monitoring and applied research

Sub component Harmonization of policy legislations and regulatorystandards

The main objective of this sub component is to create an enabling policy legal andregulatory environment for the management of Transboundary natural resources ofthe Lake Victoria basin The project will finance efforts to harmonize nationalpolicies laws and regulations governing sustainable utilization of land fisheriesforest and water resources Given the width and complexity of these regulatoryframeworks efforts in particular will focus firstly on the identification of those thatrequire harmonization and secondly on the establishment of nationally harmonizedenvironmental regulatory standards and mechanisms for enforcement

This sub component will finance the development and implementation of regionalnatural resources and environmental management frameworks which are critical forsuccessful implementation of the Integrated Lake Basin Management ILBM andEcosystem Approach to fisheries management and watershed managementinterventions The management frameworks will be based on the harmonizedpolicies legislations and standards and include

• a Water Resource Management Plan WRMP for the LVB• an updated Lake Victoria Fisheries Management Plan FMP and• a basin wide Watershed Management Strategy WMS


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The sub component will further finance the development of sustainable financingmechanisms This will include studying options for establishing the Lake VictoriaEnvironmental Trust Fund LVETF to provide long term financing for managementof natural resources

The expected outputs under this sub component include i National policies lawsand regulations governing the utilization of water and fisheries resources arereviewed and harmonized ii Regional environmental regulatory standardsespecially for water and fish resources and the mechanisms for their enforcementare developed iii Regional standards for industrial and municipal effluentdischarges into sewerage and river systems are developed and uniformly applied inall five Lake Victoria basin countries and iv Integrated water and fisheriesresources management participatory approaches are mainstreamed in the regionaland national policies and programs

The expected outcome of this sub component is that the LVB countries useharmonized policy legal and regulatory standards water and fish quality andmanagement water and fisheries frameworks for the sustainable use of sharedTrans boundary natural resources

Sub component EcosystemMonitoring and Applied Research

This sub component will build on the results of LVEMP I and will support ongoingand targeted new areas including i applied and adaptive research programs thatexplore ecosystem health and develop management and technological responsesii monitoring control and surveillance systems and iii sharing of informationusing regionally agreed protocols The component will go a long way towardscontributing directly to the country s goal on enhancing economic growth byproviding the necessary scientific basis for various investments

The sub component will finance the development of the scientific and socioeconomic data gathering protocols monitoring and evaluation framework and datasharing mechanisms It will also support the monitoring of key environmental andsocio economic parameters using process stress reduction and impact indicatorsThe ILBM framework components including the performance of policiesinstitutions stakeholder participation technologies information systems andfinancing arrangements will also be monitored Results from research andmonitoring will guide management decisions on selection of investments required


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under Components and Specifically this sub component will finance thedevelopment of the following ecosystem monitoring tools as its principal outputs ithe Water Information System WIS for monitoring surface water groundwaterand water quality ii the Decision Support System DSS for water resources in theLake Victoria basin iii the atmospheric deposition monitoring network in LakeVictoria basin iv the GIS based database for the land use hydrology andbiodiversity and Lake Victoria Dynamic Information Framework LVDIF vecological model for the Lake Victoria basin vi Water hyacinth surveillance andcontrol strategy and vii the regional framework for fish stocks assessment

Main research institutions operating in the basin and mainstream governmentdepartments traditionally involved in data and information collection and synthesiswill implement the sub component Such institutions include national agriculturalforestry industrial development and fisheries research institutes institutions ofhigher learning and Ministries of Water Energy Agriculture and Livestock andFinance and Planning

In addition this sub component will finance continuation of research to generaterelevant environmental social and economic related findings and outcomes toguide Lake Basin management decisions Particular attention will be placed onpromoting aquaculture and stocking and restocking inland satellite lakes in the LVBpart of Rwanda The above research areas will incorporate appropriate socioeconomic activities in order to meet the outcomes of this sub component

The expected outcome of this sub component are i the country is using reliableenvironmental health data of the Lake Victoria basin ecosystem for planningsustainable economic development ii Lake Victoria basin countries sharing dataand information from the Geo referenced database amongst themselves anddisseminating it at regional and global scales and iii LVBC and the Lake Victoriabasin countries are using scientific and socio economic knowledge generated toinform policy decisions on the sustainable management of the Lake Victoria basinecosystem

Component Point Sources Pollution Control and Prevention

Poverty population growth and environmental degradation are intertwined in theLake Victoria Basin which supports a large portion of rural and urban populationsThe population depends on multiple livelihood activities which result into


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numerous resource use conflicts and environmental degradation especially soil andwater in the upper catchment and in the lake itself The RTDA studies for the LakeVictoria Basin indicate that human population and poverty in the Basin have led todegradation of land and wetlands poor water quality loss of forest coverdecreasing biodiversity and fish stocks and poor living standards among the localcommunities This component will identify high priority areas and hotspots fordirect intervention while catalyzing resources to control point source pollution inthe priority hotspots and sub catchments

This component will help to reduce the costs of doing business in the basin inenvironmentally friendly ways through defraying expenses for competentassessment of environmental impacts of proposed investments and sharing the costsof ecologically friendly choices of technology Interventions will be implemented bypublic institutions private sector and through public private partnerships at thecommunity district and national levels

This project will support carrying out a master plan feasibility study and detaileddesign and Environmental Impact Assessment EIA for Kicukiro GasaboRwamagana Huye Musanze Kayonza Muhanga and Nyagatare Districts

The main objective of this component is to reduce environmental stress in the LVBthrough the implementation of mitigation and prevention measures Thiscomponent will finance investments aimed at reducing a point sources of pollutionin priority hotspots and b industrial pollution The control of point sources ofpollution will focus on major polluting cities towns and industrial sites identified todate These investments will complement on going activities supported by otherdevelopment agencies in water and sanitation

The component will have two sub components

Sub component Planning for sewage system and wastewater treatmentfacilities

Sub component Promotion of cleaner production technologies

Sub component Planning for sewage system and wastewater treatmentfacilities


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The project will target highly eutrophic hotspots identified in the project designingstage It will finance

Consultancy services for carrying out a detailed study and EnvironmentalImpact Assessment EIA for centralized sewerage systems in Kicukiro andGasaboCarry out a master plan feasibility study and detailed design andEnvironmental Impact Assessment EIA of centralized sewerage systems forRwamagana Musanze Huye Muhanga Kayonza and Nyagatare DistrictsCarry out pollution level assessment and develop Pollution Control Plan foreight Districts Kicukiro Gasabo Rwamagana Musanze HuyeMuhanga Kayonza and Nyagatare

The Pollution Control Plans for hotspot areas will be developed and used toprioritize specific intervention measures The major factors influencing the prioritysetting of point sources management interventions in the LVB will include i stressreduction impacts during the project period on inland lakes wetlands and Riversthat flow into Lake Victoria ii environmental status change beyond the projectperiod and iii sustainability of the LVEMP II interventions beyond its closing date

The project will complement investments by the jurisdictions with the intent toensure consistent application of effluent standards across boundaries Thus in orderto maximize synergies LVEMP II support to point sources pollution control will beclosely coordinated with the planned and ongoing urban water and sanitationprojects financed by other development agencies The sub component will beimplemented by City and municipal councils of the selected urban centers

The specific outputs of this sub component are i a detailed feasibility study andEIA for centralized sewerage systems in two districts ii a master plan feasibilitystudy and detailed design and EIA of centralized sewerage systems in six districtsand iii Pollution Control Plans for eight districts

The expected outcome of this sub component is an enabling environment forleveraging resources for wastewater treatment activities and for the design andconstruction of selected sewerage treatment systems in some of the major urbancenters in the Lake Victoria Basin

vi Sub component Promotion of cleaner production technologies


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The objective of this sub component is to reduce industrial pollution by promotingonsite pre treatment of wastes from factories and efficiency in raw materialutilization through sorting reuse and recycling activities The major pollutingindustries located mainly in and around Kigali City will be targeted fordemonstration of low cost options such as WSP and connection of pre treatedindustrial effluents discharge to constructed and or restored wetlands

This sub component will finance interventions aimed at reducing pollution loadsfrom industrial effluents through i adoption of Cleaner Production TechnologiesCPT ii compliance enforcement on regional effluent standards and iii publiceducation and awareness campaigns The main activities to be supported include atraining of targeted industries on cost effective measures of reducing wastes bundertaking cleaner production in plant assessments c facilitatingenvironmentally sound technology assessments and transfers and d assistingindustries to prepare bankable projects for upgrading their production lines toreduce pollution and wastesTo enhance compliance with effluent standards and increase transparency this subcomponent will support i updating of the inventory of factories and their pollutionloads identified through prior initiatives and ii posting of the information on theLVBC s and Focal Point Ministries websites These activities will be coordinated bythe Kenya National Cleaner Production Centre and will be financed by the SwedishGovernment through SIDA

The expected output of the sub component is the reduced untreated industrialwastes discharged into the lake and river systems in the basin The expectedoutcome is increased adoption of cleaner production technologies by targetedindustries

These interventions will be undertaken through the national Cleaner ProductionCenter and Rwanda Environmental Management Authority and regionallycoordinated by Kenya Cleaner Production CentreInitially the project will work with the major polluting industries identified in thepilot Cleaner Production programme under the Kigali Industrial EnvironmentProject KIEM

The project will complement investments by the jurisdictions with the intent toensure consistent application of effluent standards across boundaries Investments


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should be prioritized based not only on potential for nutrient reduction but also forthe public health benefits that may accrue Promotion of Cleaner Production in theindustrial sector will be intensified and enforced with potential futurestandardization across the East African Community countries

ix Component Watershed management

The utilization of the natural resources is centered on modernization of agricultureby increasing the productivity of land and improving the farmers income addingvalue to fish production without affecting the environment in doing so the activitieshave to be selected mindful of the potential environmental and social impacts Thiscomponent seeks to reduce environmental stresses from the Lake Victoria Basinthrough mitigation and prevention measures The reduction of non point sourcepollution sediment loads nutrients and agro chemicals will directly contribute tothe achievement of the second PDO GEO Scaling up successful models ofwatershed management practices piloted under other national and regionalprograms will improve water use efficiency and generate positive downstreamexternalities

The component seeks to reduce environmental stresses from the lake basin throughthe implementation of non point sources pollution mitigation and preventionmeasures The project will support community driven investments in rehabilitatingthe catchment areas of Rivers Nyabarongo The main focus will be on a up scalingsuccessful interventions piloted under Decentralized Environment ManagementProject DEMP and Integrated Management of Critical Ecosystems IMCE bmobilizing new participating communities c building capacities of selected localauthorities and communities and d preparing Community Driven DevelopmentCDD subprojects which will be up scaled during the last phase of the project Thiswill enable the country gain enough experience on community driven watershedmanagement and the use of participatory approaches in Environment and NaturalResources Management ENR

The component will have three sub componentsSub component Restoration of wetlands river banks and hillside

intensificationSub component Community driven development for livelihoods

improvementSub component Community capacity building and participation


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Sub component Restoration of wetlands river banks and hillsideintensification

Community driven approaches will be used to scale up watershed rehabilitationinterventions such as integrated management of soil and water reforestation andforestation catchment protection and rehabilitation of degraded wetlands Inkeeping with the principle of subsidiarity where existing instruments can be used toaddress the watershed rehabilitation and other problems LVEMP II will seek toboost and top up those instruments The project will provide matching grants toriparian communities with particular emphasis on the poor marginalized groupswomen and young people to promote local partnerships in addressing degradationof the watershed It will ensure that existing CDD approaches e g Haute Intensitéde Main d Oeuvre HIMO and Travaux d Intérêt Général TIG are used Theseapproaches will be used to scale up community driven watershed managementinterventions introduction of aquaculture and water hyacinth control measures

The interventions will focus on sustainable soil and water management Theinterventions will be implemented largely by communities The public and orcommunity land will be brought under conservation using CDD approaches in thetargeted sub catchments of the Provinces around the country The interventionswill especially target that both the upper watershed and littoral zone whichpredominantly generate public goods or benefits Typical activities will include

• Protection of steep slope farm land• Reforestation and Afforestation• Sediment retention structures• Rain harvesting and storage• Small water reservoirs• Village infrastructure drinking water boreholes improvement of access roads

and protection of natural springs• Catchment or forest protection• Biological and manual Water hyacinth control• Wetlands rehabilitation and• Aquaculture and stocking and restocking of inland satellite lakes for

enhanced Fisheries Resources


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Sub component Community driven development for livelihoodsimprovement

The interventions will be financed to provide benefits to communities at householdand with substantial private benefits The private or family owned land will bebrought under the livelihoods improvement interventions aimed at intensifyingnatural resources use and reducing harvesting pressure on forests and wetlandsresources in the targeted sub catchments of the selected Districts The interventionswill include support to income generating activities benefiting the poor such as

• Terracing and contouring of farms on gentle slopes• Horticulture and economic trees forage and livestock development• Small scale Irrigation and drainage activities• Livestock development• Aquaculture small scale fish processing and cold storage facilities

The livelihoods improvement interventions will be financed to provide incentivesfor communities to participate in the natural resources conservation activities and tohelp improve their livelihoods

The main outputs of these sub components will be

Sub component Natural resources conservation and livelihoods improvement• District and community levels capacity and knowledge for planning and

implementing sustainable watershed management intervention developed• Participatory watershed management plans developed and implemented by

communities in the targeted catchments and micro catchments and

Sub component Community driven development for livelihoods improvement• Sustainable community driven livelihood improvement subprojects

developed and implemented

The expected outcomes of implementing these sub components are• Increased adoption of sustainable land management SLM practices and

natural resources conservation practices by participating communities in thetargeted sub catchments

• Reduced harvesting pressure on the fisheries and other natural resources


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Indicative activities Interventions will be to

Sub component Natural resources conservation and livelihoods improvement• Rehabilitation of selected degraded catchments Nyabarongo and other

tributaries• Support community based investments in afforestation programs catchment

rehabilitation and conservation in targeted sub catchments in selectedDistricts around the country

• Pilot and establish incentives based mechanisms to address non point sourcepollution in selected Districts around the country

Sub component Community driven development for livelihoods improvement• Promote and invest in soil and water conservation technologies in targeted

sub catchments in selected Districts around the country• Promote community participation in good environmental management

practices

Sub component Community capacity building and participation

Significant change in the management of the natural resources will only be achievedthrough direct community involvement in natural resources management leading tocommunity empowerment and action Community participation is designed toencourage ownership and enhance awareness and knowledge on sustainablemanagement of Lake Victoria Basin resources It is evident that there is lowawareness about mechanisms for sustainable utilization of LVB resources Thepublic is not sensitized on environmental and natural resource management issuesin the LVB Existing information is not readily available to the local population inuser friendly forms for use by policy makers implementers and communities

This sub component will focus on mobilizing communities and building theircapacity in the preparation and implementation of the CDD type subprojects in thewatershed The capacity building includes areas such as participatory subprojectsidentification implementation and monitoring plus the community basedprocurement and financial management

Further the project will lay emphasis on creating communities awareness of the keyenvironmental issues of the Lake Victoria basin and the benefits of theirparticipation in the watershed management interventions In particular the project


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will organize public awareness meetings for local communities to promote aadoption of non point pollution mitigation and prevention measures including soilerosion control and the use of ecological toilets and b change of unsustainablenatural resources utilization behaviour

This sub component will finance i Translate and disseminate guideline forpreparation and implementation of community sub projects into Kinyarwandalanguage ii Support community exchange programmes study tours in naturalresources management iii Create community awareness in implementation ofwatershed management activities iv Training of local governments farmers andextension personnel on climate change mitigation and adaptation measuresv Hiring project watershed management officers and vi Training of farmersextension personnel on soil and water conservation and water hyacinth reuse

The expected outcome of this sub component is enhanced communities ability toplan implement and monitor watershed management interventions in the targetedsub catchments

xvii Component Project coordination and managementThis component will provide resources necessary for the effective coordination andcommunication and monitoring and evaluation of the project activities At thenational level these tasks will be carried out by the National Project CoordinationTeam NPCT This component will have two sub components i Projectcoordination and communication and ii Monitoring and evaluation

xviii Sub component Project coordination and communication

This sub component will finance the incremental operating costs of the variousorganizations responsible for project implementation including the National ProjectSteering Committee NPSC and the National Technical Advisory CommitteeNTAC It will also meet the capital and operating costs of the NPCT to bemainstreamed in the National Focal Point Ministry Office NFPM The NationalProject Coordinator NPC will be employed on competitive basis to coordinateproject implementation activities during the first two years This sub component willalso strengthen the financial and procurement management functions in the NPCT


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to enhance project s resources management and accountability Funds will beavailable to recruit need based additional staff such as accountant procurementspecialist administrative secretary and drivers under the operational costs category

In addition this sub component will finance the development of a communicationssystem for improving decision making and planning through sharing of data andinformation among the main implementing agencies This will enhance sharing ofexisting technical knowledge and implementation experiences at the regionalnational local and community levels Specifically this sub component will financethe development of i an internal communications system to facilitate informationsharing and ii information sharing protocol to enhance exchange of data amongLVBC NFPM and main implementing agencies

The sub component will also finance the national outreach program It will focus ondelivering Lake Victoria s environmental education programs to the policy makersand public at large The objective is to ensure an understanding of the keyenvironmental issues for the sustained public support and long term fundingcommitment to mitigation and prevention measures Therefore the outreachprogram will target the Parliament local politicians donor community and thegeneral public The sub component will support i development andimplementation of national public awareness and education materials for thesustainable use of LVB resources and ii outreach activities to seek the support ofkey policy makers including parliamentarians and senior government officials

The NFPM will lead the implementation of the national outreach program and willcontract the appropriate print and electronic media channels of communications todeliver key messages to specific target audiences The project will provide theinformation to be communicated while the media houses will package it to suitspecific audiences The expected outcome of this sub component is increasedaccountability of both regional and national institutions responsible for managingthe LVB resources

xix Sub component Monitoring and Evaluation M E

This sub component will provide resources for i establishing the national GISbased M E and Management Information System MIS and ii collection analysesstorage and dissemination of data and information on the project s implementation


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performance outcomes and impact based on the indicators provided in the ResultsFramework

Sources of data for feeding the M E system will include a Administrative datacollected through the project MIS such as progress technical and financial reportsb specially designed qualitative and quantitative household survey instruments cexisting and newly collected geo referenced data and d scientifically collectedenvironmental and ecosystem health data The monitoring and evaluation plandeveloped for LVEMP II will serve two purposes i periodic assessment of projectimplementation and performance and ii evaluation of their results in terms ofrelevance efficiency effectiveness impact and sustainability Both i and ii willcontribute to improved policy and the LVB management decision making towardsachieving the project development and global environmental objectives

The communities participating in implementing watershed managementinterventions will also be involved in project monitoring and evaluationCommunity based M E activities will regularly track the performance of the CDDsubprojects To accomplish the M E functions the NFPM will hire a qualified M Especialist The project will ensure that monitoring reports including quarterly andannual project implementation progress procurement financial and audit reportsare produced regularly Further the outcomes of research and ecosystem monitoringwill also be stored and disseminated through the GIS based regional and nationalManagement Information Systems MIS

The expected outcome of this sub component is that implementing agencies andlocal communities are utilizing the M E and GIS based MIS information formanagement decision making and development planning


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STUDYAPPROACHAND METHODOLOGY

The study was conducted by the consultant using the following approach andmethodology literature review Field visits and Interactive Discussion

Literature reviewThe EMSF was prepared based on existing general literature among them

Lake Victoria Environmental Management project Phase II countryDocumentWorld Bank WebsiteProject Appraisal DocumentsPreparation of National and Regional Institutional Framework forNatural Resources Management for RwandaTechnical Paper Private Sector Development StrategyTechnical Paper National Framework for Monitoring andCommunicationTechnical Paper Land Suitability Mapping and OverlaysAssessmentDistricts Development Plans DDPOther government documents studies etc

The consultant has also undertaken detailed review and analysis of the nationalrelevant legislations policies and guidelines including the World Bank SafeguardsPolicies international conventions related to this project and other relevantdocuments

Field VisitsThe consultant made an extensive visit to the project area different districts inorder to identify the issues on the ground and appreciate possible impacts of thesubproject activities on the Environment See Annex consultant s itinerary for fieldvisits

The main issues outlined in all the consultative meetings with stakeholders includedLand degradationExtensive soil erosionWater pollutionDeforestationOverexploitation of wetlands


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Rainfall irregularityInvasive speciesOver fishingPoverty and dependency on natural resources

Interactive DiscussionsVarious discussions have been held with the LVBC Rwanda focal person for projectpreparation technical staff of Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action ProgramNELSAP Kagera Transboundary Integrated Water Resources Management andDevelopment KTIWRMD Project different authorities at district and nationallevels as well as other relevant staff of key implementing partners of the project i eMINELA REMA IMCE MINAGRI Kigali City etc


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BASELINE DATA

Project Target AreasIn Rwanda the LVB covers a total surface area of km or of the total areaof the LVB RTDA and covers about of the Rwandan surface areaNational TDA There are districts totally inserted into LVB and other fourdistricts with part of their territory in the basin Karongi Rutsiro Ngororero andNyabihu

The LVB in Rwanda is defined by the extent of the Kagera River catchments in thecountry Rwanda and Burundi are therefore key upstream riparian countries withrespect to management planning for sustainable utilization of the resources of theLake Victoria Basin LVB


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Figure Nile Basin area in RwandaPhysical Environment

The main physical features that make Rwanda a unique part of the LVB and whichhave major trans boundary implications are

TerrainRwanda is a mountainous country characterized by a diverse relief ranging fromhilly volcanoes and mountain forest climate in the north and west through the steepand gentle hills in the central regions and to the lowland hot and dry eastern plainsThe consistent downward variation of terrain from North West to South East putsRwanda on the upstream part of the Basin which facilitated almost unidirectionalflow of water towards Lake Victoria

ClimateThe LVB in Rwanda enjoys a tropical monotone climate moderated by altitude withan alteration between the dry season generally from June to September and therainy season October to May Rwanda s climate is characterized by high spatialvariability mainly as a result of the country s wide ranging terrain i e frommeters in the volcanic ranges of the North West to as low as meters in the eastTDA The high altitude areas of the North and North West receive muchhigher rainfall averaging mmm annum while the lowland areas of the westsouth and east receive much less generally less than mm annum The meanannual temperatures range from oC in the higher altitudes oC in thecentral plateau and oC in the eastern and western lowlands reflecting largevariability over relatively small spatial scale

DrainageThe drainage system principally consists of wetlands rivers and lakes The mainwetlands of significant importance are those of the Akanyaru and Nyabarongo Thiscomprises of a dense network of streams originating from the steep mountains andwet valleys that eventually feed into the two main rivers River Nyabarongo andRiver Akanyaru that eventually converge in the southeastern plains to form theAkagera The River Akagera contributes approximately one third of the totaldischarge into Lake Victoria making Rwanda and Burundi critical upstream parts ofthe LVB These rivers used to be cushioned by thickets of wetlands that constantlyabsorbed excess water and recharged the rivers in dry seasons but this vegetationhas gradually been stripped Predominant vegetation around the wetlands is cyperuspapyrus that forms a quasi continuous layer with scattered shrubby species and


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herbaceous like Cyperus latifolius This vegetation is important for maintainingbiodiversity water retention making economically viable crafts food and otheruses However the increasing cultivation of wetlands reduced such vegetationcover There are efforts though to restore vegetation around wetlands especially toprotect river banks and lake shores Lake Cyohoha and Lake Rweru in the SouthEastern plains are important trans boundary resources because they are shared withBurundi A common characteristic of these lakes is that they tend to be shallow andare surrounded by extensive mass of wetlands dominated by Cyperus papyrus Thesewetlands are under pressure of reclamation for agriculture as arable land hasdeclined and more people have moved into the region and as the region sinfrastructure has improved attracting even more influx of people The mainconsequence is that the very survival of the lakes and their hydrological andbiodiversity resources are threatened

Biological EnvironmentRwanda has a rich diversity of plant and animal species which vary in the differentecological zones from the alpine forest ecosystem in the north and north west to thesemi arid rangelands of the eastern province This diversity makes it one of the mostimportant conservation zones of the LVB Biodiversity in Rwanda is important forthe livelihoods and the economy from various perspectives it supports agricultureand the tourism industry is almost entirely based on the country s diverse biologicalresources Some species have known medicinal value which is exploited by thepopulation

Socio Economic EnvironmentAn estimated million people live in the LVB in Rwanda more than of thetotal population of Rwanda Regional TDA and accounts for of the totalpopulation in the entire basin With an average population density in excess ofpersons per sq Km RTDA Final Report the LVB in Rwanda is one of the mostdensely populated

Most of Rwanda s urban areas and population including Kigali city are located inthe LVB a situation that presses more challenges of solid waste managementindustrial and municipal pollution The high population density and the fact thatarable land is increasingly becoming scarce still makes population pressure one ofthe main challenges for development Some of the key socio economic characteristicsof the LVB in Rwanda are summarised as follows


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• The population is predominantly rural but progressively urbanising withabout of the population living in what are termed as urban areas As partof the strategy to reduce pressure on rural land the GoR is promotingurbanisation

• Extreme dependency on natural resources for energy more than of thehouseholds depend on firewood as their primary energy source

• Agrarian economy although agricultural share of GDP has declinedagriculture is still the backbone of the economy industry is mostly agrobased i e processing of coffee tea tobacco and others

• A generally young population about three quarters of the population are underyears and more than half the population are under years On the one

hand this is a big potential to develop since young people are relatively easyto transform if equipped with skills However this also implies highdependency potential population explosion and more challenges ofproviding social services like education health and employment

• Low level of industrialisation which is based mainly on agro processing i ecoffee rice tobacco tea and brewing The current industrial base for Rwandais located in a sensitive and fragile wetland that straddles Kigali City andserves as an upstream point as well as non point source of pollution to thenetwork of Rivers and wetlands including the Akagera which pours directlyinto Lake Victoria

• Low levels of formal employment Most people are employed in the informalsector of which agriculture contributes about The formal sectormanufacturing and services employ less than

Main ecological problems their causes and trans boundary implications in theLVB

The principal ecological problems identified in the basin National TDA RTDA andSAP are summarised below The nature and geographical position of Rwandamake almost every local environmental and socioeconomic issue a trans boundaryconcern

Rwanda has an extensively hilly topography and this scenario in conjunction withthe high population density and the overwhelming majority of Rwandans engagedin subsistence agriculture has led to overexposure of most soils to soil erosionpressures Thus several factors of which the most important are the deforestationinappropriate farming practices and overgrazing have been responsible for various


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forms of Land degradation The Government of Rwanda GoR places emphasis oncombating soil erosion on cultivated land and enormous resources have beeninvested under various projects in terracing hilly areas and promoting other soilconservation technologies Nonetheless the problem remains enormous as a lot ofsoil continues to be washed away resulting in rivers and streams silting andsedimentation downstream Although no statistics on the total area of farmlandsusceptible to or affected by erosion and the area protected from erosion has beenobtained field observations reveal that most farmers cultivate steep slopes withoutany soil water conservation measures and many may be ignorant about the effectsof soil erosion on their land productivity

Although the GoR has evidently identified this among the national priorities there isurgent need for a comprehensive and coordinated soil and water conservationstrategy undertaken as a national effort to effectively addressing the issue Terracingand other initiatives are still driven by projects and tend to be area based andtherefore narrow in scope Issues that have been identified as national challenges tosustainable ecosystem and natural resources management at the national levelwithin the LVB region are discussed below

Sedimentation extensive soil erosion results in sedimentation which is responsiblefor the silting on the wetlands and in the lakes Most of this sedimentary load istaken in the downstream i e in Akagera and Lake Victoria resulting in decliningwater quality and subsequently escalation of water borne diseases and creation ofunfavourable conditions for aquatic life

The most serious waterborne diseases are malaria diarrhoea cholera and bilharziawhich tend to become epidemics during the rainy season Malaria is serious as theparasites have increasingly become resistant to the relatively cheap and accessibletreatment and has recently been reported in hitherto non endemic mountainousareas of northern Rwanda due to changing environmental conditions

Water pollution resulting from a combination of siltation and poor wastemanagement degradation of catchment areas and inappropriate managementofmunicipal and industrial wastes Water pollution from use of pesticides andfertilizers as well as pollution from mining are still marginal but need carefulmonitoring


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Deforestation has resulted in increasing shortage of timber fuelwood and otherwood and non wood products Efforts in reforestation have been intensified withsignificant results as illustrated in Figure Rwanda is the only part of the LVBwhere there has been an overall positive change in forest area over the last yearsBut considering the fact that this is still far below the s level and theunprecedented high population growth of about p a it remains far tooinadequate to meet the demand

Extensive reclamation of wetlands in virtually all parts of the LVB is resulting indecline in both the flow and quality of water resources besides other ecologicalfunctions like regulating microclimate The drive to increase production of cerealcrops maize rice has accelerated the rate of wetland reclamation In Bugesera areawetlands are important buffers against droughts but their decline has increased thevulnerability of poor households to drought Other pressures on wetlands includeextraction mining of stones clay peat and other construction materials andsedimentation in valleys resulting from intense erosion on the steeply sloping hillsduring the rainy season

Loss of habitat for biodiversity The loss of habitats and biodiversity in the aquaticand terrestrial ecosystems are the consequence of conversion of forests wetlandsrangelands and other natural ecosystems into agricultural land settlements andother activities

Over fishing and or inappropriate exploitation threatens the fishing potential ofsouthern lakes and is exacerbated by lack of a trans boundary framework toregulate and monitor cross border fishing But a key concern is the apparent lack ofrecognition of the potential of LVB fisheries both capture fishing and wetland basedfish farming as a source of affordable animal protein incomes and recreation


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Figure Picture showing traditional fishing boats

Invasive species A number of invading species were identified in the area but thosewhich seem to have more impact are the water hyacinth Eichornia crassipes Lantanacamara and the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus among other species

Figure Picture showing water hyacinth Eichornia crassipes at lake Shakani in Akagera NationalPark ANP


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Rainfall irregularity Rain fed agriculture has been affected by the changingpatterns The irregularity of precipitations disturbs the agricultural cycles causingrecurrent famines and internal displacement of populations especially in Southernand Eastern parts which in turn impacts the economy

Poverty and over dependency on natural resources The survival of most of thepopulations depends on the immediate exploitation of the available naturalresources which is done in very destructive ways The population in the LVB livealmost entirely on subsistence farming and livestock rearing using poor andinappropriate methods with low use of external inputs As the population pressureincreases so has the pressure on natural resources resulting in severe resourcedegradation low productivity and an increasing cycle of poverty andpowerlessness

ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY AND REGULATORYFRAMEWORK

This section of the ESMF outlines and reviews the existing legislations policies andinstitutions and identifies requirements as well as gaps and conflicts of the relevantlegal and institutional arrangements that would hinder or guide the development ofthe project in line with the national and international laws applicable to LVEMP IIRwanda being a signatory to various international conventions and laws it simportant that national projects are in line with these laws and as such some of therelevant international conventions are reviewed in this section

Legal FrameworkRwanda is just revising and enacting new institutional policy and legislativeframework in all its sectors and sub sectors after operating with colonial frameworkuntil after Most of the government ministries have already developed the


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respective sector policies and strategic plans most of which are based on povertyreduction strategy

The constitution of the Republic of RwandaAdopted by the Rwandans during the Referendum of th March it stipulatesthrough different wordings of law the following message

• Article Each person has right to hold a private property individual orcollective The private property individual or collective is in violable No onecan make prejudice on it unless there is a necessity of public interest in thecontext and ways established by the law and in exchange of an equal andprevious compensation

• Article The private property of soil and other real rights putting astrain to the soil granted by the government state An Act determines theacquisition transfer and exploitation means

• Article The state property consists of the public sector and the privatesector of the government together with the public sector and private sector ofdecentralized public communities The properties of the public sector areinalienable except in case of their previous disuse in favor of the privateconcession of the government

• Article Each person is submitted to respect the public properties

• Article Each citizen has the right to healthy and satisfyingenvironment Each person has the right to protect to conserve and promote theenvironment The government will take care of the environment protection AnAct defines the procedures of protecting conserving and promotingenvironment

• Article The treaties and international agreements regularly signed andapproved have since their making public within the official magazine anauthority superior to that of the organic laws and those of ordinary laws underreserve for each agreement or treaty of its execution by the other part

Organic Law on Environment Protection and ManagementThe most relevant legislation for this study is the Organic Law on EnvironmentalProtection Conservation and Management This is the law that regulates theprotection of environment in Rwanda The law sets out the general legal frameworkfor environment protection and management in Rwanda It also constitutes


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environment as a one of the priority concerns of the Government of Rwanda Underthe fundamental principle on national environmental protection policy developsnational strategies plans and programs aiming at ensuring the conservation and useof sustainable environmental resources

The law gives right to every natural or legal person in Rwanda to live in a healthyand balanced environment They also have the obligation to contribute individuallyor collectively to safeguard country s natural historical and socio cultural heritage

The framework of the law on the protection and management of natural resourcescentres on avoiding and reducing the disastrous consequences on environment Itmeasures result from an environmental evaluation of policies programs andprojects aimed at preventing the consequences of such activities

The principle of sustainability of environment and equity among generationemphasizes human beings at the core of sustainable development They thereforehave a right to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature They must soas to equitably meet the needs of the present and future generation

The protection and management of environment is currently registered in theenvironmental organic law that has been published in the official Rwandanewspaper in MayMINELA which is the ministry responsible for the environment under the articleputs in place Rwanda Environment Management Authority REMA which is theinstitution now charged with the responsibility of ensuring environmentalprotection by demanding for EIA studies to be undertaken before projects areexecuted

The present organic law has the following objectives

• To protect human and natural environment• To establish fundamental principles of management and protection of

environment against all forms of degradation so as to develop naturalresources and to fight all kinds of pollutions and nuisances

• To improve the living conditions of the population while preservingecosystems and available resources

• To ensure sustainable environment and resources as well as rational andsustainable use of resources taking into account the equality between thepresent and future generations


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• To guarantee to all Rwandans an economically viable ecologically rationaland socially acceptable development

• To establish the precaution principle in order to reduce the negative effects onEnvironment and ensure the rehabilitation of degraded areas

Chapter IV of the Organic Law Article clearly calls for the need to subject projectsto mandatory Environmental Impact Assessment

Article States that every person has the duty to protect safeguard and promoteenvironment The State shall protect conserve and manage the environment

Article Further specifies that every project shall be subjected to environmentalimpact assessment prior to its commencement It shall be the same for programsplans and policies likely to affect the environment Specific details of projectsreferred to in this Article shall be spelt out by the order of the Minister in charge ofenvironment

Article states that Environmental Impact Assessment EIA shall include at leastthe following

• A brief description of the project and its variants• Analysis of direct and indirect foreseeable consequences on the

environment• Analysis of the initial state of the environment• Measures envisaged reducing preventing or compensating for the

consequences• Reasons for the choice• A summary of requisitions from clause to of this article• A definition of the evaluation and monitoring methods used regularly and

environmental indicators before initial state during and afterimplementation of the project or as the case may be at the final evaluationstage of the project

• A financial evaluation of measures recommended preventing reducing orcompensating for the negative effects of the project on the environmentand measures for regular monitoring and control of relevantenvironmental indicators

Article states that the analysis and approval of environmental impact assessmentsis done by the Rwanda Environmental Protection Authority or any other persongiven a written authorization The project promoter shall pay a levy which shall be


39

assessed from the amount invested or to be invested excluding the amount ofoperating cost The assessment of this levy shall be fixed by law establishing theNational Fund for the Environment The impact study shall be done at the expenseand under the responsibility of the promoter

The Organic Law also puts in place the National Fund of the Environment inRwanda FONERWA The composition the working and the assignments of theseinstitutions will be determined by particular laws

The article of the Organic Law on the environment specifies that it has created tothe level of the Provinces of the City of Kigali of the Districts the Cities the Sectorsand the Cells Committees responsible for the conservation and the protection of theenvironment The composition the working and the assignments of thesecommittees will be determined by Decree of the prime minister

Title IV of Article of the Organic Law requires that the execution of Policies Plansand Projects must be subject to mandatory EIA studies to identify the potentialadverse impacts they could have on the environmentFurther to this through the Ministerial Decree a list of all the project that must besubjected to mandatory EIA has been put in place under article of the OrganicLaw Article further stipulates that works of public or private construction asroads dams etc must be subjected to EIA studiesArticle of the Organic Law further specifies that the EIA studies undertaken mustbe submitted to REMA for approval and the studies must be undertaken at theproponent s expense

Environmental Impact Assessment RegulationsREMA has now developed the EIA regulations which provide a guideline andrequirements for EIA in Rwanda Projects with identified adverse impacts onenvironment call for a full EIA process for mitigation measures and thus theMinisterial Order N of establishing the list of works activitiesand projects that have to undertake an environmental impact assessment highlightssome projects as follows construction and repair of international and national roadslarge bridges industries factories hydro dams and electrical lines public dams forwater conservation rain water harvesting for agricultural activities and artificiallakes large hotels public building which accommodate more than one hundreddaily extraction of mines and public land fills among others


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Sub Article No environmental authorization shall be granted by the Authority forany project in Schedule I to these Regulations if no environmental impact assessmenthas been submitted to the Authority in accordance with the provisions of theseRegulations

Sub Article states any project listed under Impact Level III of Schedule I to theseRegulations shall require a full environmental impact assessment by the preparationof an environmental impact report unless the Authority refuses permissionThe general EIA guidelines give the EIA process in Rwanda which consists of thefollowing phases

Project Brief Submission and Registration As a first step in the EIA process adeveloper proposing to start a project shall notify Rwanda Development BoardRDB in writing by submission of a Project Brief The purpose of a Project Briefwhich should be prepared as prescribed in this regulation is to provideinformation on the proposed activity so as to enable RDB and Lead Agenciesestablish whether or not the activity is likely to have significant impact on theenvironment and thus determine the level of EIA necessary The project briefsubmitted to RDB by a developer will be registered as the formal applicationfor an EIA

Screening Screening refers to the process by which RDB makes a decision as towhether an EIA is required or not based on information in the Project Brief Itis through screening that RDB is able to classify proposed projects as either ofimpact level IL or Note that Impact Level IL or are respectivelyequivalent to category C B or A

Scoping and consideration of alternatives The responsibility for scoping shallbe that of the developers or their EIA experts in consultation with LeadAgencies and all relevant stakeholders Scoping is intended to establishimportant issues to be addressed in the environmental impact and eliminate theirrelevant ones After scoping RDB approves the terms of reference that wouldbe used for carrying out the environmental impact study

Baseline data collection and Analysis of Initial State Baseline data describesstatus of existing environment at a location before intervention of the proposedproject Site specific primary data on and around a proposed site should becollected by experts conducting the environmental impact study to form a basis


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for future environmental monitoring

Impact prediction and analysis of alternatives Impact prediction is a way offorecasting the environmental consequences of a project and its alternativesThis action is principally a responsibility of an EIA expert For every projectpossible alternatives should be identified and environmental attributescompared Alternatives should cover both project location and processtechnologies Alternatives should then be ranked for selection of the mostoptimum environmental and socio economic benefits to the community Oncealternatives have been analysed a mitigation plan should be drawn up for theselected option and is supplemented with an Environmental Management PlanEMP to guide the developer in environmental conservation

EIA Report An environmental impact study culminates into preparation of areport by the EIA expert s An EIA report should provide clear information tothe decision maker on the different environmental scenarios without theproject with the project and with project alternatives The developer is alsorequired to produce an environment management plan EMP Anymodifications made by a developer to the EIA report should be presented inform of an Environmental Impact Report Addendum All these threedocuments should then be submitted to REMA by the developer

Public hearing After completion of EIA report the Organic Law requires thatthe public must be informed and consulted on a proposed development REMAmay if it deems necessary conduct a public hearing before EIA reports areappraised by its Technical Committee Any stakeholders likely to be affected bythe proposed project are entitled to have access to unclassified sections of theEIA report and make oral or written comments to RDB RDB shall considerpublic views when deciding whether or not to approve a proposed projectDecision making During the decision making and authorization phase EIAdocuments submitted to the Authority shall be reviewed by two decisionmaking committees a Technical Committee and an Executive Committeeconstituted by RDB If the project is approved the developer will be issuedwith an EIA Certificate of Authorization which permits implementation of theproject in accordance with the mitigation measures in the EIA Report and anyadditional approval conditions

Environmental Monitoring Monitoring should be done during both


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construction and operation phases of a project It is done not just to ensure thatapproval conditions are complied with but also to observe whether thepredictions made in the EIA reports are correct or not Where impacts exceedlevels predicted in the environmental impact study corrective action should betaken Monitoring also enables RDB to review validity of predictions andconditions of implementation of the Environmental Management Plan EMPDuring implementation and operation of a project monitoring is aresponsibility of the developer and RDB

Figure below summarises the EIA procedure in Rwanda and duration workingdays corresponding to each stage


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Figure EIA procedure

IL-1

projects

IL-2 or IL-3 projects

YES

Screening

ToRs

EIA Study: Identification of impacts, mitigation, alternatives & follow-up measures.

Developer submits EIR, EMP and EIR Addendum to RDB

Public hearing

EIR and PHR forwarded to Technical Committee of RDB

Decision-making

Record of Decision AppealNO

• Implementation & Monitoring terms • EIACA issued

Project implementation

Operation with self-monitoring

Project dropped

FailsSucceeds

Official Application & Project Brief Submission

Monitoring by RDB

Var

iabl

ede

pend

ing

onna

ture

and

size

ofpr

ojec

t.30

1530

2030

10

Dur

atio

nof

each

stag

e(W

orki

ngD

ays)


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The Organic Law related to the Land policy in Rwanda N of

It determines the terms of use and management of land in Rwanda It also fixes theprinciples to be applied to the recognized rights on the whole lands located alongthe national territory together with anything connected to it and which isincorporated to it either naturally or artificially

The Article precise that the land is involved included within the commoninheritance of all the Rwandan people the ancestors the presents and futuregenerations Notwithstanding the rights recognized to people only the governmentstate holds the distinguished related to the land s management along the nationalterritory that it uses in the general interest of all in order to assure the rationaleconomic and social development in a way defined by the law

Related to this issue only the government has power to grant the rights ofoccupation and use of the land it also has the right to order the expropriation due toa public cause of public necessity housing conditions and development fixing upof the national territory in the way defined by law against a fair and previouscompensation

The Article mentions that any kind of discrimination in particular the one focusedon gender and to the use of land s rights is prohibited The man and woman havethe same rights related to the land s property

The Act n dated related to expropriation due to acause of public necessityThe quite new Act takes into account

The constitution funds related to the request of expropriation set price

The funds of assessment of expropriation s compensation

The funds of payment of a fair compensationThe competent authority together with the decision of expropriation due to a causeof public necessity are reserved to the Ministry in charge of land within itsresponsibilities Ministry of Environment and Lands because the expropriation is tobe dealt with in over one district article and

The examination are undertaken to fulfill complete the act referring to thedemand s tariff which will be published by ministerial decree and which will berevised periodically Meanwhile a letter dated October Naddressed to districts towns and the city of Kigali proposes the alternative to


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proceed to the agreement between the expropriated and the expropriators accordingto the actual market contract s prices

The article precise that after the publishing of the last decision related to theexpropriation due to a cause of public necessity the competent land commissionelaborates draws up an exhaustive list of owners and the persons holding right toland and to the achieved work on the funds That list is displayed within a placewhich is to be reached by the public at the Office of the District area and quarterconcerning the ground s location so that the concerned persons may become a ware

The expropriation process can not extend a period of four months stating fromthe date of decision making related to the expropriation by the targeted organs atthe article of the present act

The article stipulates that the works of measuring and calculation of expropriationcompensation are carried on in presence of proprietors owners or persons holdingright or their representatives and the representatives of the local authorities

The article mentions that the fair compensation determined by the land scommission is deposited within a due time which does not exceed one hundred andtwenty days starting from the day of its determination otherwise theexpropriation is annulated and becomes without any effect

Policy Framework

Health Sector PolicyOne of the objectives of Rwanda Heath Sector Policy is to improve the quality of anddemand for services in the control of disease The policy identifies the most commonillnesses in Rwanda and puts priority to addressing these diseasesThe policy calls for the strengthening of measures of prevention and theimprovement of the management of cases building on the multi sectoral approachThe approach consists of rapid diagnosis and treatment of cases increase in theprotection of individuals and communities using preventative methodsimpregnated mosquito nets intermittent presumptive chemo prophylaxis treatmentfor pregnant mothers management of the environment including vector controlmaking decision based on evidence monitoring community sensitization andadapted interventions targeted research and coordinated activities aimed atreinforcing existing health services


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Irrigation projects and marshlands having a role to play in malaria incidences thepolicy in these subproject areas should emphases more on environmental control ofthe disease vector especially in marshy areas as opposed to curative services

Agricultural PolicyThe main objective of Rwanda agricultural policy is to intensify and the transformsubsistence agriculture into a market oriented agriculture and which requires themodern inputs notably improved seeds and fertilizer The policy puts emphasis onmarshland development for increased food production

The agricultural policy identifies critical areas in the sector that require improvementto achieve food security and export These areas include intensification of fertilizeruse which is at an average of kg ha and pesticide use which is estimated an averageof kg ha MINAGRI However the country does not have pesticide usepolicy of legislation to guide the use and handling of these chemicals

The policy promotes small scale irrigation infrastructure development in thecountry s selected marshlands while preventing environmental degradationprioritizes rice production among other crops and extension services To achievesustainable agricultural development the policy emphasis the need to adoptIntegrated Pest Management practices

Land PolicyThe most relevant chapter in the new land policy is chapter on land policyguidelines This chapter deals among others with the use and management of hilllands and marshlands in Rwanda The policy calls for rational use and soundmanagement of national land resources and be based on master plans The policyalso provides development of land use plans based on suitability of the areas landsthus distinguishing the different categories of land and their purpose

The policy gives strategic direction options including the need for hills be governedby the written law and the obligation to develop that land should be imposedspecialization of agriculture in Rwanda taking into account the purpose of the landuse as shown in the various programmes plans and soil maps including water andsoil conservation measures in demarcating land for agriculture sand incorporatingagro forestry as part of the agricultural landscape on the hills given that itcontributes to soil protection in particular and environmental protection in generalin the sense that it prevents desertification


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The policy also promotes irrigating areas that are more or less flat and semi arid tosupport agricultural production while discouraging overgrazing and pastureburning On the use and management of marshlands the policy stipulates thatmarshlands meant for agriculture should not be cultivated except after adequateplanning and environmental impact assessment

To achieve the land policy objectives the policy calls for the maintenance ofmarshlands in the state s private land and establishment of clear regulations for theirsustainable use in order to avoid any disorderly farming with negativeenvironmental consequences undertaking an inventory of marshlands andclarification of their location and purpose and promoting specialization ofmarshland farmers and introduction of measures to avoid the division of land insmaller units

The policy recognizes the importance of land tenure in the investment in landmanagement and provides for land concession However the policy needs to beoperationalised to establish minimum and maximum concession period formarshlands The period will determine the rate of investment in these areas andprovide for environmental management

National Wetlands Conservation ProgramThough not a policy as such the wetland convention implementation office inRwanda has formulated a National Wetland Conservation Program forjointly working with the National Commission for Development and Reform theMinistries of Finance Education Scientific Research and Technology EnvironmentLands Water and Natural Resources and Agriculture

The program aim at engaging the various government ministries in wetlandconservation and ensure a holistic approach to wetland management All authoritiesconcerned will have proper coordination of activities concerning wetlandmanagement a factor which leads to efficiency implementation of policies

To avoid further exploitation of the resources Rwandan Government hasestablished rules governing wetlands in the country This is done by subjecting anyacts concerned with water and its resources like watering plants the use of swampsto prior environmental impact assessment which is submitted for approved toREMA or any person given a written authorization by REMA


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Rwanda Environmental PolicyThe overall objective of the Environmental Policy is the improvement of man s wellbeing the judicious utilization of natural resources and the protection and rationalmanagement of ecosystems for a sustainable and fair development The policy seeksto achieve this through improved health and quality of life for every citizen andpromotion of sustainable socio economic development through a rationalmanagement and utilization of resources and environment integratingenvironmental aspects into all the development policies planning and in allactivities carried out at the national provincial and local level with the fullparticipation of the population conservation preserve and restoration of ecosystemsand maintenance of ecological and systems functions which are life supportsparticularly the conservation of national biological diversity optimum utilization ofresources to attain a sustainable level of resources consumption awareness creationamong the public to understand and appreciate the relationship betweenenvironment and development ensuring participation of individuals and thecommunity in the activities for the improvement of environment with specialattention to women and the youth and ensuring the meeting of the basic needs ofpresent population and those of future generations

Water and Sanitation PolicyThe sectoral policy on water and sanitation is based on vision millenniumdevelopment goals and poverty reduction strategy The policy provides fordecentralization in line with the national decentralization policy institutionalaspects integrated watershed management monitoring and assessment andparticipatory approach to water and sanitation among other sectoral reforms inRwanda

The policy identifies the sub sector constraints and proposes measures to achievepolicy objectives of improving the living conditions of the population throughoptimal use of water resources and access of all to water and sanitation servicesOne of the programs of this policy is on water supply and sanitation program inrural area In order to achieve the millennium goals and the Vision theGovernment of Rwanda launched years water and sanitation program in ruralarea This program aims to improve the population rate with access to waterpresently at and increase the sanitation rate presently at to in to

in and in In some subproject areas marshlands are a source ofdomestic water and development of these areas could have a bearing in water andsanitation of the communities


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National Water Resources Management PolicyThe water policy aims at fair and sustainable access to water improvement of themanagement of water resources etc through reforestation on hillsides and watercatchments areas This policy would seem in conflict with other sector policiesincluding agriculture and marshland development While the water policy calls forimprovement of water resources including marshlands the agricultural policy callsfor development of these ecosystems for agricultural productionThe policy also needs adopt a holistic approach to the management of waterresources and integrate other polices related to it including the forest wetlandsagriculture and land

This policy is relevant to LVEMPII subprojects as most of the project activities willbe undertaken in areas with water resources

Fisheries BillThe Bill on the Organisation of Fishing and Aquaculture the Fisheries Bill hasbeen discussed and approved by Cabinet and is now before Parliament The Bill willreplace the old law which did not have adequate provision for mitigating thedecrease in the production capacity of the lakes rivers and natural ponds mainlydue to the disorder in fishery following inappropriate fishing techniques TheFisheries Bill recognises that the old law on fisheries was not comprehensive andlacked an organisational structure and provisions on the quality standards TheFisheries Bill proposes to reform the fisheries sector and amongst other things aimsto

preserve the lakes and aquaculture resource restore and protect it againstnoxious factorsensure optimum yield of the fisheriespromote professional fishing and fishery and aquaculture researchimprove fisheries and aquaculture on the basis of sustainable development

Forest PolicyThe forest policy is relevant to this project due to the role forests play in waterregulation and soil conservation The forest policy aims curbing the continuouswood shortage and but most important to this study the alarming deterioration ofsoil The policy recognizes ecological and economic role of forest the policy also aimsat linking forestry with rural development by establishing relationship betweenforestry and beneficiaries Forest management is linked intricately to marshlands


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existence soil productivity water quality and flooding The policy providesstrategies for reforestation for environmental protection

The policy is relevant to the project as some of the activities of the project touch onafforestation and revegetation of degraded areas especially catchments areaswhether protected or non protected The agroforestry activities in the hills will alsohave positive impacts on the country s forest stock if successful through supply offirewood and rejuvenating the soil productivity thus intensifying crop production asopposed to encroachment to forested areas

National Biodiversity Strategy and Action PlanThis strategy defines the objectives and priorities for the conservation andsustainable management of biodiversity The plan includes hillsides and wetlandsand protected areas as some of the areas that need to be conservationThe strategy focuses on five major areas i e improved conservation of protectedareas and wetlands sustainable use of biodiversity in natural ecosystems and agroecosystems rational use of biotechnology development and strengthening of policyinstitutional legal and human resources frameworks and equitable sharing ofbenefits derived from the use of biological resources

The Action Plan consists of urgent and priority actions which are attainable in aperiod of five years The strategy focuses on five major aims improved conservationof protected areas and wetlands sustainable use of biodiversity in naturalecosystems and agro ecosystems rational use of biotechnology development andstrengthening of policy institutional legal and human resources frameworks andequitable sharing of benefits derived from the use of biological resources The ActionPlan consists of urgent and priority actions which are attainable in a period of fiveyears However the plan is not based on the actual status quo of wetlands which isone of the most important ecosystems in Rwanda There is need to undertakeinventory of wetlands in the country which will allow planning of these ecosystems

Poverty Reduction StrategyThe National Poverty Reduction Strategy identifies the transformation of thesubsistence agriculture into a modernized agriculture which is market oriented asone of the priority sectors Other priority areas include human development whichcovers the actions of improving living conditions of the poor economicinfrastructure governance development of the private sector and the institutionalreinforcement


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International RegulationsRwanda is a signatory to a number of conventions on sustainable development andis a member of various bilateral and multilateral organizations Some of the relevantdevelopment partners in this project are the World Bank and a number of UnitedNations agencies

World Bank Safeguard PoliciesThis ESMF has been designed so that all investment under the LVEMP II willcomply with the relevant laws of Rwanda and the Environmental and SocialSafeguard Policies of the World Bank In this section the Bank s safeguards policiesand their applicability are discussed The World Bank Safeguard Policies are

Environmental Assessment OP BPNatural Habitats OP BPForests OP BPPest Management OPPhysical Cultural Resources OP BPIndigenous Peoples OP BPInvoluntary Resettlement OP BPSafety of Dams OP BPProjects on International Waters OP BPProjects in Disputed Areas OP BP

In preparing this ESMF a consideration of the type of future investments plannedvis à vis the baseline data presented in section and the requirements of the BankSafeguard policies has led to the determination that only the following Bank policiesare triggered

Environmental Assessment OP BPNatural Habitats OP BPPest Management OPInvoluntary Resettlement OP BPForests OPSafety of Dams OP BPProjects on International Waterways OP BP

A complete description of the bank safeguards and their triggers for applicabilitycan be found on the World Bank s official web site www worldbank org andsummarized in this chapter to be used as part of the Environmental and SocialManagement process presented in section of this ESMF


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Environmental Assessment OP BPThis policy requires environmental assessment EA of projects proposed for Bankfinancing to help ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable andthus to improve decision making The EA is a process whose breadth depth andtype of analysis depend on the nature scale and potential environmental impact ofthe proposed investments under the LVEMP II The EA process takes into accountthe natural environment air water and land human health and safety socialaspects involuntary resettlement indigenous peoples and cultural property andtransboundary and global environmental aspects

The environmental and social impacts of the LVEMP II will come from the proposedinvestment activities under Components and that will receive financingunder the LVEMP II However since the exact location of these investments will notbe identified before bank appraisal of the project the EA process calls for the GoR toprepare an Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMF

This report which will establish a mechanism to determine and assess futurepotential environmental and social impacts during implementation of LVEMP IIactivities and then to set out mitigation monitoring and institutional measures to betaken during operations of these activities to eliminate adverse environmental andsocial impacts offset them or reduce them to acceptable levels

Operational Policy further requires that the ESMF report must be disclosed as aseparate and stand alone document by the Government of Rwanda and the WorldBank as a condition for bank appraisal of the LVEMP II The disclosure should beboth in Rwanda where it can be accessed by the general public and localcommunities and at the Info shop of the World Bank and the date for disclosuremust precede the date for appraisal of the program

The policy further calls for the LVEMP II as a whole to be environmentally screenedto determine the extent and type of the EA process

As part of the EMF process proposed projects and subprojects under the LVEMP IIare to be designed at the local level to ensure that they are screened for potentialimpacts and that they comply with the requirements set out under World Banksafeguard policies


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The World Bank system assigns a project to one of three project categories asdefined below

Category A ProjectsA full EIA is always required for projects that are in this category and for whichimpacts are expected to be adverse sensitive irreversible and diverse withattributes such as pollutant discharges large enough to cause degradation of airwater or soil large scale physical disturbance of the site or surroundings extractionconsumption or conversion of substantial amounts of forests and other naturalresources measurable modification of hydrological cycles use of hazardousmaterials in more than incidental quantities and significant involuntarydisplacement of people or other significant social disturbances

Category B ProjectsAlthough an EIA is not always required some environmental analysis is necessaryand some form of environmental management plan should be prepared Category Bprojects have impacts that are less significant not as sensitive numerous major ordiverse Few if any impacts are irreversible and remedial measures can be moreeasily designed Typical projects include rehabilitation maintenance or upgradesrather than new construction

Category C ProjectsNo EIA or other analysis is required Category C projects result in negligible orminimal direct disturbance of the physical environment and biologicalOnly sub projects classified as category B or C will be eligible for financing underLVEMP II in Rwanda This ESMF sets out to establish the EA process to beundertaken for implementation of project activities in the proposed LVEMP II whenthey are being identified and implemented This process requires that LVEMP II andits implementing partners screen their activities to identify their potential adverseimpacts and thereby determine the corresponding mitigation measures toincorporate into their planned activities

Natural Habitats OP BPThe conservation of natural habitats like other measures that protect and enhancethe environment is essential for long term sustainable development The Banktherefore supports the protection maintenance and rehabilitation of naturalhabitats


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Natural Habitats are land and water areas where the ecosystems biologicalcommunities are formed largely by native plant and animal species and humanactivity has not essentially modified the areas primary ecological functions Allnatural habitats have important biological social economic and existence valueImportant habitats may occur in tropical humid dry and cloud forest temperateand boreal forest Mediterranean type shrub lands natural arid and semi arid landsmangrove swamps coastal marshes and other wetlands estuaries sea grass bedscoral reefs freshwater lakes and rivers alpine and sub alpine environmentsincluding herb fields grasslands and paramos and tropical and temperategrasslands

The policy may be triggered in certain cases by the LVEMP II sub project activitiesbecause the investments proposed under this project may have potential adverseimpacts on Rwanda s many lakes rivers and forests which are located within theLake Basin and immensely contribute to the sustainability of critical ecosystems Thenatural ecosystems of the lakes rivers and forests are known to support varyingdegrees of natural complexities of flora and fauna This policy may also be triggeredto indicate that a project will generate positive environmental impacts on naturalhabitats

The project will not finance activities involving the significant conversion of naturalhabitats If the environmental assessment indicates that a proposed sub projectwould significantly convert or degrade natural habitats the proposed sub projectwill not be elegible for financing under LVEMP II

Forests OPThis operational policy aims to reduce deforestation enhance the environmentalcontribution of forested areas promote forestation reduce poverty and encourageeconomic development

The policy recognizes the role forests play in poverty alleviation economicdevelopment and for providing local as well as global environmental servicesSuccess in establishing sustainable forest conservation and management practicesdepends not only on changing the behavior of all critical stakeholders but also on awide range of partnerships to accomplish what no country government agencydonor or interest group can do alone


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The forest strategy suggests three equally important and interdependent pillars toguide future Bank involvement with forests including harnessing the potential offorests to reduce poverty integrating forests in sustainable economic developmentand protecting vital local and global environmental services and forest values

This policy applies to the following types of Bank financed investment projectsa projects that have or may have impacts on the health and quality of

forestsb projects that affect the rights and welfare of people and their level of

dependence upon or interaction with forestsc projects that aim to bring about changes in the management

protection or utilization of natural forests or plantations whether theyare publicly privately or communally owned

The Bank does not finance projects that in its opinion would involve significantconversion or degradation of critical forest areas or related critical habitats If aproject involves the significant conversion or degradation of natural forests orrelated natural habitats that the Bank determines are not critical and the Bankdetermines that there are no feasible alternatives to the project and its sitting andcomprehensive analysis demonstrates that overall benefits from the projectsubstantially outweigh the environmental costs the Bank may finance the projectprovided that it incorporates appropriate mitigation measures The project activitiesthat is likely to have negative impacts on forests will not be funded under LVEMP II

Pest Management OPThe policy supports safe effective and environmentally sound pest management Itpromotes the use of biological and environmental control methods An assessment ismade of the capacity of the country s regulatory framework and institutions topromote and support safe effective and environmentally sound pest managementThe LVEMP II project components will trigger this policy especially those activitiesthat will focus on agriculture

In appraising a project that will involve pest management the Bank assesses thecapacity of the country s regulatory framework and institutions to promote andsupport safe effective and environmentally sound pest management As necessarythe Bank and the borrower incorporate in the project components to strengthen suchcapacity


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The Bank uses various means to assess pest management in the country and supportintegrated pest management IPM and the safe use of agricultural pesticideseconomic and sector work sectoral or project specific environmental assessmentsparticipatory IPM assessments and investment projects and components aimedspecifically at supporting the adoption and use of IPM

For World Bank funded agriculture projects pest populations are normallycontrolled through IPM approaches such as biological control cultural practicesand the development and use of crop varieties that are resistant or tolerant to thepest The Bank may finance the purchase of approved pesticides when their use isjustified under an IPM approach

An Integrated Pest Management Framework has been prepared for LVEMP II

Involuntary Resettlement OP BPThis policy covers direct economic and social impacts that both result from Bankassisted investment projects and are caused by a the involuntary taking of landresulting in i relocation or loss of shelter ii loss of assets or access to assets or iiiloss of income sources or means of livelihood whether or not the affected personsmust move to another location or b the involuntary restriction of access to legallydesignated parks and protected areas resulting in adverse impacts on the livelihoodsof the displaced persons For project activities that impact people and livelihoods inthis way LVEMP II will have to comply with the requirements of the disclosed RPFto comply with this policy This policy is triggered in situations involvinginvoluntary taking of land and involuntary restrictions of access to legallydesignated parks and protected areas

The policy aims to avoid involuntary resettlement to the extent feasible or tominimize and mitigate its adverse social and economic impacts This policy coversdirect economic and social impacts that both result from Bank assisted investmentprojects and are caused by the involuntary taking of land resulting in relocation orloss of shelter lost of assets or access to assets or loss of income sources or means oflivelihood This applies whether or not the affected persons must move to anotherlocation or the involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks andprotected areas resulting in adverse impacts on the livelihoods of the displacedpersons


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To address the impacts covered under this policy the proponent prepares aresettlement plan or a resettlement policy framework This framework covers thedevelopment of a resettlement plan or resettlement policy framework which mustinclude measures to ensure that the displaced persons are informed about theiroptions and rights pertaining to resettlement The displaced persons are consultedon offered choices among and provided with technically and economically feasibleresettlement alternatives and provided prompt and effective compensation at fullreplacement cost for losses of assets attributable directly to the project

To achieve the objectives of this policy particular attention is paid to the needs ofvulnerable groups among those displaced especially those below the poverty linethe landless the elderly women and children indigenous peoples ethnic minoritiesor other displaced persons who may not be protected through national andcompensation legislation

LVEMP II will make all possible efforts to avoid impacts on people land propertyincluding people s access to natural and other economic resources as far as possibleNotwithstanding land acquisition compensation and resettlement of people seemsinevitable in projects that will require land acquisition This social issue is of crucialconcern to the Government of Rwanda LVEMP II and the Bank as its impact onpoverty if left unmitigated is negative immediate and widespread Therefore OP

will be triggered in those cases

A separate Resettlement Policy Framework RPF was thus prepared by theGovernment of Rwanda and submitted for approval to the Bank in compliance withOP The RPF sets the guidelines for the Resettlement Action Plans RAPs thatwill be prepared if any subproject inevitably involves involuntary resettlement TheRAPS will be prepared by LVEMP II and its implementing partners and submittedto the Rwanda Environment Management Authority REMA for approval In somecases the World Bank reserves the right to also approve any RAP as a condition forthat particular project investment to be financed

Safety of Dams OP BPThis Policy requires that experienced and competent professionals design andsupervise the construction of dams and that the borrower adopts and implementsdam safety measures through the project cycle The policy also applies to existingdams where they influence the performance of a project In this case dam safety


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assessment should be carried out and necessary additional dam safety measuresimplemented

The policy distinguishes between small and large dams by defining small dams asthose normally less than meters in height This category includes for examplefarm ponds local silt retention dams and low embankment tanks Large dams are

meters or more in height Dams that are between and meters in height aretreated as large dams if they present special design complexities Dams undermeters in height are treated as large dams if they are expected to become large damsduring the operation of the facility For small dams generic dam safety measuresdesigned by qualified engineers are usually adequate For large dams which are notelegible for financing under LVEMP II the Bank requires

i Reviews by an independent panel of experts the Panel of the investigationdesign and construction of the dam and the start of operations

ii Preparation and implementation of detailed plans a plan for constructionsupervision and quality assurance an instrumentation plan an operation andmaintenance plan and an emergency preparedness plan

iii Prequalification of bidders during procurement and bid tenderingiv Periodic safety inspections of the dam after completion

Projects on International Waterways OP BPThe Bank recognizes that the cooperation and good will of riparians is essential forthe efficient utilization and protection of international waterways and attaches greatimportance to riparians making appropriate agreements or arrangement for theentire waterway or any part thereof Projects that trigger this policy includehydroelectric irrigation flood control navigation drainage water and sewerageindustrial and similar projects that involve the use or potential pollution ofinternational waterways This policy will apply for the LVEMP II due to the premisethat the Lake Victoria basin is a shared ecosystem water way among countriesnamely Kenya Uganda Tanzania Rwanda and Burundi

This policy relates to the relations between the riparian states Therefore the Bankattaches great importance to the riparian making appropriate agreements orarrangements for the entire waterway or parts thereof and stands ready to assist inthis regard This project is being undertaken in international waters thus the policy istriggered The Lake Victoria is an important water body that is used by thedownstream riparian countries of Uganda Kenya and Tanzania


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In the absence of such agreements or arrangements the Bank requires as a generalrule that the prospective borrower or grant recipient notifies the other ripariansabout the proposed project The policy lays down detailed procedures for thenotification requirement including the role of the Bank in affecting the notificationperiod of reply and the procedures in case there is an objection by one of the riparianto the project

The policy applies to any river canal lake or similar body of water that forms aboundary between or any river or body of surface water that flows through two ormore states whether World Bank members or not It also includes any tributary orother body of surface water any bay gulf strait or channel bounded by two or morestates or if within one state recognized as a necessary channel of communicationbetween the open sea and other states and any river flowing in to such waters

The policy applies to hydroelectric irrigation flood control navigation drainagewater and sewerage industrial and similar projects that involve the use or potentialpollution of international waterways The policy recognizes prior riparian statesagreements Arrangements such as the Nile Basin which the project falls under Thepolicy also calls for notification of riparian states by parties that proposes toundertake project that affects international waters

The LVEMP II is implemented under the East African Community which provides aprudent framework agreement for addressing any issues in regard to issues withinthe Lake Victoria Further to this the EAC states are also part of the Nile BasinInitiative another governmental agreement between all the Nile states and thusprovides a platform for any agreements in the Lake Victoria transboundary basin


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Table Summary of Triggered World Bank Safeguards Policies

Safeguard policy DescriptionOP BPEnvironmentalAssessment

EA to be conducted for all sub projects classified as Category Baccording to the criteria specified in the policy Category Asub projects will not be eligible for financing under LVEMP II

OP BPForests

For LVEMP II the requirements of this policy overlap withthose of the Natural Habitats policy since the project will notfinance sub projects that involve commercial timber operationsIn areas with forests of high ecological value the Bank financesonly conservation activities and light non timber use of forestareas

OP BPNaturalHabitat

The conservation of natural habitat is essential for long termsustainable development The Bank supports and expectsborrowers to apply a precautionary approach to naturalresources management to ensure opportunities forenvironmentally sustainable development The Bank does notsupport projects that involve the significant conservation ordegradation of critical natural habitats Sub projects involvingsignificant degradation of natural habitats will not be eligiblefor financing under LVEMP II

OPPestManagement

In Bank financed operations pest populations are normallycontrolled through IPM approaches such as biological controlcultural practices and the development and use of cropvarieties resistant or tolerant to the pestThe Bank may finance the purchase of approved pesticideswhen their use is justified under an IPM approach

OP BPInvoluntaryResettlement

People who have to be removed or who lose their livelihood asa result of the project must be resettled compensated for all oftheir losses and they must be provided with a situation that isat least as good as the one they had before the project

OP BPSafety of Dams

Small dams financed under LVEMP II must be designed andbuilt under the supervision of expert and competentprofessionals Dams classified as large according to thecriteria specified in the policy will not be eligible for financingunder LVEMP II

OP BPInternational

If a project has the potential to negatively affect the quality orquantity of water of a waterway shared with other nations the


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Safeguard policy DescriptionWaterways Bank requires that all riparian states be informed of the

proposed project

International ConventionsRwanda being a signatory to some of the international conventions that are relevantto the LVEMP it s imperative that proposed LVEMP II sub projects and activities arescreened in light of the commitments made under such conventions

United Nations Convention on Biological ConventionThe three goals of the CBD are to promote the conservation of biodiversity thesustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of benefitsarising out of the utilization of genetic resources Rwanda being a signatory of thisconvention it s supposed to work towards the achievement of the three goals

The convention calls for the adoption of national strategies plans and programmesfor the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity into their relevantsectoral and cross sectional plans programmes and policies One of the tools that areprescribed for the management of biodiversity is environmental assessment Article

of the convention deals with impact assessment and minimizing ofadverseimpacts of activities that are likely to cause significant adverse effects onbiological diversity

Ramsar Convention on WetlandsThe Convention on Wetlands is an intergovernmental treaty which provides theframework for national action and international cooperation for the conservationand wise use of wetlands and their resourcesThere are presently Contracting Parties to the Convention with wetlandsites The Convention calls for governments to provide framework for nationalaction and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlandsand their resources Though none of the wetlands of Rwanda are designated Ramsarsite many could qualify as potential candidates

Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses andInternational LakesThe Convention of the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses andInternational Lakes Water Convention is intended to strengthen national measuresfor the protection and ecologically sound management of transboundary surface


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waters and groundwater The Convention obliges Parties to prevent control andreduce water pollution from point and non point sources The Convention alsoincludes provisions for monitoring research and development consultationswarning and alarm systems mutual assistance institutional arrangements and theexchange and protection of information as well as public access to information

This convention is important to the project due to Rwanda s water contribution tointernational water bodies and course of Nile River and the Lake Victoria More sobecause many of the project marshlands contribute or flow into the Nile river watercourse

The Convention obliges Parties to prevent control and reduce water pollution frompoint and non point sources The Convention also includes provisions formonitoring research and development consultations warning and alarm systemsmutual assistance institutional arrangements and the exchange and protection ofinformation as well as public access to information Article of the convention callsfor the application of environmental impact assessment and other means ofassessment for the prevention control and reduction of water pollution totransboundary watercourses and international lakes

Convention on the Conservation of Migratory SpeciesThe convention on migratory species CMS was adopted to conserve migratoryspecies of wild animals given that migratory species are seen as an internationalresource Such species may be terrestrial or marine The conventions agreement onthe conservation of African Eurasian migratory water birds is specific on the need toprotect the feeding breeding and wintering habitats the main ones being wetlandsand open water bodies The convention is relevant due to presence of migratory birdspecies and other aquatic organisms within some of the subproject areas

World Commission in DamsThe World Commission on Dams WCD was set up in by the World Bank andthe World Conservation Union IUCN The commission represented allstakeholders involved in the dams debate including industry governments waterresource managers and dams affected people

The International Commission on Large Dams ICOLD defines a large dam as beingover m high The definition also includes dams between m high with areservoir exceeding million cubic meters The commission gives a clear guidelines


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and recommendations for decision makers aimed at safeguarding rights reducingthe risk of conflicts and lowering overall costs including social and environmentalones The report also proposed improved management of existing dams in order tominimise environmental and social impacts Even though the commission is more onlarge dams or was created to address the issues of large dams LVEMPII can usesome of the best practice and guidelines to guide in the implementation of itssubprojects activities in dam construction

Nile TreatiesThere are about eleven treaties dealing with the consumptive use of the waters ofRiver Nile and Lake Victoria The riparian countries are under limited obligationsunder general international law to permit the lower riparian States an equitableshare of the water but then the exact modalities would be subject to freshnegotiations The Nile Basin Initiative is currently addressing the issue of equitableutilization of the common Nile Basin water resources

The Nile Basin Initiative seeks to harness the tremendous potential of the Nile for thebenefit of the people of the Basin both for now and for generations to come Thisbecomes a major challenge because as economic development acceleratespopulation increases and demand for water growsNile Basin Initiative s Shared Vision puts economic development at its centre TheShared Vision is To achieve sustainable socio economic development through the equitableutilization of and benefits from the common Nile Basin water resources or in shortSustainable development of the River Nile for the benefit of all

EAC Protocol on EnvironmentThe protocol was signed by the Partner States of the East African Community onth November It has relevant provisions for environmental and social

management for the project

Article Paragraph provides that Partners States should promote sustainableutilization of water resources while taking into consideration factors such as ecologygeographic climatic hydrologic factors among others the social and economicneeds of each Partner States the population dependent on the water resourcesexisting potential uses of the water resources

Article Paragraph identifies the protection and conservation of the basin and itsecosystem with emphasis on improving water quality and quantity preventing the


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introduction of invasive species conservation of biological diversity and forestresources protection and conservation of wetlands and fisheries resourcesconservation Part of the article provides for the harmonization of laws and policiesfor stakeholder participation in protection conservation and rehabilitationSustainable agriculture and land use practices to achieve food security and rationalagricultural production is provided for in Article

Article of the Protocol urges Partner States to develop national laws andregulations requiring project proponents to undertake EIA and review of EIAreports to be done by all the Partner States if the potential impacts are likely to betrans boundary and the same to apply for Environmental Audits in ArticlePartner states should ensure control of pollution from non point sources throughlegal economic and social measures This is provided for in Article which furtherstates that pollution control measures should promote sustainable forestry practicesappropriate agricultural land use methods sanitation and hygiene within the basinPublic participation is provided for in Article which should be enhanced toinfluence government decisions on project formulation and implementation

Article of the Protocol provides that Partner States should promote Communityinvolvement and mainstreaming gender concerns at all levels of socio economicdevelopment especially in decision making policy formulation and implementationof projects and programmes

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCCThe United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCCprovides the basis for global action to protect the climate system for present andfuture generations

The Convention on Climate Change sets an overall framework forintergovernmental efforts to tackle the challenge posed by climate change Itrecognizes that the climate system is a shared resource whose stability can beaffected by industrial and other emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhousegases The Convention enjoys near universal membership with countries havingratified

The ultimate objective of this Convention and any related legal instruments that theConference of the Parties may adopt is to achieve in accordance with the relevantprovisions of the Convention stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the


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atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interferencewith the climate system Such a level should be achieved within a time framesufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change to ensure thatfood production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceedin a sustainable manner

Under the Convention governmentsGather and share information on greenhouse gas emissionsnational policies and best practicesLaunch national strategies for addressing greenhouse gasemissions and adapting to expected impacts including theprovision of financial and technological support to developingcountriesCooperate in preparing for adaptation to the impacts of climatechange

The proposed projects in the LVEMP II will assist in the implementation of thespecific requirements of the convention

United Nations Convention to Combat DesertificationThe objective of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification UNCCDis to combat desertification and to mitigate the effects of droughts in seriouslyaffected countries especially those in Africa It seeks to achieve this objectivethrough integrated approaches to development supported by internationalcooperation and partnership arrangements in affected areas It lays LVEMP Iemphasis on long term strategies to focus on improved productivity of land and therehabilitation conservation and sustainable management of land and waterresources leading to improved living conditions in particular at the communitylevel The proposed project is designed to implement the requirements of theUNCDD

Table below indicates the date of signature and the date of ratification of someinternational treaties and agreements relevant to environment


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Table International agreements ratified by Rwanda

Agreement Date of signature Date of ratification

Agreement on the biological diversity

Agreement Context of the UnitedNATIONS on the climate changes

Agreement related to the fight againstdesertification

The agreement Vienna on the protectionof the ozone layer

Agreement of Ramsar related to humidzones of international importanceparticularly the wild housing

International Agreement for the trade ofthe species in the process ofdisappearance IATSPD

Conservation Agreement of the animalsof the migrating wild species CMS

African Agreement on the natureconservation and natural resources

These treaties and international agreements are relevant for the protection and theconservation of the environment and in particular the biodiversity in Rwandatogether with the mobilization of funds as well at the bilateral and multilateral level

Environmental InstitutionsIn Rwanda the implementation of natural resources management policies andsectoral strategies involves several stakeholders including government stateinstitutions NGOs civil society the private sector decentralised entities and donorsLikewise at regional levels many actors in the five member countries are involvedin carrying out environmental management interventions at different levels usingdifferent modalities and applying different standards In order to co ordinate andharmonise different management approaches besides policies laws regulations


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and standards among the Partner States the Lake Victoria Basin Commission wasestablished under Article of the LVBC Protocol

The Lake Victoria Basin Commission LVBCLVBC is a regional institution which was established by the Council of Ministers asprovided by Article of the protocol The main objectives of the Commission are topromote equitable economic growth measures aimed at eradicating povertysustainable utilization and management of natural resources the protection of theenvironment within the Lake Victoria Basin and compliance on safety of navigationThe broad functions of the Commission are to promote facilitate and coordinateactivities of different actors towards sustainable development and povertyeradication of the Lake Victoria Basin

Ministry of Environment and Lands MINELAMINELA is a multisectoral ministry covering five sectors Lands Water andSanitation Forestry Mines and Geology and Environment MINELA is responsiblefor the development of policies laws and regulations as well as coordination of theall activities in the management of land water forestry mining and quarrying andenvironment as well as their follow up and evaluation

MINELA which is focal point Ministry for LVEMP is also responsible for promotingprivate sector investments in natural resource protection activities developingresearch for improved knowledge of the wealth of the country s subsoil andappropriate exploitation technologies putting in place mechanisms to facilitateaccess of the population to clean drinking water and sanitation infrastructurecoordinating all the activities for better management of natural resourcesinstitutional capacity building for decentralized entities in natural resourcemanagement both at the central and local level

Other Key MinistriesThe responsibility of NRM is shared with a number of line ministries includinghydroelectricity and transport health and hygiene agriculture and irrigationplanning finance and other ministerial institutions These include

• MINAGRI sets national policies on agriculture livestock and fisheries andprovides guidelines and standards for land use management includingterracing MINAGRI is also charged with development of arable land foragricultural production and animal husbandry The Ministry works closely


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with RADA and RARDA which provide technical support and regulatoryoversight in the procurement and distribution of livestock for beneficiarycommunities

• MINALOC Under the framework of decentralization MINALOC overseesthe implementation of the decentralization process as well as relevantcommunity and social protection programmes This Ministry is alsoresponsible for environment governance and therefore for mobilizing thepublic to participate in the management and protection of natural resourcesThe National Decentralization Policy adopted in May holds localpopulations responsible for managing resources including natural resourcesDistricts are responsible for production and protection of water tourism andthe environment Similarly cities towns and municipalities are responsiblefor land and environmental management urban planning road maintenancemaintenance of protected and recreational areas and providing drinkingwater sanitation and waste treatment and disposal

MINALOC is over seeing various community environment managementrelated programmes in the districts These include Vision UmurengeHIMO Ubudehe and CDF which involve poor communities to participate invarious initiatives aimed at enhancing their income For instance underUmurenge the poorest categories are identified and supported to engage inactivities that increase agricultural and livestock productivity These includeterracing schemes supplying new crop and livestock technologies improvingthe post harvest environment storage processing and providing access tofinancial services These activities are identified through the Ubudehe exerciseand are being implemented at the village umudugudu level under themanagement and coordination of the Umurenge in collaboration with theDistrict authorities Under the same arrangement the poor are employed inpublic works HIMO in order to earn income some of which is saved so thatthey can access micro credit and start income generating activities

• MINICOM sets policy for trade tourism and cooperatives and industriesincluding small scale artisans MINICOM is responsible for the promotion ofindustries trade and organization of agro livestock production cooperativesand management of protected tourism areas The Ministry promotes exportand marketing of handcraft and tourism as well development and regulationo cooperatives and rural association MINCOM is therefore charged with


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integrating environment in trade and industrial policies and strategiesincluding promotion of export trade of handcraft and tourism promotion ofcooperative and rural associations

• MININFRA is responsible for setting policies related to energy urbanizationand settlements road and communication infrastructure Meteorology UrbanWater supply MININFRA oversees the resettlement of people who aredisplaced from within metres of the Lakes and River banks The Ministry isalso charged with constructing infrastructures that protect river banks andstreams Besides organizing human settlement MININFRA has the mandatefor town planning public infrastructure and transport the management ofwater supply as well as actions to encourage water harvesting in thesettlement and housing sector

• MINECOFIN is responsible for Macroeconomic policy instruments resourcemobilization and coordination of development partners and allocation ofbudgets to different Ministries and sectors MINECOFIN is also charged withoverseeing and advising on the formation of various Funds including theEnvironment and Forestry Funds It is also concerned with mainstreamingnatural resources concerns in the budgetary PRSP and DDP processes

• MINIJUST is the lead Ministry responsible for development and advising onformulation of laws and regulations in the country The Ministry oversees theformulation and enactment of various laws and regulations including thosethat are pertinent to the ENR sectors It is charged with advising andfollowing up regional laws including the domestication of EAC treaty aswell as providing advisory and legal support pertinent to conflicts resolution

• MIGEPROFE sets policies and guidelines for mainstreaming gender informulation and implementation of central and local governmentsprogrammes The Ministry is mandated to guide MININERA and localgovernments to mainstream gender related issues in natural resourcemanagement and mobilize communities women men and youth in theactivities of natural resource protection and management

• MINISANTE is responsible for development and overseeing theimplementation of Environmental health related programmes that mitigatewater borne diseases malnutrition and HIV AIDS The Ministry is alsoconcerned with promoting of hygiene among the population developing


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policies strategies and guidelines for sanitation as well as medical wastedisposal and treatment

• MINEDUC is responsible for training human resources in the managementand protection of natural resources It oversees the implementation ofenvironmental education programmes in schools by supportingEnvironmental Clubs as well as initiating the process of mainstreamingenvironment into schools

• MINIFOM is responsible of policy formulation of Forest and Mines Itoversees the implementation of forests activities and mines exploitation

Rwanda Environment Management Authority REMAIn Rwanda Environment Management Authority REMA was established toact as the implementation organ of environment related policies and laws REMA isalso tasked to coordinate different environmental protection activities undertaken byenvironmental promotion agencies to promote the integration of environmentalissues in development policies projects plans and programmes to coordinateimplementation of Government policies and decisions taken by the Board ofDirectors and ensure the integration of environmental issues in national planningamong concerned departments and institutions within the Government to advisethe Government with regard to the legislation and other measures relating toenvironmental management or implementation of conventions treaties andinternational agreements relevant to the field of environment as and whennecessary to make proposals to the Government in the field of environmentalpolicies and strategies

Office de Géologie et des Mines du Rwanda OGMROGMR was established in for the purpose to perform the followingresponsibilities

To conduct survey in geology and mining basing on the national priorities

To promote appropriate technologies aimed at development of geology andmining to establish value of mining products and quarries

To supervise and monitor private and public mining trade and value addedand mining


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5.4.6. National Lands Centre The National Lands Centre has been recently established and is expected to be theengine for land administration and management both at the national anddecentralised level

Rwanda Electricity Corporation and Rwanda Water and sanitationCorporation RECO RWASCORECO RWASCO is responsible for improving access and services with respect tosafe water and sanitation in urban areas It is also concerned with the protection ofwatersheds for sustainable generation of hydro power and supply of water to urbanauthorities RECO RWASCO is also concerned with electricity connectivity to ruraland urban poor communities within the LVB as well as sustainable supply of waterand electric energy utilities

RDB Rwanda Development BoardRDB is responsible for Policies and strategies that promote tourism It is alsoresponsible for generating and management of information on tourism potentials inand around protected areas and other potential sites for tourism within the LVBThis includes generating spatial information on planning monitoring andmanagement of ecosystems

RDB is spear heading the establishment and implementing of collaborativemanagement regimes in protected areas which encompasses improving access towildlife resources and revenue sharing between communities local authorities andcentral treasury Collaborative management is geared towards curbing Illegalhunting poaching with a view to protect endangered species

Provincial District and Lower level Environmental CommitteesThe Rwandan National Environment Policy of also proposed the establishmentof provincial district and lower level environmental committees beside theestablishment of REMA responsible for environmental protection

Integrated Management of Critical Ecosystems IMCE ProjectThe objective of the project is to promote the adoption of integrated ecosystemmanagement in agricultural landscapes particularly in the rehabilitation of farmedwetlands and hill side areas The IMCE project as funded by Global Environmentfacility GEF covers incremental costs through incentives technical skills financialsupport and institutional support to farmers and farmer organizations with the aim


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to induce a widespread adoption of soil and water conservation technologies andother sustainable land and wetland management technologies on and off farm Bypromoting these productivity enhancing and environmentally friendly farmingtechnologies the IMCE aim to increase food production and rural income Inaddition to improving the livelihood of farming communities the project objective isto ensure a better protection of the natural resource base through the promotion ofan integrated approach to land resource management that supports therehabilitation of degraded wetlands hill sides and catchment areas and theformulation and implementation of community based conservation plans forselected wetlands

5.4.11. NAFA (National Forestry Authority)

NAFA is in charge of supervision following up and ensuring that issues relating toforetsry receive attention in all national development plans

In particular NAFA s responsibilities are to participating in designing the policiesand strategies relating to forestry as well as promoting agroforestry and ensuring theimplementation of such policies and strategies advising the Government onpolicies strategies and legislation related to the forestry management as well as tothe implementation of international conventions relating to the forestry and to theprotection of natural resources such as land water and forest biodiversity in forestryarea supporting organs that are in charge of fighting soil erosion with the aim ofsafeguarding forestry and environment preparing national programs in matters ofreforestation forestry management and helping Districts to prepare their ownforestry management and processing and supervising the implementation of suchprograms advising assisting and encouraging private sector stakeholders inparticipating in activities of reforestation their effective management and to makethem productive making and updating the list of tree species to be planted in thecountry and their respective suitable areas according to the type of soil and theaccording to the type of soil and the expected usage of such trees and provide adviceand instructions with regard to the species of the trees or related products to beimported or exported ensuring the management and exploitation of public forestresources undertaking research investigations studies and other relevant activitieswith regard to the importance of forestry in the national economy and to theexploitation of forestry related products and disseminating the findingsdisseminating research findings on technology of planting trees in land forcultivation and in pastures and in specific reforestation effecient maintenance of the


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forests and utilization of such resource to income generation rational utilisation ofthe forests and related products and in collecting all the data on forestry and relatedproducts preparing technical norms for activities related to reforestation protectionand rational utilisation of forests as well as adding value to forestry productsevaluating and closely monitoring development programs in order to adhere to thestandards in the management and rational utilization of forests


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ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENTFRAMEWORK FOR LVEMP II

Objectives of the EMSFThe objective of this ESMF is to provide an overall framework for environmental andsocial management of the planned project activities under LVEMP II in Rwanda andshould be used as a practical tool during project implementation It explicitlydescribes the steps to be undertaken in the selection and implementation ofsubprojects to be supported under LVEMP II so that any identified potentialnegative environmental and socio economic impacts can be properly managedThe ESMF is to ensure that the implementation of LVEMP II will be carried out in anenvironmentally and socially sustainable manner It also provides a framework toenable communities beneficiaries to screen sub projects and institutionalmechanisms and responsibilities to address adverse environmental and socialimpacts

Specific Objectives of ESMFThe specific objectives of this ESMF are

To establish clear procedures and methodologies for taking into considerationenvironmental and social issues during the planning review approval andimplementation of subprojects to be financed under the projectTo prescribe project arrangements for the preparation and implementation ofsubprojects in order to adequately address World Bank safeguard issuesTo assess the potential environmental and social impacts of envisagedsubprojects

Potential Positive LVEMP II Environmental and Social Impacts

Overall the LVEMP II is likely to have a positive impact on the environment in theLake Victoria basin both in the short medium and long term for the followingreasons

• Lake Victoria is a shared trans boundary resource of Kenya Tanzania andUganda Rwanda and Burundi are a part of the upper watershed that drainsinto Lake Victoria through the Kagera River In addition to its environmentalvalues including biodiversity and the hydrological cycle Lake Victoriasupports a large fishing industry for export and local consumptionhydropower production drinking and irrigation water lake transport and


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tourism These benefits are threatened by environmental degradationmanifest in reduced fish stocks decline of biodiversity increasedsedimentation and nutrient loads which cause eutrophication increasedwastes from industrial municipal and mining activities destruction ofwetlands and loss of littoral habitat and variable water levels

a Improving governance for management LVB ecosystem and resources• Some of the direct benefits of the project will include the strengthening ofregional and national institutions for coordination of sustainablemanagement of the trans boundary Lake Victoria basin resources

b Environmental benefits

• LVEMP II will have positive environmental impacts in the form of improvedwater and soil quality due to reduced erosion rates in project areas

• The biodiversity will be improved through forestation activities andconservation of aquatic biodiversity including some targeted fish specieshence the climate regulation pollution will be reduced

• Improved more sustainable agricultural practices watershed managementreforestation etc

c) Social benefits

• The LVEMP II project would have positive socio economic impacts throughthe creation of permanent temporary jobs and associated revenues for thepopulation living in the project zone during the implementation of LVEMP IIAccess to clean and safe water access to improved health and sanitation

• environmentally friendly investments in the Lake Victoria Basin• Increased national and local government capacity for sustainable planning and use of

natural resources in LVB.

Adverse LVEMP II Environmental and Social Concerns

The adverse LVEMP II Environmental and Social concerns are clustered into thesector specific issues such as Ecological impacts and land degradation potentialsource of pollution and pest management However the broad categories includeinto localized and cumulative as described below


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Localized ImpactsMost of the developments or subprojects planned under the LVEMP II Project willvary from medium to small in scale Consequently the significance of the directnegative environmental and social impacts is likely to be relatively small andlocalized All the activities planned under the project will have significant positiveenvironmental impacts especially when considering the integrated ecosystemmanagement of catchments However some of subprojects may entail negativeenvironmental and social impacts including

9 Intensification of agricultural activities may likely introduce new speciessome of which may be invasive

9 Impacts on Biodiversity ecosystem disruption encroachment on wetlanduse with potential climate regulation impacts

9 increased use of agro chemicals that often associated with intensiveagricultural practices

9 Agriculture and livestock development in the fringe of Protected Areas canalso increase human wildlife conflicts

9 Rehabilitation of degraded areas may limit community access to some naturalresources

Engineering works for the new infrastructures will sometimes affect natural habitats such as wetlands

9 Rehabilitation works will require demolition of existing infrastructure andwill generate rubble and waste that will need to be disposed of properly

9 Engineering works for new infrastructures as well as rehabilitation worksmay temporarily affect the communities both physically air and waterpollution nuisance and contamination access to natural resources etc andsocio economically land use income generation and mobility Improvedwater and sanitation services will require additional water abstraction whichmay affect ground and surface water regimes both inside and outside theproject impact areas

9 Some project activities may result in increases in waste generation

Cumulative ImpactsThe sum of impacts from implementation of many subprojects in an area may resultin cumulative impacts on natural resources Cumulative impacts are those that mayresult from individual small scale activities with minimal impacts but which overtime can combine to have a significant impact Cumulative impacts can also be


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defined as impacts that potentially develop from the combined impacts of more thanone subproject Examples include

9 Deforestation due to exploitation of forest resources for such use asfirewood charcoal and construction materials

9 Deforestation on large scale may lead to watershed dysfunctionmicro climate changes and

9 Upstream development which may have downstream impacts suchas increase in erosion sedimentation and eutrophication

9 Illegal poaching of wildlife due to expansion of land undercultivation or increased proximity to protected areas

9 Attraction of immigrant populations to communities that have improvedproduction systems and social infrastructure High influxes of people willresult into depletion of natural resources pollution of public waters anddegradation of soils Consequently several environmental components maybe affected in one way or another by such activities

9 Migration of animal species may have adverse socio economic impactsincluding human animal conflicts tourism resulting from speciesdisplacements etc

9 Intensive interactions of people could lead into social and healthproblems such as spread of communicable diseases creating a highpressure on social and health services especially accessing fewavailable medical services

Ecological Impacts and Land DegradationA number of the proposed activities in the subprojects can lead to both localized andcumulative impacts on biodiversity natural habitats wetlands soil and waterquality Land degradation may arise due to subprojects that involve intensificationof agriculture

Potential Sources of PollutionIntensification of agricultural activities may lead to increased use of organic manureand agro chemicals such as inorganic fertilizers and pesticides in projectintervention areas They can cause pollution especially due to surface runoff intoadjacent watercourses including infiltration into groundwater The investment inpublic infrastructure could also lead to pollution if poorly designed or sited


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Pest Management In all instances where high input dependent crop pest practices are adoptedpesticide misuse is known to be common and results in the following impacts

• Destruction of crop pollinators leading to poor crop yields• Elimination of the natural enemies of crop pests and consequent loss of

natural pest control that keeps the populations of crop pests very low• Development of pest resistance to pesticides encouraging further increases in

the use of chemical pesticides• Contamination of the soil and water bodies•• Proliferation of aquatic weeds• Pesticide poisoning of farmers and deleterious effects on human health• Unacceptable levels of pesticide residues in harvested produce and in the

food chain• Toxicity and Loss of biodiversity in the environment particularly to fish and

birds and other aquatic non target species

6.5. Environmental and Social Screening Process

The section below illustrates the steps involved during environmental and socialscreening process leading to the review and approval of Rwanda sub projects underthe LVEMP II The screening process intends to

Determine potential impacts of selected subprojects as to whetherthey are likely to cause negative environmental and social impacts

Determine appropriate mitigation measures for activities withadverse impacts

Incorporate mitigation measures into project designReview and approve project proposalsMonitor environmental and social parameters during project

implementation

The classification of each subproject under the appropriate environmental categorywill be based on the provisions of the World Bank Operational Policy onEnvironmental Assessment OP The environmental and social screening ofeach proposed sub project will result in its classification in one of the threecategories A B or C depending on the type location sensitivity and scale of the


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subproject and the nature and the magnitude of its potential environmental andsocial impact

Category A Any project which is likely to have significant adverseenvironmental and social impacts that are sensitive diverse or unprecedentedThe impacts under this category affect broader area than the sites or facilitiessubject to physical works This category is equivalent to Impact Level IL inRwanda s General Guidelines for EIA No category A subprojects will beeligible for financing under LVEMP II in Rwanda

Category B Any project which is likely to have potential adverseenvironmental and social impacts which are less adverse than those ofcategory A projects on human populations or environmentally important areasincluding wetlands forests grasslands and any other natural habitat Theimpacts are usually site specific few or none of them are irreversible and mostof them are mitigated more readily than impacts from category A subprojectsThis category is equivalent to Impact Level IL in Rwanda s GeneralGuidelines for EIA

Category C Any project which is likely to have minimal or noadverse environmental and social impacts Beyond screening no further EAaction is required This category is equivalent to Impact Level IL inRwanda s General Guidelines for EIA

The extent of environmental work that might be required for sub projects prior toimplementation will depend on the outcome of the screening process describedbelow

Step Screening of Project Activities and SitesThe initial environmental and social screening will be carried out through the use ofthe Project Screening Criteria Form PSCF used by REMA Annex This form willbe completed by the District Environmental Officer DEO from REMA assisted bysector specific committees as found necessary for the purposes of identifying thepotential environmental and social impacts determining their significance assigningthe appropriate environmental category proposing appropriate environmental andsocial impact mitigation measures and carrying out Environmental ImpactAssessments EIAs if necessary


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The environmental screening procedure can lead to one of the following decisions

9 Elimination of category A subprojects from the subproject approval process9 For subprojects classified as category B it will be required that the

appropriate level of environmental and social impact assessment be carriedout and Environmental Management Plan be prepared

9 For subprojects classified as category C no further environmental and socialassessment will be required

9 For pollution control plans feasibility studies and engineering designs forfuture wastewater treatment facilities to be financed under Component thestudies and designs don t cause any direct social or environmental impactseither positive or negative However future implementation of such planswith other sources of funds could generate potential Category B or maybeeven Category A impacts For this reason any feasibility studies andengineering designs financed under LVEMP II will follow therecommendation of OP in addition to any determinations under Rwandaenvironmental legislation as if future investments would be financed by theWorld Bank This will ensure that World Bank safeguard policies standardswill be applied to all activities supported by LVEMP II

In addition in case subprojects trigger World Bank Operational Policies on NaturalHabitats OP Safety of Dams OP and or Involuntary Resettlement OP

the following measures are required

9 The project will not finance any activities that involve the significantconversion or degradation of critical natural habitat according to thedefinitions in OP

9 The project will not finance any activities involving the significant conversionof natural habitats unless there are no feasible alternatives for the project andits siting and comprehensive analysis demonstrates that overall benefits fromthe project substantially outweigh the environmental costs In case a projectwould significantly convert or degrade natural habitats the project developsmitigation and compensation measures including the minimization of habitatloss Appropriate environmental expertise shall be secured to ensureadequate design and implementation of mitigation measures

9 Wherever a small dam according to the definitions in OP e g farmponds local silt retention dams and low embankment tanks is to beconstructed generic dam safety measures will be incorporated into the


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engineering design and the construction phase as determined and supervisedby qualified engineers

9 The project will also prepare and implement a plan for constructionsupervision and quality assurance an instrumentation plan an operation andmaintenance plan and an emergency preparedness plan

9 In case the project may result in involuntary resettlement then theresettlement procedures shall be instituted through the preparation of a sitespecific Resettlement Action Plan RAP as provided for in the ResettlementPolicy Framework RPF

Step Re categorize activities according to expected Environmentaland Social impactThe assignment of the appropriate environmental category will be based on theprovisions of the World Bank Operational Policy on Environmental Assessment OP

Rwanda s EIA guidelines are consistent with the Environmental and SocialImpact screening categories contained in OP

With regard to subprojects to be financed under LVEMP II it is likely that most willbe categorized as B IL Some subprojects categorized as B IL will require EIAsthat need to be approved by both REMA and the World Bank through normalprocedures prior to the commencement of activities

Some projects might be categorised as C IL if the environmental and socialscreening results indicate that the projects will have no or minimal environmentaland social impacts and therefore do not require additional environmental workThus if the screening form has only No entries the project will not require furtherenvironmental work and the District Environmental Officer DEO will recommendapproval of the project to REMA and implementation can proceed

All implementers will have to pay particular attention to projects such asconstruction in catchment basins within declared conservation areas effluentdischarges and the rehabilitation and expansion of existing schemes

Step Environmental and Social Field workThe analysis of the Project Screening Criteria Form PSCF categorizes the subproject and therefore identifies the scope of the environmental work required Atthis point the DEO will make one of the following recommendations to REMA a


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no environmental work will be required b the implementation of simplemitigation measures will be enough or c a separate EIA should be carried out

Based on the recommendation arising from the screening process the followingenvironmental work can be carried out

a Use of Environmental and Social Check List ESCL Annex forsubprojects assigned as Category B IL The District Environmental OfficerDEO would fill out the ESCL This document will then be scrutinized andamended by qualified personnel based on the requirements of the subprojectbeing assessed An Environmental Management Plan EMP will be preparedto i identify the set of responses to potentially adverse impacts iidetermine requirements for ensuring that those responses are madeeffectively and in a timely manner and iii describe the means for meetingthose requirements Where the screening process identifies the need for landacquisition qualified consultants would prepare a Resettlement Action PlanRAP in accordance with WB OP and the Involuntary ResettlementPolicy Framework IRPF

Step Review and Approval of the Screening ActivityREMA will review the environmental and social screening results as well as theenvironmental checklists that were completed in the course of project preparation toensure that all environmental and social impacts have been identified andsuccessfully addressed

If the screening form has any Yes entries or unjustified No entries theapplication would need to adequately explain and demonstrate that the issues raisedhave been addressed appropriately The National Technical Advisory CommitteeNTAC must ensure that subproject designs include adequate monitoring andinstitutional arrangements for implementation of mitigation measures

If REMA finds that the submitted design is not consistent with the requirements ofthe environmental screening form or the environmental checklist then the projectimplementer would be requested to re design the project e g make additionalmodifications and or choose other sites Any proposed projects that do not complywith the requirements of Rwanda and the World Bank Safeguards policies will notbe cleared for implementation


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If REMA the National Technical Advisory Committee NTAC and National ProjectCoordination Team NPCT are satisfied that the designs project proposals areenvironmentally and socially compliant they will be submitted to the LocalGovernment LG at the Village levels for disclosure The project documentationmust be accompanied by the completed environmental and social screening formsand where applicable the RAP

If the application is seen to satisfactorily address all environmental and social issuesthe National Technical Advisory Committee NTAC will then clear the project andrecommend its approval while informing the focal point ministry subsequently theNational Technical Advisory Committee NTAC will recommend the project to theDistrict Council for approval

For projects which require construction rehabilitation works the District Councilwill give a conditional approval for detailed planning construction and operation ofthe investment These conditions may include for example such measures as publicinvolvement siting or routing restrictions construction and operation practicesrestoration of disturbed areas the complete implementation of a resettlement actionplan and or construction supervision to ensure the approval conditions are beingfollowed See Environmental Guidelines for Contractors in Annex

Step Public Consultation and DisclosureIn line with transparency principles the public will be consulted on the proposedsubprojects Public consultations will be held as part of the environmental and socialscreening process The purpose of these consultations is to allow for theidentification of the main issues and how the concerns of all parties should be takeninto account in deciding whether or not to issue a permit for the sub project

For category B IL subprojects during the EA process project affected groups andlocal non governmental organizations NGOs will be consulted about the project senvironmental aspects and their views are taken into account Such consultationsshould be initiated as early as possible in the subproject elaboration stage Inaddition project implementers consult with such groups throughout projectimplementation as necessary to discuss the status of implementation of the EMP andidentify and address any pending EA related issues that may affect them

The final EIA reports for category B subprojects will be disclosed to the public bypresenting the findings and recommendations to the village assembly and disclosing


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the document at the offices of the concerned districts NGO s and other civil societyorganisations in the village and the district will be informed of the meeting andcopies of the EIA report will be made available before the meeting in a languagethat is understood by the recipients

Once a draft EIA is ready the NPCT must a circulate it for written comments fromthe various agencies and government agencies b notify the public of the place andtime for its review and c solicit oral or written comments from those affectedREMA will decide whether or not the EIA review is to be conducted through publichearing

Beneficiaries under LVEMP II sub projects or any affected interested party have theright to appeal If dissatisfied with the decision reached at any stage in the EIAprocess the affected party has the right to bring their concerns to the NPCT and alsoof appeal to the Minister responsible for Environment

Step Environmental Monitoring and Follow upThe purpose of environmental monitoring is to check the effectiveness and relevanceof the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures Monitoring will be doneby District Environmental Officers together with trained personnel at the lower LGlevels based on the scale and complexity of the sub project It shall be carried out inaccordance with the procedures and at the intervals prescribed in the ProjectImplementation Plan including Maintenance Schedules where appropriate

The District Environmental Officer working with the relevant sector heads at highand lower LG levels will monitor the implementation of environmental mitigationsmeasures based on contractors plans for investments Oversight monitoring by theProject Steering Committee PSC will be carried out at quarterly intervals and byREMA on an annual basis

Monitoring will be carried in accordance with the Environmental Management PlanEMP prepared for each sub project which shall include the monitoring indicatorsfor the project Environmental Indicators may include but need not be limited to thefollowing

Loss of VegetationLand DegradationLegislative Compliance

Social Indicators may include but need not be limited to the following


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Population IncomesEnvironmental and Social AwarenessEffect of Programme Sub project implementation on localhousehold economiesLivelihood situation of resettled families


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Monitoring Plan

Objective of Monitoring PlanThe objective of monitoring is

to alert project authorities by providing timely information about the successor otherwise of the environmental management process outlined in this ESMFin such a manner that changes can be made as required to ensure continuousimprovement to LVEMP II environmental management process even beyondthe project s lifeto make a final evaluation in order to determine whether the mitigationmeasures incorporated in the technical designs and the EMP have beensuccessful in such a way that the pre project environmental and socialcondition has been restored improved upon or is worst than before and todetermine what further mitigation measures may be required

This section sets out requirements for the monitoring of the environmental andsocial impacts of the project Monitoring of environmental and social indicators willbe mainstreamed into the overall monitoring and evaluation system for the projectIn addition monitoring of the implementation of this ESMF will be carried out byREMA and the key implementing institutions of LVEMP II

Monitoring of Environmental and Social indicators

The Natural Resource Management officer should consider the environmental andsocial criteria that require measurement A list of initial proposals is given belowUsing this list of criteria a set of indicators can be integrated into the screeningforms used in the project approval process in each district this will ensure flexibilityat the project design stage integration of monitoring considerations throughout theproject cycle as well as a participatory approach to environmental and socialmonitoring

Initial proposalsThe key issues to be considered in the project include monitoring of water qualitywater flow patterns biodiversity forest cover agricultural production incomegeneration health and population influx The goals of monitoring are to measurethe success rate of the project determine whether interventions have resulted indealing with negative impacts whether further interventions are needed ormonitoring is to be extended in some areas


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Monitoring indicators will be very much dependent on specific project contextsMonitoring and surveillance of micro projects will take place on a spot check basisat it would be impossible to monitor all the micro projects to be financed under theLVEMP II The spot checks consist of confirming the establishment of mitigationmeasures It is not recommended to collect large amounts of data but rather to basemonitoring on observations by project technicians and stakeholders to determine thetrends in indicators

Monitoring of participation processThe following are indicators for monitoring of the participation process involved inthe project activities

• Number and percentage of affected households consulted during theplanning stage

• Level of participation of affected people in decision making• Level of understanding of project impacts and mitigation• Effectiveness of local authorities to make decisions• Frequency and quality of public meetings• Degree of involvement of women or disadvantaged groups in discussions

Evaluation of ResultsThe evaluation of results of environmental and social mitigation can be carried outby comparing baseline data collected in the planning phase with targets and postproject situations

Monitoring of ESMF ImplementationIn addition to the project reports required an annual audit on ESMF implementationwill be prepared by the NPCT and delivered to REMA In addition each largeproject that has been subject to an EIA study or RAP etc will also be required toproduce an annual audit report for delivery to REMA

Monitoring Roles and ResponsibilitiesRwanda Environment Management Authority REMA REMA will play the leadingoversight role of monitoring the activities of this project The REMA will carry outthis role by ensuring that the environmental management plans EMPs contained inthe cleared design package is being implemented as specified therein REMA willmonitor the reports on a regular basis They will rely on a bottom up feed backsystem to them from the ground by going through the monitoring reports and


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making regular site visits to inspect and verify for themselves the nature and extentof the impacts and the success or lack of the mitigation measures

The REMA will prepare brief consolidated periodic monitoring reports forsubmission to the World Bank

National Project Coordination Team NPCT The Monitoring and EvaluationOfficer will be primarily responsible for ensuring compliance to the monitoringframework Jointly with the Natural Resource Management officer they willundertake review of the monitoring reports emanating from the implementingagencies and will then upon approval submit these monitoring reports to REMA andthe World Bank The NPCT will also provide overall coordination in monitoringincluding coordinating of training in collection and analysis of monitoring data fordata collectors

Critical role of the NPCT will include data analysis as well as maintenance ofmanagement information systems and all baseline data Lastly other thanpreparation of periodic reports the NPCT will implement all the necessarymodifications in the monitoring framework

LVEMP II implementing partner institutions All the LVEMP II implementingagencies identified under this project will monitor the specific components of theproject that they are targeted to execute They will be required to prepare periodicmonitoring reports for submission to the NPCT and specifically to the NRM officerand the M E Officer respectively

Local Communities Local communities will be useful agents in collection of datathat will be vital in monitoring and as such they will play a role in the monitoringframework Local communities in the project intervention areas will receive trainingand build capacity on skills for data collection to be done by the implementingagencies so as to equip them with the ability to collect data


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GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISMGrievance redress mechanisms provide a way to provide an effective avenue forexpressing concerns and achieving remedies for communities promote a mutuallyconstructive relationship and enhance the achievement of project developmentobjectives

Grievance redress mechanisms are increasingly important for development projectswhere ongoing risks or adverse impacts are anticipated They serve as a way toprevent and address community concerns reduce risk and assist larger processesthat create positive social change

It has been learned from many years of experience that open dialogue andcollaborative grievance resolution simply represent good business practice both inmanaging for social and environmental risk and in furthering project andcommunity development objectives

Situating a Grievance redressing mechanisms

People adversely affected or about to be affected by a development project willraise their grievances and dissatisfactions about actual or perceived impacts in orderto find a satisfactory solution These grievances influenced by their physicalsituational e g employment and or social losses can surface at different stages ofthe project cycle Some grievances may arise during the project design and planningstage while others may come up during project implementation Not only shouldaffected persons APs be able to raise their grievances and be given an adequatehearing but also satisfactory solutions should be found that mutually benefit boththe APs and the project It is equally important that APs have access to legitimatereliable transparent and efficient institutional mechanisms that are responsive totheir complaints

a What is a Grievance Redress MechanismGrievance redress mechanisms GRMs are institutions instruments methods andprocesses by which a resolution to a grievance is sought and provided A number of

Centre for Poverty Analysis CEPA A Review of the Southern Transport Development Project STDPGrievance Redress Mechanisms Consolidated Final Report ADM RSC No C Colombohttp www adb org Documents SPF Consolidated Final Report


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mechanisms are available to aggrieved parties to access redress Figure Theycan be complex and diverse They may include institutions specific internal to aproject and set up from its inception or others that have emerged over time inresponse to needs identified while the project evolved Other institutions may bealready established within a country s judicial administrative and or politicalsystems and exist outside a project They include the government bureaucracyjudicial institutions and political institutions such as District Councils ProvincialCouncils Parliamentary Committees and Parliament In addition the aid agencyitself sometimes provides a forum for grievance redress GRMs can include avenuesfor resolving conflicts between APs or other stakeholders and can provideinformation sought by the public on the projectAn overview of the range of systems and institutions for grievance redress availableto Rwanda citizens is given in Figure

Figure Systems and Institutions for Grievance Redress Available to Affected Persons

LegendFlow of grievances from individuals and groups to available institutions and systemsThe range of GRMs

National InternationalAffected / Concerned part

Individual

Group

Legal System

Project - Specific GRMs

Public Administration

People’ Representatives / District Councils

World Bank Accountability Mechanisms


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b Why Does a Project Need a Grievance Redress MechanismA GRM provides a predictable, transparent, and credible process to all parties, resulting in outcomes that are seen as fair, effective, and lasting2.A well-functioning GRM can provide benefits to both the project and the AP (Box 1).

In the absence of a project specific GRM APs will seek solutions to their grievances throughGRMs that exist outside the project such as the country s judicial system public

2 Office of the Compliance Advisor Ombudsman for the International Finance Corporation CAOAdvisoryNote A Guide to Designing and Implementing Grievance Mechanisms for Development ProjectsWashington D C

Box 1: Benefits of a Grievance Redress Mechanism

Benefits to Projects Benefits to Affected Personsand Other Stakeholders

• Provides information about projectimplementation

• Provides an avenue to comply withgovernment Policies

• Provides a forum for resolving grievancesand disputes at the lowest level

• Resolves disputes relatively quickly beforethey escalate to an unmanageable level

• Facilitates effective communicationbetween the project and affected persons

• Helps win the trust and confidence ofcommunity members in the project andcreates productive relationships betweenthe parties

• Ensures equitable and fair distribution ofbenefits costs and risks

• Mitigates or prevents adverse impacts ofthe project on communities and producesappropriate corrective or preventive action

• Helps avoid project delays and costincreases and improves quality of work

• Provides a cost effectivemethod to report theirgrievances and complaints

• Establishes a forum and astructure to report theirgrievances with dignityand access to a fair hearingand remedy

• Provides access tonegotiate and influencedecisions and policies ofthe project that mightadversely affect them

• Facilitates access toinformation


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administration or political institutions The lack of effective GRMs could lead to a numberof adverse consequences for both the APs and the project implementers for example

• It would probably absorb a relatively longer time and substantial resources whichare generally unaffordable to many APs People need relatively quick solutions orrelief for their problems particularly when projects are likely to cause property lossand displacement

• Not all APs have equal access and the capacity to approach external GRMs Thusthey would be deprived of their rights to be heard and to find a fair and just solutionThis could further push the APs into a state of high vulnerability insecurity andimpoverishment

• Depriving APs access to GRMs could induce them to develop hostility toward theproject and sometimes to engage in violent behavior that might hamper the smoothimplementation of the project and its related activities and delay its overallaccomplishments

• Delays in project implementation will increase government expenditures such ascompensation to contractors for loss of work and staff maintenance Delay can alsoaffect the reputation of the national government

c Grievance Prevention

There are many ways to proactively solve issues before they even become grievances. Implementers should be aware and accept that grievances do occur, that dealing with them is part of the work, and that they should be considered in a work plan. Implementers should do the following:

• Provide sufficient and timely information to communities Many grievances arise becauseof misunderstandings lack of information or delayed inconsistent or insufficientinformation Accurate and adequate information about a project and its activitiesplus an approximate implementation schedule should be communicated to thecommunities especially APs regularly Appropriate communication channels andmeans of communication should be used

• Conduct meaningful community consultations Project implementers should continuethe process of consultation and dialogue throughout the implementation of theproject Sharing information reporting on project progress providing communitymembers with an opportunity to express their concerns clarifying and responding to


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their issues eliciting communities views and receiving feedback on interventionswill benefit the communities and the project management

• Build capacity for project staff particularly community facilitators and other field level staffThe community level facilitators and field level staff of the implementing agenciesshould be provided with adequate information on the project such as project designactivities implementing schedules and institutional arrangements as well asenhanced skills in effective communication understanding community dynamicsand processes negotiation and conflict resolution and empathizing withcommunities and their needs Building trust and maintaining good rapport with thecommunities by providing relevant information on the project and respondingeffectively to the needs and concerns of the community members will help solveissues before they even become grievances It is also important that communityfacilitators and field level staff provide regular feedback on their interactions withthe communities to the higher levels of the implementing agencies

Overall, good management of a project will also contribute to minimizing complaints.

Types of Grievances that Projects Typically Encounter

Type of grievance Complainant s ExamplesRelatively minor andonetimeproblems related toproject operations

An individual orfamily

A project truck damaging acommunity member s fence aone time disrespectfulencounter between a project staffand a community member

Relatively minor butrepetitive problemsrelatedto project operations

An individual orfamily or smallgroup of people

Livestock getting loosebecause project stafffail to deviate rainwater fromterracing sites

Relatively minor butrepetitive andwidespreadproblems

Multiple individualsfamilies orlarger groups

Project related road trafficraising dust that settles onclothes hung out to dry

Significant and largerrepetitive problems

Community groupsnongovernmental orcommunity basedorganizations or local

Project blasting allegedlycausing structural and oraesthetic damage to building


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governmentsMajor claims thatprojectactivities have resultedinsignificant adverseimpacts on largerpopulations of people

Community groupsnongovernmental orcommunity basedorganizations or localgovernments

Project operationsadversely impacting acommunity s water supplymaking it unsafe for drinkinglivestock and or irrigation

Major claims overpolicy orprocedural issues

Nongovernmentalorganizationscommunitygroups or communitybasedorganizations or localgovernments

A project s noncompliancewith the Government laws and orthe World Bank operationalpolicies failure tofollow guidelines for adequateconsultation to achieve priorand informed consultationinadequate resettlement andcompensation of affectedpopulations

Community Expectations When Grievances Arise

When local people present a grievance they generally expect to receive one or moreof the followingAcknowledgment of their problemAn honest response to questions about company activitiesAn apologyCompensationModification of the conduct that caused the grievanceSome other fair remedy

In voicing their concerns they also expect to be heard and taken seriouslyTherefore the project contractors or government officials must convince people thatthey can voice grievances and the project will work to resolve them withoutretaliation


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To address these challenges the project is being called upon to lead and work withtheir host communities to find nonjudicial dialogue based approaches forpreventing and addressing community grievances

Established procedures and time frame for Grievance Redress Mechanisms

There is no ideal model or one size fits all approach to grievance resolution The bestsolutions to conflicts are generally achieved through localized mechanisms that takeaccount of the specific issues cultural context local customs and project conditionsand scale

In its simplest form a grievance mechanism can be broken downinto the following primary componentsReceive and register a complaintScreen and validate the complaintFormulate a responseSelect a resolution approach based on consultation with affected person groupImplement the approachSettle the issuesTrack and evaluate resultsLearn from the experience and communicate back to all parties involved

The Grievance Redress Committees of the LVEMP II is supposed to be held within amaximum of weeks from the time of receiving the complaint

Appointing members of Grievance Redress Committees GRC

Generally all project staff management staff of agencies involved in the project andgovernment administrators will take on grievance handling as a responsibility TheGRM members should be qualified experienced and competent personnel who canwin the respect and confidence of the affected communities It is also important tomaintain a gender balance within the GRMs Criteria for selecting members of GRMscould include the following

• knowledge of the project its objectives and outcomes


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• technical knowledge and expertise e g irrigation engineering geologicallegal to understand project design and requirements

• understanding of the social economic and cultural environments and thedynamics of the communities

• capacity to absorb the issues dealt with and to contribute actively to decisionmaking processes

• social recognition and standing and• an equitable representation of males and females

The members of the GRC for LVEMP II shall include the District EnvironmentalOfficer DEO as chair the Watershed Management Officer or Social monitoringofficer as Secretary the chair of the community mediation board Abunzi a memberof a recognized nongovernment organization and a community representative TheGRC has the right to request the project technical staff and officers from relevantstate or nonstate institutions to attend the meetings and provide information Acomplainant has the right to appear in person to be accompanied by a communitymember and or to request to be represented by a village elder

GRCs should be established at the Cell Sector level to assure accessibility for APsThey are legitimized through a circular issued by the Permanent Secretary of theMinistry of Land and Environment Except for

i grievances related to compensation for acquired landii issues related to Waste water treatment facility design and engineering

aspects andiii cases pending in courts

The GRC is mandated to deal with any other types of grievancesarising at the community level GRC meetings are held at therespective Cell Sector secretariats which are familiar and accessible tothe APs Grievance Resolution Approaches

The channels of presenting complaints could include presentation of complaints viathird parties e g village elites community based organizations lawyersnongovernment organizations NGOs etc face to face meetings facsimiletelephone and email communications written complaints etc


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The sub projects to be implemented under LVEMP II are small in nature withrelatively straight forward issues Therefore simpler means of addressingcomplaints such as through community meetings community liaison personnel andsuggestion boxes allowing for anonymity should be used

The community meetings will be held with the LVEMP II GRC and the Watershedmanagement Officer will play the role of Project liaison personnel at theimplementation sites Figure below

If the complainant is not satisfied the complainant will have to appeal to theNational Project Coordinator and if need be to the Director General of REMA andthe Minister of Land and Environment

When the issues will not be satisfactorily addressed at the district levels thecomplaints should be channeled to

www rema gov rw Tel Fax P O Box KigaliRwanda Inyota House Boulevard Umuganda Kacyiru Kigali RwandaEmail lvemp rema gov rw dgoffice rema gov rw

Figure Restructured Grievance Redress Committees Process and Time Frames


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Complaints by individuals groups orinstitutions

People srepresentativespolitical religiouscommunity

Public administrationother state organizations

Complaints to GRCsecretary in

GRCmeeting

Solutionagreedupon to beimplementedbyrepresentative

Solution agreedupon to beimplementedby a third party

Noagreementreached

GRC process ends

Enforcement assumed if complainant does not comeback to GRC

Time variesdepending onpoint of entry

GRC meetingwithinweeks from

receipt ofcomplaint

Solution to beprovided atmeeting orwithin weeksfrom the

ting


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PROJECT COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATIONARRANGEMENTS

LVEMP II is based on three broad program areas for East African Community EACthat address a regional program of Applied Research strengthening of a Nationaland a Regional Management Framework and sustainable Socio economic Growthand Development The coordination of the project preparation activities for fivemember countries is under the responsibility of the LVBC In each of the fivecountries the LVEMPII will be implemented within a framework covering bothregional and national activities that will cut across many sectors and stakeholders Itis this complex multidisciplinary nature of LVEMP that calls for coordination at theregional and national levels as well as close sectoral supervision at the variousimplementing agencies institutions

Institutional CoordinationThe Lake Victoria Basin Commission LVBC and the National Focal PointsMinistries in each country MINELA in Rwanda have coordinated regional andnational LVEMP II preparation activities targeting the identification of appliedresearch and sustainable socio economic development interventions ofregional national scope It is hoped that the interventions and their mode ofapplication will appropriately address the existing and emerging challenges thatthreaten the stability of the Basin s ecosystem and the livelihood of the ripariancommunities Accomplishing this formidable challenge will require reliableimplementation arrangements supported by regional national and local institutionalpartnerships as outlined in the figure below


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NATIONAL POLICY STEERING COMMITTEE

(NPSC)

MINELA

REMA

NATIONAL PROJECT COORDINATION TEAM

(NPCT)

NATIONAL TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE

(NTAC)

IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES

DISTRICT PROJECT COORDINATION TEAM

(DPCT)

COMMUNITIES


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Figure National Coordination and Management Arrangements for LVEMP II inRwanda

The structure is linking the village cell level through the local governancestructures within the decentralized framework Thus local institutions will serve acritical role in the implementation of LVEMP II Enhanced effectiveness will dependon the level of technical support and carefully planned capacity building strategiesincluding extension services provided by central and local district authorities as wellas the national and regional organizations

Implementation Plan and StrategyTo achieve the objectives of promoting socioeconomic development and conservingthe LVB natural resources and environment local community support will benecessary to stimulate local actions and encourage generation of locally relevantempirical knowledge Thus investments will support projects in research andcommunity based activities This will require coherence in coordination andmanagement arrangements at local national and regional levels and participation ofa multiple of partners

Coordination and Management ArrangementsIn general a multi sectoral programme of this magnitude will require a complexmanagement structure However from experience a decentralized but wellcoordinated management structure is proposed This will rely on REMA based oninstitutional experience in coordination of environment and natural resourcemanagement and will establish a National Project Coordination Team NPCT withresponsibility for overall project coordination administrative and financialmanagement A National Policy Steering Committee NPSC will be constituted totake charge of policy and mobilization aspects initiating and communicating toGovernment and other stakeholders

At national level it is envisaged that a National Technical Advisory CommitteeNTAC will be established The figure above presents a realistic picture on how themanagement structure will work in the implementation of LVEMP II


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Compliance with ESMP ImplementationMonitoring of the compliance of subproject implementation with the mitigationmeasures set out in its EMP and or RAP will be required for all project but will bemore closely monitored for category B projects found to have greater potential fornegative social and environmental impacts

The DEO will have responsibility for carrying out this monitoring by regularlyvisiting the subproject sites and pursuing the following corrective measures asrequired As needed the DEO will be supported by LVEMP II EnvironmentManagement Officer EMO

If a violation of the EMP or RAP is detected during a site visit the projectproponent will be notified of the violation and the means of rectificationverbally The DEO will discuss with the proponent a realistic deadline forrectifying the violation It will be the proponent s duty to convey thesediscussions to any other parties involved for example the constructioncontractor

If a violation is reported to the DEO by some other entity they willconduct a site visit and similarly issue the verbal warning and deadline

The verbal warning will be confirmed in writing to the proponent withinfive working days

The DEO will return to the site on the deadline and if the violation is stilloccurring he will notify the contractor operator in writing of the continuingviolation informing them of the disciplinary action to be taken The DEO willinform REMA in writing of the situation and copy correspondence to theNPCT and relevant line ministry

If after two months the violation has not been rectified REMA willinstigate disciplinary procedures

Overall Project Compliance and ReportingOwing to the significant nature of some of the project activities a strict system ofcompliance monitoring and reporting will be adopted Figure below sets out the keyreporting lines and triggers


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Figure Compliance Monitoring and Reporting Process

a DEO EMOANNUAL REPORTS

NPCT Annual Reporton Environmental andSocial Compliance

IndependentInquiries on projectproblems and KeyIssues

b LVEMPII NPCTSpot checks

c District levelEnvironmental andSocial Trends

d Stakeholder Publiccomplaints

AnnualEnvironmental andSocial PerformanceAudit

Corrective measures toaddress Problems atdistrict level

Amendment of ProjectApproaches

Appeal throughthe Grievancemechanism


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Annual ReportsReporting Forms proposed for completion on an annual basis are set out in Annexesand These will comply with Rwanda EIA regulations and will provide

A means of communication between districts and NPCT i e through thenational Environment Management Officer in the NPCT and between theNPCT and the relevant government departments at national levelA paper trail of experience and issues running from year to year throughoutthe projectPractical information from which the Environmental Management Officer canassess strategic effectiveness of the proposed plans in achieving projectobjectivesPractical information from which the Environmental Management Officer inthe NPCT and the consultant used to carry out the annual performance auditcan draw upon

The District level annual report will be completed with input in the appropriatesections by the District Environment Officer The objective of the report is tofeedback on activities and observations from sub projects implemented in thedistrict over the review period The form will be submitted to the District Authorityand the NPCT

This national level annual report is to be completed by the NPCT principally by theEnvironmental Management Officer The objective of the report is to consolidate andsummarize the feedback from the districts and assess the overall progress of theproject against objectives

Description of RolesThe roles for implementing this ESMF will be

Community Based Representatives¾ The Community Based Representatives will be the key liaisons with the

communities to support and facilitate them in the targeting and identificationof community driven projects that meet the objectives of the LVEMP IIprojects

¾ Sensitization and capacity building will be a key part of their role ininteracting with the communities in particular to ensure that they areequipped to make informed and representative choices for the benefit of thewhole community


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¾ The Cooperatives will communicate regularly with the District Officers andthe NPCT project officers in order to facilitate two way flow of feedbackinformation and advice

District Environment Officers DEOs¾ District Environment Officers will be responsible for ensuring that the

Environmental screening and review system set out in this chapter isintegrated into the subproject cycle and used

¾ Sensitization of Cooperatives to Environmental issues will be a significantpart of ensuring this as will partnerships with government and nongovernment officers

¾ District Environment Officers may need to draw on the technical advice oftheir governmental colleagues in other departments or indeed upontraditional knowledge etc

¾ Backstopping technical advice will also be available from the EnvironmentManagement Officer in the NPCT

¾ Each District Environment Officer will compile with the DistrictDevelopment Officer a brief annual report for subprojects for delivery to theNPCT

Environmental Management Officer EMO

¾ The Environment Management Officer will provide guidance to DistrictEnvironment Officers and the Cooperatives and provide the key link betweendistricts and REMA

¾ The Environment Management Officer will conduct an annual environmentand social performance audit and report to the NPCT and REMA Inaddition any safeguards related issue that may arise should be reported inthe Project Progress Reports to be prepared by the NPCT and submitted to theWorld Bank on a quarterly basis

¾ Develop an annual report to consolidate and summarize the feedback fromthe districts and assess the overall progress of the project against objectives


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CAPACITY BUILDING TRAINING AND TECHNICALASSISTANCE FOR LVEMP II

IntroductionEffective implementation of this Environment and Social Management FrameworkESMF will require technical capacity in the human resource base of implementinginstitutions as well as logistical facilitation Implementers need to understandinherent social and environmental issues and values and be able to clearly identifyindicators of these

Even with existence of policies and laws such as the Organic Law on EnvironmentProtection evidence on the ground still indicates that there is significantshortcoming in the abilities of local and district level stakeholders to correctlymonitor mitigate and manage environmental performance of development projects

MINELA will have an overall delegated key responsibility of ensuring that theproject complies with Rwandese environmental and social laws and that the projectadheres to this ESMF MINELA will also be responsible for validating resettlementclaims and ensuring that fairness in compensation is achieved where this arises andwill be responsible for providing evidence of this

Sufficient understanding of the mechanisms for implementing the ESMF will need tobe provided to the various stakeholders implementing LVEMP II subprojectsThis will be important to support the teams appreciate their role in providingsupervision monitoring and evaluation including environmental reporting on theprojects activities

Human Resource Capacity RequirementsHuman capacity challenges for stakeholders involved in the implementation of theESMF are of two types

Low technical capacity of current staff andInadequate low numbers of staff

While adequacy in staffing requirements was found to be varied between thevarious stakeholders there is very limited presence of directly trained and dedicatedstaff for environmental management purposes within institutions in particular atthe local levels Staffs from other departments are usually assigned duties related to


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environmental management As a result sufficient knowledge on environmentalmanagement principles project screening impact mitigation monitoring andfollow up action was limited within most institutions

In many institutions staff have been retained for core activities leaving little if anyhuman resources to directly oversee environmental management activities As aresult this portfolio which in many cases is given little attention is handled by staffmembers not adequately conversant with it

In some cases environment personnel are present but level of training and technicalcapacity on environmental principles and tools of management is not sufficientTraining and awareness creation will be undertaken at different levels ofimplementationThese levels will entail the central Government local authorities private sectorNGOs and grassroots stakeholders The exercise will be customized according toeach level s needs to ensure adequacy in implementation of the ESMF

Technical Capacity EnhancementAwareness creation training and sensitization will be required for personnel of thefollowing institutions

9 National Technical Advisory Committee NTAC9 National Project Coordination Team NPCT9 Local government authorities9 District Environment Officers9 Technical staff of MINELA MINAGRI and RADA including extension staff9 NGO CBO Cooperatives and Associations9 Community Implementing Units e g Self Help Groups women s groups

youth groups9 Community Implementing Units coordinating teams9 Contractors managers and personnel9 Private Sector Environmental Compliance personnel

Training will concern9 Integrated Water Resource Management and institutional partnership for

water governance9 Integrated Pest Management and Organic Agricultural Practices9 Sustainable Forestry and Catchment Management9 Community Awareness


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9 Environment Conservation and agricultural water management9 Stakeholder engagement consultation and partnerships9 EIA law relevant environmental policies9 Relevant social laws and policies e g those related to poverty alleviation9 Waste minimization and management including wastewater from industrial

and municipal sources9 Soil and Water management strategies9 Sustainable fishing and fish processing9 Development of River Basin and micro catchment strategies9 ESMF Strategic Environmental Assessment Involuntary Resettlement issues

etc

In order to reduce costs minimize duplication of efforts and integrate existingtechnical expertise officers with relevant knowledge and experience in particularfields will be used to train the others As an example the District EnvironmentOfficers can be used to train on requirements of Organic Law and associatesguidelines and regulations

Table Training influencing success of ESMF

Training Aspect Target groupIntegrated water resources managementand Institutional partnership for watergovernance

MINELA RECO RWASCO MINAGRINTAC Districts Environment OfficerCommunity members Extension staff

Integrated Pest Management andOrganic Agricultural Practices

MINAGRI RADA Districts AgricultureOfficers RSSP Extension staff OCIRCAFE

Sustainable Forestry and CatchmentManagement

MINAGRI RADA ORTPN Localgovernment Extension staff

Community Engagement andMobilization

NPCT Local authorities Extension staff

Stakeholder engagement consultationand partnerships

NPCT MINALOC Extension staff

EIA law relevant environmental policies NPCT Government agency representativesincluding district level officials NGOsCBOs Extension staff communitymembers

Relevant social laws and policies e g NPCT Government agency representatives


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Training Aspect Target groupthose related to poverty alleviation including district level officials Local

government Private Sector NGOs CBOsExtension staff

Waste minimization and managementincluding wastewater from industrialand municipal sources

Local government Private Sector agroindustries fish processing mining etc

Soil and Water management strategiesagricultural water management

MINELA RECO RWASCO MINAGRIRADA National Land Center

Sustainable fishing and fish processing Private sector Local authorities PAIGLACInland lakes integrated Development andManagement Support Project MINAGRI

Development of River Basin and microcatchment strategies

MINELA MINAGRI RADA


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Table Training directly linked to implementation of ESMF

Target groupTraining issues

PSC andCentral GovAgencies

LocalAuthorities

PrivateSector

NGO andCBO

Communitymembers

Role of ESMF in LVEMP II A S S S SIdentification of Indicators anddata collection

TS TS TS TS

Identification of environmentaland social Impacts

T T T T

Determination of positive andnegative impacts of LVEMP IIsub projects

T T T T A

Development of mitigationmeasures and EnvironmentalManagement Plan includingInstitutional ResponsibilityFramework and Budget

T T T T

EIA procedures EnvironmentalManagement policiesguidelines WB safeguardsimplementation and enforcement

T S S S S

Use and application of ESMFtools Screening checklists EMEA

T T T T T

Review of ESMF toolsimplementation and enforcement

T T S T S

Reporting monitoring andfollow up of ESMF

S T T T S

Note A Awareness creation S Sensitization T Training TS Training strengthened

The training and capacity building exercises will take into consideration during theirdevelopment the integration and fulfillment of the requirements of World Banksafeguards policies and guidelines as well as those of the Organic Law onEnvironmental Protection including relevant policies regulations and guidelines

Where institutional capacity in terms of availability of human resource isinadequate the project will engrain support for this through hiring of qualified staffto provide necessary expertise

Training directly linked to the implementation of the ESMF should be undertakenfirst and subsequently followed by training on aspects influencing success of ESMF


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with regular interval The training program agenda below provides a sampletraining outline and course content The training programs have been clustered intoappropriate groups to facilitate for various target groups

Inadequacy in institutional infrastructure facility resources and equipment will beaddressed through an initial needs assessment or the identified implementinginstitutions and a gap analysis generated The project will develop a priority list andthereafter provide financial support to purchase necessary equipment and facilitystrengthening items The priority list will ensure that key necessities to successfulimplementation of the ESMF are addressed in order of their strategic importance

Table Agenda for Introduction and Training on ESMF

Target Group Course content Duration FrequencySustainable Land Management

District AgricultureOfficers DAOs andDistrict NaturalResources ManagersDNRM Privatesector Extensionstaff

Integrated WetlandManagementIntegrated PestManagement and OrganicAgricultural PracticesSoil and Water conservationstrategiesDevelopment of Lake Basinand micro catchmentstrategies

daysworkshop

Once per yearfor first fourconsecutiveyears

Community EngagementNPCT DistrictOfficers Extensionstaff

Community Engagementand MobilizationStakeholder engagementconsultation andpartnerships

dayworkshop

Continuousthrough outprogram

Policy and Regulatory Frameworks for ESMFPSC CentralGov representativesMINALOC PrivateSector NGOs CBOs

EIA law relevantEnvironmental policies andWorld Bank SafeguardPolicy and guidelinesRelevant social laws andpolicies e g those related topoverty alleviation

dayworkshop

During earlystage of project


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Target Group Course content Duration FrequencyClean Production Technologies

Municipal CouncilPrivate sectorindustry

Waste minimization andmanagement includingwastewater from industrialand municipal sourcesBest EnvironmentalPractices

daysworkshop

Once per yearthrough projectphases

Sustainable fishing and fish processingPrivate sector LocalauthoritiesPAIGLACMINAGRI

Sustainable fishing methods dayworkshop

Once per yearthrough projectphases

Training Program on ESMFTarget Group Course content Duration FrequencyNational Level

NPCT MINELAMINAGRI RADARARDA RSSP

The training will entailintroduction and understandingthe role of ESMF in LVEMP II as adecision making tool It will inaddition expose them to conceptsof impact identificationmitigation and EnvironmentalManagement PlansSignificant emphasis will beplaced on understanding EIAprocedures EnvironmentalManagement policies andguidelines WB safe guardsimplementation and enforcementThe group will also be trained onuse and application of ESMF toolsScreening checklists EIA EA

dayworkshop

Once in earlyprojectimplementationstage

District LevelDistrict EnvironmentOfficers Water andSewerageCompaniesIndustry Privatesector

This training component willfocus on understanding the ESMFand its use Detail will consist onmethods of identifying indicatorsand data collection The programwill also focus on identificationand analysis of environmental

dayworkshop

Once withrefresherworkshops aftermonths and

one year


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Target Group Course content Duration Frequencyand social impacts as well asdetermination of negative andpositive projects and sub projects

Other components will entaildevelopment of mitigationmeasures and EnvironmentalManagement Plans includingInstitutional ResponsibilityFramework and Budget

Thorough review of Country EIAproceduresEnvironmental Managementpolicies guidelines and WBsafeguards as well as theirimplementation and enforcementwill be carried out

The group will also be trained onuse and application of ESMF toolsScreening checklists EM EAtheir review implementation andenforcementParticipants will be trained onenvironmental reportingmonitoring and follow up ofESMF

Community Level Members will be introduced tothe principles of ESMF and itsnecessity and application in theoverall program as well as theirsub projectsThe programme will also entailhands on training inundertaking Environmentalscreening use of micro projectscreening checklists anddevelopment of mitigationmeasures

I dayworkshop

Continuousexercisesundertaken byextensionofficers andgrassroots leveloperatingagencies andinstitutions


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Community members at the grassroots level undertaking micro projects will betrained on a continuous basis by the higher cadre institution personnel workingat this level These personnel will include government officials and extensionworkers NGOs trained municipal staff and umbrella body officials Additionaltraining will be undertaken by representatives who have attended the projecttraining sessions

Recommendations for Capacity Building

The more shortcomings in capacity encountered during elaboration of this ESMFare as follows

¾ For success of the ESMF there is need to establish a clear method ofreporting and consolidating information pertaining to environmentalperformance and management of the project This report proposes use ofDistrict and Provincial Environment offices as central points ofconsolidating and disseminating such information so that it issynchronized both within the project and within the country database

¾ Many of the institutions operating within the region and project inparticular do not have personnel with expertise in environmentalmanagement The training programs highlighted prior should be able toenhance such capacity However it is important to support capacity in thelarge entities public and private with significant ecological footprints inestablishment and staffing of environmental portfolios so as to ensuresufficient technical capacity for environmental management atsignificantly potential point sources of impacts

¾ The RECO RWASCO National University of Rwanda KIST ISAR andRBS have facilities to undertake water quality monitoring though notadequate

¾ The LVEMP II project will need to support institutions with financialresource to support operations as well as equipment to undertake criticalmonitoring tasks

The estimated capacity building budget is presented in Table


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Table Estimated Capacity Building Budget

Activity Budget for the Period in USD Total USDYear Year Year Year Year Year

Community Mobilization and Sensitizationworkshops on implementation and managementof ESMF and associated tools EIA screeningchecklistsCapacity building in sustainable land managementwetlands conservation and water hyacinth reusefor farmers district officials and Private sector andExtension staffTraining workshops on pollution control andprevention

Training workshops on energy saving technologiesCreate community awareness in implementation ofwatershed management activitiesTraining of local governments farmers andextension personnel on climate change mitigationand adaptation measuresCapacity building on grievance mechanisms forcommunities and Grievance redress committeesTotal


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ESMF IMPLEMENTATION BUDGET

The breakdown of estimated costs for implementing the ESMF is provided inTable This includes costs for undertaking capacity building as outlined insection

ESMF Implementation Budget for LVEMP II Project

The total investment for LVEMP II Rwanda is estimated at US overa period of six years

The total estimated cost for mainstreaming environmental and social concernsover an indicative period of six years into the LVEMP II Project is US

The budget lines outlined below relate to training and awareness raising toensure that the ESMF has significant influence within the operations of theproject


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Table ESMF Implementation Budget for LVEMP II Project

Component Broad Activities Activities Costs US NotesCarry out pollution levelassessment and developPollution Control Plan foreight Districts KicukiroGasabo RwamaganaMusanze Huye MuhangaKayonza and Nyagatare

Pollution level assessment Pollution control plan fordistricts

Carry out a detailed studyand Environmental ImpactAssessment EIA forcentralized sewerage systemin Kicukiro and Gasabo

Environmental Impact Assessmentfor centrized sewerage system inKicukiro and Gasabo

EIA reports at a rate ofUS each

Carry out a master planfeasibility study anddetailed design andEnvironmental ImpactAssessment EIA of acentralized sewerage systemfor Rwamagana MusanzeHuye Muhanga Kayonzaand Nyagatare Districts

Environmental Impact Assessmentfor centrized sewerage system inRwamagana Musanze HuyeMuhanga Kayonza and NyagatareDistricts

EIA reports at a rate ofUS each

Training of targetedindustries on cost effectivemeasures of reducing wastes

Training on Cleaner productiontechnologies

industries will trained

Point source PollutionReduction

Undertaking cleanerproduction in plantassessments and audits

Undertaking cleaner production inplant assessments and audits

reports produced


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Component Broad Activities Activities Costs US NotesFacilitating environmentallysound technologyassessments and transfers

Facilitating environmentally soundtechnology assessments andtransfers

reports produced

Assisting industries toprepare bankable projectsfor upgrading theirproduction lines to reducepollution and wastes

Assisting industries to preparebankable projects for upgradingtheir production lines to reducepollution and wastes

industries trained inpreparation of Bankableprojects

Develop detailed subcatchment managementplans for Gikondo andNyabugogo wetland system

Develop detailed sub catchmentmanagement plans for Gikondoand Nyabugogo wetland system

reports produced

Develop a National StrategicPlan for WetlandConservation

Develop a National Strategic Planfor Wetland Conservation

Strategy developed

Develop detailedmanagement plans forselected sub catchments ofNyabarongo River

Develop detailed managementplans for selected sub catchments ofNyabarongo River

Management plandeveloped

WatershedManagement

Carry out a study forrehabilitation of Yanzetributary of Nyabarongo

Assessment of Environmental andsocial negative impacts

Environmental and socialmitigations measures fornegative impactsrecommended

Project Coordinationand Management

Monitoring of ESMFimplementation and annualaudits for implementedsubprojects years

Monitoring of ESMFimplementation and annual auditsfor implemented subprojects

ESMF implemented andannual audits carried out

Capacity Building budget as detailed in TableTotal


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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMF has beenprepared in order to guide project planners implementers and otherstakeholders to identify and mitigate environmental and social impacts inRwanda under the LVEMP II This framework will apply to any project activitywithin the LVEMP II

It is also to be appreciated that the project sites proposed for the LVEMP II aredynamic and prone to environmental and social impacts that may be generatedfrom activities of other future development projects These impacts may affectthe project locations for the LVEMP II

In accordance with the National Organic law on Environment and the EIAguidelines in Rwanda new project activities outside the LVEMP II will have theirown environmental and social management frameworks and plans

Successful implementation of this ESMF will depend to a large extent on theinvolvement and participation of local communities Specifically it isrecommended that

� Environmental and Social awareness and education for the keystakeholders and affected communities must be an integral part of theESMF implementation

� District and local community structures should be adequately trained toimplement the screening process and where required to develop and toimplement appropriate Environmental Management Plans

This ESMF should be regularly updated to respond to changing local conditionsIt should be reviewed and approved through the national approval process andby the World Bank prior to project negotiations It should also incorporatelessons learned from implementing various Components of the project activities

The districts should be assisted to develop appropriate information managementsystems to support the environmental and social management process


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The Environmental Management Officer of Rwanda Environment ManagementAuthority REMA and the districts environmental officers should beempowered to adequately administer the ESMF and should be given thenecessary support and resources to ensure effective implementation

This ESMF will provide Rwanda LVEMP II implementers with the screeningplanning and EIA processes that will enable them to identify assess and mitigatepotential negative environmental and social impacts and to ensure propermitigation measures are taken


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REFERENCES

East African Community EAC Lake Victoria Basin Commission LVBCDecember Trans boundary Diagnostic Analysis of the Lake Victoria BasinFinal ReportEast African Community EAC Lake Victoria Basin Commission LVBCDecember Strategic Action Programme SAP for the Lake Victoria Basin FinalReportGovernment of Rwanda REMA General guidelines and Procedure forEnvironmental Impact AssessmentGovernment of Rwanda vision MINECOFINGovernment of Rwanda National Land Policy MINITEREJournal Officiel de la République du Rwanda maiMINECOFIN June The Economic Development and Poverty ReductionStrategy EDPRS Final Draft KigaliNBI Analyse environnementale transfrontièresNBI Nile Transboundary Environmental Action Project NTEAP NationalNile Basin Water Quality Monitoring Baseline report Kigali RwandaWorld Bank Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook TowardsCleaner Production Washington D CWorld Bank Manual of Environmental Assessment Policies Procedures andQuestions SectoralWorld Bank Environmental and Social Framework for World Bank Projectswith Multiple Small scale subprojects Africa Regionhttp www worldbank org

Lake Victoria Environment Management Project Documents and technicalstudies

Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project Phase Ii Country Document DraftReportTransboundary Diagnostic Analysis TDAStrategic Action Plan SAPApplied research programmeNational framework Institutional componentRaising Public Awareness through education and communicationSocio economic development Private sector developmentSocio economic development Natural resources interventions investmentAssessment of potential of land suitability mapping with environmental overlaysand potential usefulness of spatial planning for managing the Lake Victoria Basin


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ANNEX Project Screening Criteria Form PSCF

Once a Project Brief has been received and reviewed by the Authority aproposed project is exempted from further compliance with EIA requirements ifall of the following conditions are satisfied

The project will not substantially use natural resources in a way that preempts use or potential use of that resource for any other purpose

Potential residual impacts on the environment are likely to be minor oflittle significance and easily mitigated

The type of project its environmental impacts and mitigation measuresare evident and well understood

Reliable means exist for ensuring that impact management measures canand will be adequately planned and implemented

The project will not displace significant number of people families orcommunities

The project is not located in and will not affect environmentally sensitiveareas such as(a) National parks(b) Wetlands(c) Productive agricultural land(d) Important archaeological historical and cultural sites(e) Areas protected under legislation(f) Areas containing rare or endangered flora or fauna(g) Areas containing unique or outstanding scenery(h) Mountains or developments on or near steep hillslopes(i) Forests(j) Lakes or their shores(k) Areas important for vulnerable groups such as fishing communities(l) Areas near high population concentrations or industrial activities

where further development could create significant cumulativeenvironmental problems


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(m) Groundwater recharge areas or drainage basinsThe project will not result in and or

(a) Policy initiatives which may affect the environment(b) Major changes in land tenure(c) Changes in water use through irrigation drainage promotion or dams

changes in fishing practices

The project will not cause(a) Adverse socioeconomic impact(b) Land degradation(c) Water pollution(d) Air pollution(e) Damage to wildlife and habitats(f) Adverse impact on climate and hydrological cycle(g) Creation of by products residual or waste materials which

require handling and disposal in a manner that is not regulatedby existing authorities

The project will not cause significant public concern because of potentialenvironmental changes The following are guiding principles

(a) Is the impact positive or harmful(b) What is the scale of the impact in terms of area numbers of

people or wildlife affected(c) What is the intensity of the impact(d) What will be the duration of the impact(e) Will there be cumulative effects from the impact(f) Are the effects politically controversial(g) Have the main economic ecological and social costs beenquantified(h) Will the impact vary by social group or gender(i) Is there any international impact due to the proposed projects

The project will not necessitate further development activity which islikely to have a significant impact on the environment


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ANNEX Environmental and Social Checklist ESCL Form

Yes NoA Type of Activity Will the LVEMP II subproject

Support animal husbandry or processingSupport irrigation schemesSupport rural water supply and sanitation schemesInvolve community forestryInvolve small scale aquacultureInvolve leather processingInvolve food processingInvolve community healthcare facilities and the management of healthcarewasteBuild or rehabilitate any structures or buildingsSupport agricultural activitiesBe located in or near an area where there is an important historicalarchaeological or cultural heritage siteBe located within or adjacent to any areas that are or may be protected bygovernment e g national park national reserve world heritage site orlocal tradition or that might be a natural habitatDepend on water supply from an existing dam weir or other waterdiversion structure

If the answer to any of questions is Yes please use the indicated Resource Sheets orsections s of the ESMF for guidance on how to avoid or minimize typical impacts and risksB Environment will the LVEMP II Subproject

Risk causing the contamination of drinking waterCause poor water drainage and increase the risk of water related diseasessuch as malaria or bilharziaHarvest or exploit a significant amount of natural resources such as treesfuel wood or waterBe located within or nearby environmentally sensitive areas e g intactnatural forests mangroves wetlands or threatened speciesCreate a risk of increased soil degradation or erosion

Subproject NameName of District Sector Date


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Yes NoCreate a risk of increasing soil salinityAffect the quantity or quality of surface waters e g rivers streamswetlands or groundwater e g wellsResult in the production of solid or liquid waste or result in an increase inwaste production during construction or operation

If the answer to any of questions is Yes please include an Environmental ManagementPlan EMP with the subproject applicationC Land acquisition and access to resources Will the subproject

Require that land public or private be acquired temporarily orpermanently for its developmentUse land that is currently occupied or regularly used for productivepurposes e g gardening farming pasture fishing locations forestsDisplace individuals families or businessesResult in the temporary or permanent loss of crops fruit trees or householdinfrastructure such as granaries outside toilets and kitchens

It the answer to any of the questions is Yes please consult the ESMF and if neededprepare a Resettlement Action Plan RAPD Indigenous people Are there

Any indigenous groups living within the boundaries of or nearby theprojectMembers of these indigenous groups in the area who could benefit fromthe project

If the answer to questions or is Yes please consult the ESMF and if needed prepare anIndigenous Peoples Plan IPP

CERTIFICATIONWe certify that we have thoroughly examined all the potential adverse effects ofthis subproject To the best of our knowledge the subproject plan as described inthe application and associated planning reports e g EMP RAP IPP PMP ifany will be adequate to avoid or minimize all adverse environmental and socialimpacts

Community representative signature

Environmental Focal Person EFP or the District Environmental Officer DEOsignature


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ANNEX Environmental Guidelines for Contractors UndertakingConstruction Work under LVEMP II

General Environmental Management Conditions

In addition to these general conditions the Contractor shall comply with anyspecific Environmental Management Plan EMP for the works he is responsiblefor The Contractor shall inform himself about such an EMP and prepare hiswork strategy and plan to fully take into account relevant provisions of thatEMP If the Contractor fails to implement the approved EMP after writteninstruction by the Supervising Energy expert to fulfill his obligation within therequested time the Owner reserves the right to arrange through the SE forexecution of the missing action by a third party on account of the Contractor

Notwithstanding the Contractor s obligation under the above clause theContractor shall implement all measures necessary to avoid undesirable adverseenvironmental and social impacts wherever possible restore work sites toacceptable standards and abide by any environmental performanceRequirements specified in an EMP In general these measures shall include butnot be limited to

a Minimize the effect of dust on the surrounding environment resultingfrom earth mixing sites vibrating equipment temporary access roads etc toensure safety health and the protection of workers and communities living inthe vicinity dust producing activities

b Ensure that noise levels emanating from machinery vehicles and noisyconstruction activities e g excavation blasting are kept at a minimum forthe safety health and protection of workers within the vicinity of high noiselevels and nearby communities

c Ensure that existing water flow regimes in rivers streams and othernatural or irrigation channels is maintained and or re established where theyare disrupted due to works being carried out


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d Prevent bitumen oils lubricants and waste water used or producedduring the execution of works from entering into rivers streams irrigationchannels and other natural water bodies reservoirs and also ensure thatstagnant water in uncovered borrow pits is treated in the best way to avoidcreating possible breeding grounds for mosquitoes

e Prevent and minimize the impacts of quarrying earth borrowing pilingand building of temporary construction camps and access roads on thebiophysical environment including protected areas and arable lands localcommunities and their settlements In as much as possiblerestore rehabilitate all sites to acceptable standards

f Upon discovery of ancient heritage relics or anything that might orbelieved to be of archeological or historical importance during the executionof works immediately report such findings to the Watershed ManagementOfficer so that the appropriate authorities may be expeditiously contacted forfulfillment of the measures aimed at protecting such historical orarchaeological resources

g Discourage construction workers from engaging in the exploitation ofnatural resources such as hunting fishing and collection of forest products orany other activity that might have a negative impact on the social andeconomic welfare of the local communities

h Implement soil erosion control measures in order to avoid surface run offand prevents siltation etc

i Ensure that garbage sanitation and drinking water facilities are providedin construction workers camps

j Ensure that in as much as possible local materials are used to avoidimportation of foreign material and long distance transportation

k Ensure public safety and meet traffic safety requirements for theoperation of work to avoid accidents


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The Contractor shall indicate the period within which he she shall maintainstatus on site after completion of civil works to ensure that significant adverseimpacts arising from such works have been appropriately addressed

The Contractor shall adhere to the proposed activity implementationschedule and the monitoring plan strategy to ensure effective feedback ofmonitoring information to project management so that Impact management canbe implemented properly and if necessary adapt to changing and unforeseenconditions

Besides the regular inspection of the sites by the Supervising Energy expertfor adherence to the Contract conditions and specifications the Owner mayappoint an Inspector to oversee the compliance with these environmentalconditions and any proposed mitigation measures State environmentalauthorities may carry out similar inspection duties In all cases as directed bythe Supervising Energy Expert the Contractor shall comply with directives fromsuch inspectors to implement measures required to ensure the adequacyrehabilitation measures carried out on the bio physical environment andcompensation for socio economic disruption resulting from implementation ofany works

Work site Campsite Waste Management

All vessels drums containers bags etc containing oil fuel surfacingmaterials and other hazardous chemicals shall be bonded in order to containspillage All waste containers litter and any other waste generated during theconstruction shall be collected and disposed off at designated disposal sites inline with applicable government waste management regulations

All drainage and effluent from storage areas workshops and camp sites shallbe captured and treated before being discharged into the drainage system in linewith applicable government water pollution control regulations

Used oil from maintenance shall be collected and disposed off appropriatelyat designated sites or be re used or sold for re use locally


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Entry of runoff to the site shall be restricted by constructing diversionchannels or holding structures such as banks drains dams etc to reduce thepotential of soil erosion and water pollution

Construction waste shall not be left in stockpiles along the road but removedand reused or disposed of on a daily basisIf disposal sites for clean spoil are necessary they shall be located in areasapproved by the Supervising Energy Expert of low land use value and wherethey will not result in material being easily washed into drainage channelsWhenever possible spoil materials should be placed in low lying areas andshould be compacted and planted with species indigenous to the locality

Material Excavation and Deposit

The Contractor shall obtain appropriate licenses permits from relevantauthorities to operate quarries or borrow areas

The location of quarries and borrow areas shall be subject to approval byrelevant local and national authorities including traditional authorities if theland on which the quarry or borrow areas fall in traditional land

New extraction sites

a Shall not be located in the vicinity of settlement areas cultural siteswetlands or any other valued ecosystem component or on high or steepground or in areas of high scenic value and shall not be located less than kmfrom such areas

b Shall not be located adjacent to stream channels wherever possible toavoid siltation of river channels Where they are located near water sourcesborrow pits and perimeter drains shall surround quarry sites

c Shall not be located in archaeological areas Excavations in the vicinity ofsuch areas shall proceed with great care and shall be done in the presence ofgovernment authorities having a mandate for their protection


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d Shall not be located in forest reserves However where there are no otheralternatives permission shall be obtained from the appropriate authoritiesand an environmental impact study shall be conducted

e Shall be easily rehabilitated Areas with minimal vegetation cover such asflat and bare ground or areas covered with grass only or covered with shrubsless than m in height are preferred

f Shall have clearly demarcated and marked boundaries to minimizevegetation clearing

Vegetation clearing shall be restricted to the area required for safe operationof construction work Vegetation clearing shall not be done more than twomonths in advance of operations

Stockpile areas shall be located in areas where trees can act as buffers toprevent dust pollution Perimeter drains shall be built around stockpile areasSediment and other pollutant traps shall be located at drainage exits fromworkings

The Contractor shall deposit any excess material in accordance with theprinciples of these general conditions and any applicable EMP in areasapproved by local authorities and or the Supervising Energy expert

Areas for depositing hazardous materials such as contaminated liquid andsolid materials shall be approved by the Supervising Energy expert andappropriate local and or national authorities before the commencement of workUse of existing approved sites shall be preferred over the establishment of newsites

Rehabilitation and Soil Erosion Prevention

To the extent practicable the Contractor shall rehabilitate the siteprogressively so that the rate of rehabilitation is similar to the rate ofconstruction

Always remove and retain topsoil for subsequent rehabilitation Soils shallnot be stripped when they are wet as this can lead to soil compaction and loss ofstructure


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Topsoil shall not be stored in large heaps Low mounds of no more than tom high are recommended

Revegetate stockpiles to protect the soil from erosion discourage weeds andmaintain an active population of beneficial soil microbes

Locate stockpiles where they will not be disturbed by future constructionactivities

To the extent practicable reinstate natural drainage patterns where they havebeen altered or impaired

Remove toxic materials and dispose of them in designated sites Backfillexcavated areas with soils or overburden that is free of foreign material thatcould pollute groundwater and soil

Identify potentially toxic overburden and screen with suitable material toprevent mobilization of toxins

Ensure reshaped land is formed so as to be inherently stable adequatelydrained and suitable for the desired long term land use and allow naturalregeneration of vegetation

Minimize the long term visual impact by creating landforms that arecompatible with the adjacent landscape

Minimize erosion by wind and water both during and after the process ofreinstatement

Compacted surfaces shall be deep ripped to relieve compaction unlesssubsurface conditions dictate otherwise

Revegetate with plant species that will control erosion provide vegetativediversity and through succession contribute to a resilient ecosystem The choiceof plant species for rehabilitation shall be done in consultation with local researchinstitutions forest department and the local people


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Water Resources Management

The Contractor shall at all costs avoid conflicting with water demands of localcommunities

Abstraction of both surface and underground water shall only be done withthe consultation of the local community and after obtaining a permit from therelevant Water Authority

Abstraction of water from wetlands shall be avoided Where necessaryauthority has to be obtained from relevant authorities

Temporary damming of streams and rivers shall be done in such a wayavoids disrupting water supplies to communities down stream and maintainsthe ecological balance of the river system

No construction water containing spoils or site effluent especially cementand oil shall be allowed to flow into natural water drainage courses

Wash water from washing out of equipment shall not be discharged intowater courses or road drains

Site spoils and temporary stockpiles shall be located away from the drainagesystem and surface run off shall be directed away from stockpiles to preventerosion

Traffic Management

Location of access roads detours shall be done in consultation with the localcommunity especially in important or sensitive environments Access roadsshall not traverse wetland areas

Upon the completion of civil works all access roads shall be ripped andrehabilitated

Access roads shall be sprinkled with water at least five times a day in settledareas and three times in unsettled areas to suppress dust emissions


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Blasting

Blasting activities shall not take place less than km from settlement areascultural sites or wetlands without the permission of the Supervising Energyexpert

Blasting activities shall be done during working hours and local communitiesshall be consulted on the proposed blasting times

Noise levels reaching the communities from blasting activities shall notexceed decibels

Disposal of Unusable Elements

Unusable materials and construction elements such as electro mechanicalequipment cables accessories and demolished structures will be disposed of in amanner approved by the Supervising Energy Expert SE The Contractor has toagree with the SE which elements are to be surrendered to the Client s premiseswhich will be recycled or reused and which will be disposed of at approvedlandfill sites

As far as possible abandoned pipelines shall remain in place Where for anyreason no alternative alignment for the new pipeline is possible the old pipesshall be safely removed and stored at a safe place to be agreed upon with theSupervising Energy expert and the local authorities concerned

AC pipes as well as broken parts thereof have to be treated as hazardousmaterial and disposed of as specified above

Unsuitable and demolished elements shall be dismantled to a size fitting onordinary trucks for transport

Health and Safety

In advance of the construction work the Contractor shall mount anawareness and hygiene campaign Workers and local residents shall besensitized on health risks particularly of AIDS


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Adequate road signs to warn pedestrians and motorists of constructionactivities diversions etc shall be provided at appropriate points

Construction vehicles shall not exceed maximum speed limit of km perhour

Repair of Private Property

Should the Contractor deliberately or accidentally damage private propertyhe shall repair the property to the owner s satisfaction and at his own cost Foreach repair the Contractor shall obtain from the owner a certificate that thedamage has been made good satisfactorily in order to indemnify the Client fromsubsequent claims

In cases where compensation for inconveniences damage of crops etc areclaimed by the owner the Client has to be informed by the Contractor throughthe Watershed Management Officer This compensation is in general settledunder the responsibility of the Client before signing the Contract Inunforeseeable cases the respective administrative entities of the Client will takecare of compensation

Contractor s Environment Health and Safety Management Plan EHS MP

Within weeks of signing the Contract the Contractor shall prepare an EHSMP to ensure the adequate management of the health safety environmental andsocial aspects of the works including implementation of the requirements ofthese general conditions and any specific requirements of an EMP for the worksThe Contractor s EHS MP will serve two main purposes

• For the Contractor for internal purposes to ensure that all measuresare in place for adequate EHS management and as an operationalmanual for his staff

• For the Client supported where necessary by a Supervising Energyexpert to ensure that the Contractor is fully prepared for the adequatemanagement of the EHS aspects of the project and as a basis formonitoring of the Contractor s EHS performance


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The Contractor s EHS MP shall provide at least

• a description of procedures and methods for complying with thesegeneral environmental management conditions and any specificconditions specified in an EMP

• a description of specific mitigation measures that will beimplemented in order to minimize adverse impacts

• a description of all planned monitoring activities e g sedimentdischarges from borrow areas and the reporting thereof and

• the internal organizational management and reportingmechanisms put in place for such

The Contractor s EHS MP will be reviewed and approved by the Clientbefore start of the works This review should demonstrate if the Contractor sEHS MP covers all of the identified impacts and has defined appropriatemeasures to counteract any potential impacts

EHS Reporting

The Contractor shall prepare bi weekly progress reports to the SupervisingEnergy expert on compliance with these general conditions the project EMP ifany and his own EHS MP An example format for a Contractor EHS report isgiven below It is expected that the Contractor s reports will include informationon

• EHS management actions measures taken including approvals soughtfrom local or national authorities

• Problems encountered in relation to EHS aspects incidents includingdelays cost consequences etc as a result thereof

• Lack of compliance with contract requirements on the part of theContractor

• Changes of assumptions conditions measures designs and actual worksin relation to EHS aspects and

• Observations concerns raised and or decisions taken with regard to EHSmanagement during site meetings


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It is advisable that reporting of significant EHS incidents be done as soon aspracticable Such incident reporting shall therefore be done individually Alsoit is advisable that the Contractor keep his own records on health safety andwelfare of persons and damage to property It is advisable to include suchrecords as well as copies of incident reports as appendixes to the bi weeklyreports Example formats for an incident notification and detailed report aregiven below

Details of EHS performance will be reported to the Client through theSupervising Energy expert reports to the Client


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Training of Contractor s Personnel

The Contractor shall provide sufficient training to his own personnel toensure that they are all aware of the relevant aspects of these generalconditions any project EMP and his own EHS MP and are able to fulfilltheir expected roles and functions Specific training should be provided tothose employees that have particular responsibilities associated with theimplementation of the EHS MP

General topics should be• EHS in general working procedures• Emergency procedures and• Social and cultural aspects awareness rising on social issues

Cost of Compliance

It is expected that compliance with these conditions is already part ofstandard good workmanship and state of art as generally required under thisContract The item Compliance with Environmental Management Conditionsin the Bill of Quantities covers these costs No other payments will be made tothe Contractor for compliance with any request to avoid and or mitigate anavoidable EHS impact

Example Format EHS Report

Contract Period of reporting

EHS management actions measuresSummarize EHS management actions measures taken during period ofreporting including planning and management activities e g risk and impactassessments EHS training specific design and work measures taken etc

EHS incidentsReport on any problems encountered in relation to EHS aspects including itsconsequences delays costs and corrective measures taken Include relevantincident reports


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EHS complianceReport on compliance with Contract EHS conditions including any cases of noncompliance

ChangesReport on any changes of assumptions conditions measures designs and actualworks in relation to EHS aspects

Concerns and observationsReport on any observations concerns raised and or decisions taken with regardto EHS management during site meetings and visits

Signature Name Title DateContractor Representative

Example Format EHS Incident Notification

Provide within hrs to the Supervising Engineer

Originators Reference No Date of Incident Time

Location of incident

Name of Person s involved

Employing Company

Type of IncidentDescription of IncidentWhere when what how who operation in progress at the time only factual

Immediate ActionImmediate remedial action and actions taken to prevent reoccurrence orescalation

Signature Name Title DateContractor Representative


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Example Format Detailed EHS Incident ReportThe Incident Notification should be follow up by a Detailed EHS Incident Reportcontaining the following information where applicable

Incident SummarySpecific Details• Date• Time• Place• Weather Visibility• Road conditionsPersons Involved• Name s• Age s• Experience• Date joined Company• Last Medical Check• Current Medical Treatment• Evidence of Drugs Alcohol• Last Safety Meeting attended• Infringements Incidents record

Equipment InvolvedDescription of IncidentFindings of Investigation Team Interim Final• Investigation Team Members• Persons Interviewed• Recommendations Remedial Actions• Investigation Methodology

Signature Name Title Date

Attachments• Photographs• Witness Statements and Incident Notification Report


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ANNEX Content of an EIA Report

An EIA report has the following objectives

a To enable the developer to better plan design and implement specificinvestment while avoiding minimizing mitigating or compensatingadverse environmental and social impacts and also maximizingenvironmental and social benefits from the proposed investment oractivity

b For the decision makers to objectively evaluate the proposed projectc To provide information on environmental and social impacts and

respective mitigation measures for local communities and any otherstakeholders to be able to contribute their opinions

The EIA report should entail

i) Executive summary of the EIA report which should be brief and focus onfollowing matters

• Name and location of the project• Name of the developer• Name of the agency preparing EIA report• Main impacts identified• Mitigation recommendations• Environmental monitoring plan

ii) Objectives of the project including ideas intentions and particularobjectives

iii) Description of the proposal and its alternatives In this part it isnecessary to describe in detail the proposed project and its alternativesincluding those not subjected to pre feasibility study or feasibility studyAttention should be concentrated to the comparison of differentalternatives Following are the required contents of the section Descriptionof the proposal and its alternatives


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• The stage of the project cycle where the project is being implementedpre feasibility study feasibility study or design

• Outlines of the plan for impact prediction and mitigation measures• Raw materials supplies energy water and equipment to be used for

implementing the project and its alternatives• Operational parameters such as capacity and product output• Tables photographs diagrams and maps• Comparison of characteristics of alternatives extent location

technology products energy and raw materials demands in thepresent socio economic technical and environmental situation

• A summary of project technical economic and environmentalcharacteristics

iv) Discussion on the proposal and its relation to relevant policies lawsand programmes sectoral and regional In this section the proposal mustbe shown to be in line with policies laws institutional framework anddevelopment strategy of Rwanda

v) Description of present baseline environmental state analysis of initialstate In this section the environment in the project area should beappropriately described The following aspects should be presented

• Environmental baseline conditions natural and socio economic• Sensitivity and values cultural aesthetic of environment in the

project area

v) Impact assessment In this section the spatial and temporal scope ofthe impacts and characteristics of different impacts whether positive ornegative direct or indirect their intensity extent and significance shouldbe presented for the project and also for all alternatives considered Thefollowing aspects should be presented

• Assessment of all impacts to the local population• Environmental data base study methods and assumptions• Limitations and reliability of the data and study results• Compliance with the environmental standards and license issuing

procedures


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• Significance of impacts criteria and standards used for assessment ofimpact significance

• Measures to avoid and mitigate impacts

In this section methods of data collection methods and criteria used forassessing degree of danger and significance of impacts must be indicatedCumulative impacts must be emphasised A summary table of impacts foreach alternative should be provided

vi) Evaluation and comparison of alternatives and selection of one that isenvironmentally suitable The main content of this section is thecomparison of the main positive and negative impacts impact mitigationand monitoring measures of alternatives The environmentally suitablealternative is determined based on the following aspects

• Impacts with largest effects measures for avoiding mitigating andmanaging them

• Impacts for which the developer has committed to take preventionmeasures and unavoidable impacts

• Allocation of cost and benefit between the levels partners andpopulation of the project area

• Information on protection measures or resettlement acquiringopinions of the public

• Environmental improvement opportunities

vii) Impact management and environmental monitoring plan EMP In thissection tasks to ensure the implementation of mitigation measures andmonitoring of impacts should be presented This is a plan for monitoringand management of impacts during the implementation and operation ofthe project where the responsibilities between the state and investor aredifferentiated This plan includes the following contents• Description of mitigation measures• Implementation schedule including indicators costs etc• Assignment of responsibility for implementation• Monitoring of implementation• Report on evaluation of implementing such the plan


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viii) Annex where tables drawings maps documents andinformation used as reference should be presented


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ANNEX Sample Terms of Reference for EIA Studies

Following is a guide for REMA to develop ToRs for an EIA study

INTRODUCTION

Name of developer has applied to Rwanda Environment Management AuthorityREMA to carry out an environment impact assessment EIA for the proposedname of project in accordance with requirements of EIA Regulations of theRepublic of Rwanda Name of developer intends that the proposed project willincorporate all practical and cost effective measures for avoiding or minimizingnegative environmental impacts for capturing environmental benefits and forensuring sound environmental management Thus the purpose of the EIA studyis two fold

• To provide developer s name with advice on how project design canavoid or mitigate negative impacts and to enhance anticipatedenvironmental benefits

• To prepare for review by REMA an EIA report and EnvironmentEnvironmental Management Plan EMP according to national EIAGuidelines and Regulations

The following are specific issues to address in the EIA study

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The EIA Expert should provide a description of proposed project and anyalternatives being considered in sufficient detail to benefit stakeholders anddecision makers Policies legislation regulations directly relevant to theproposed project should be discussed in the EIA report

ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS TO BE ADDRESSED IN THE EIA


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The following are the key biophysical resource use and socioeconomic issues tobe addressed by the EIA study

List the issues here

While the impact study is to be focused on the above issues the EIA Expertsmay in the course of the impact study identify further concerns which should beinvestigated Any such other issues should be brought to the attention of REMAand developer s name

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

The expert should pay particular attention to identifying and recommendingmeasures or practices for avoiding mitigating or managing negative impacts ofthe project and for enhancing potential environmental and socio economicbenefits Any potential measures or practices identified by the EIA Expert shouldbe brought to the attention of developer s name for possible inclusion in projectdesign and planning

In particular the expert should prepare an Environmental Management PlanEMP for construction operation and decommissioning of the project The EIAExpert should estimate the costs of implementing this plan including all capitaloperating and training costs

RELATIONSHIP OF EIA TO PROJECT PLANNING ANDDESIGN

To maximize opportunity for good environmental planning and design of theproject EIA Experts should work closely with developer s name to offer feasibleoptions to enhance the project s environmental performance

PUBLIC CONSULTATION

Developer s name is obliged to ensure that all concerned public and privatestakeholders in the project have adequate input during the EIA study The EIAExpert should therefore undertake comprehensive consultation with the localcommunity relevant lead agencies such as provide examples of agencies REMAidentified or that took part in formulating ToR in addition to any relevantstakeholders identified when conducting the impact study


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CONTENT OF THE EIA REPORT

At minimum the EIA report produced by EIA Experts should containinformation outlined in the Appendix of Environmental Impact AssessmentGuidelines

REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

The expert should submit a final EIA report including EnvironmentalManagement Plan EMP to developer s name Who after reviewing appendingan EIA Report Addendum to it if necessary will submit number copies of thefinal draft report to REMA

The EIA Expert and developer should be available for discussions about the EIAreport with REMA and participate in any public hearings organised by theAuthority

EIA TEAMMEMBERS

EIA experts recognised and authorised by REMA to undertake this study arelisted below

List EIA Experts here


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ANNEX SUGGESTED FORMAT FOR A SIMPLEENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLANESMP

The ESMF emphasizes that an Environmental and Social Management PlanESMP should fit the needs of a subproject and be easy to use The basicelements of an ESMP are

• A description of the subproject activity• A description of potential Environmental and social impacts• A description of planned mitigation measures• An indication of institutional individual responsibility for implementing

mitigation measures including enforcement and coordination• A program for monitoring the Environmental and Social effects of the

subproject both positive and negative including supervision• A time frame or schedule and• A cost estimate and source of funds

SubprojectActivity

PotentialEnvironmentalor SocialImpacts

ProposedMitigationMeasures

Responsibilityincludingenforcementandcoordination

MonitoringRequirementsincludingsupervision

TimeFrame orSchedule

CostEstimate

type here type here type here type here type here type here type heretype here type here type here type here type here type here type heretype here type here type here type here type here type here type heretype here type here type here type here type here type here type here

The above matrix should be filled out for each subproject that will have the needfor a separate EMP the screening process using the screening checklist shoulddetermine this


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ANNEX Consultant s itinerary for field visits

Dates Itinerary Sites activities to be visitedth October KIGALI RULINDO

District KIGALIErosion effects and Terracingproject in Rulindo district

th October Kigali city Gikondo industrial parkNyabugogo swampWastes management andsanitation problems in Kigali

From th to rd

OctoberKIGALI BUGESERANGOMA RWAMAGANAKIGALI

Fisheries at some lakes in areaForestation projects in the regionRice plantationsInvasive species in area waterhyacinth in Akagera NationalPark ANP

th October KIGALI GICUMBIKIGALI

Kisaro terracing projectForestation projects of the region

th October KIGALI HUYENYAMAGABE KIGALI

Mwogo river s catchment inNyamagabe and Huye districts


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ANNEX ANNUAL REPORT FORM FOR THEDISTRICT LEVEL

LVEMP II sub project select relevant projectDistrictReporting yearDate of report

PROJECT SUMMARY

Please enter numbers of sub projects in the following table

Approvedthis

year

Application

includeda

screening

checklist

Community

carriedout

mitigation

Metprovided

adviceon

mitigation

FieldAppraisal

ESMP

RAP

IMP

CATEGORY A ILDam project greater than min heightMedium scale irrigationschemeConstruction of roads andbridgesCATEGORY B ILFarm forestry or agroforestry small scale woodlotsand tree nurseriesSmall scale irrigation schemeConstruction of hotels andrestaurantsSpring capping or rural watersupply schemeAquacultureParticipatory forestmanagement or reforestation


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Rehabilitation of wetlandsRiverbank stabilizationTerracing of farmlandAgricultural interventionsSupport to income generatinginitiativeOtherTotal

CATEGORY A Results of ESMPs RAPs etc

Type of projects thathave been subjected toESMP RAPs etc

Impacts identifiedincluded

Are mitigation or monitoringmeasures being carried outadequately If not why not

type here type here type heretype here type here type here

CATEGORY B

Please describe the key Environmental and social issues that have been identifiedfrom screening of community micro projects

type hereWere there any unforeseen Environmental and or social problems associatedwith any Sub project

Problem Actions taken Actions to be takentype here type here type here

MANAGEMENT ISSUESHave you or your predecessor been involved in the targeting or identification ofsubprojects

Yes NoIf Yes please describetype here


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Have communities been involved in the targeting or identification of subprojects

Have communities been involved in the targeting or identification of subprojectsYes No

If Yes please describe type here

Please explain any participatory issues that have impacted ability ofcommunities to identify sub projects type here

Please describe the activity of the following actors on Environmental and socialissues in your district this year

ActivityGovernment line agencies workingwith LVEMP II on Environmental andor social issues

type here

NGOs in partnership with LVEMP II toexamine Environmental and or socialissues

type here

District Environmental CommitteeDEC

type here

Summaries any gaps non compliance in Environmental and or social activities

Key gaps areas of noncompliance

Summary of keyconclusions

Follow up activitiesRecommended

type here type here type here

Strategic ImpactIs the project contributing to improved watershed sustainability in this district

o Yes is contributing to an overall improvemento No its worsening watershed degradation it s having a negative impact

on the Environmento Too early to say

Please explain


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type here

Is the project contributing to increased welfare in this districto Yes it s contributing to an overall improvemento No it s reducing income generating opportunities having a negative

impact on socio developmento Too early to say

Please explain

type here

Has there been any analysis of cumulative Environmental impacts in yourdistrict If yes please describe If No tick here

Activity review or study Summary of keyconclusions

Was the worksuccessful e g were itsrecommendationscarried out If not why


Have there been any other Environmental or social analyses that have beencarried out in the district

Examples of activitiesreviews or studies


Levels of success inachieving objectives Ifnot successful why not


Has there been any analysis of catchment management plans in your district IfYes please describe If No tick here

Activity review orstudy

Summary of keyconclusions e g doesthe catchmentmanagement plan fitwith the River Basins

Was the work successfule g were itsrecommendationscarried out If not why


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Management plantype here type here type here

POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL

Please describe the activity of the projects in addressing policy constraints thataffect Environmental and social sustainability

Policy issue Reforms requiredtype here type here

Are there any policy issues that limit Environmental and or social sustainabilitythat require addressing at a national level

Policy issue Reforms requiredtype here type here

TRAINING

Please list the training you havereceived under the LVEMP IIprojects or otherwise

List two key areas of training you need inorder to carry out your role in managingEnvironmental and social issues in theLVEMP II Projects

type here type heretype here

Please list the training others havereceived under the LVEMP IIprojects or otherwise

List two key areas of training that yousuggest other agencies require in order toimprove Environmental and socialmanagement

type here type heretype here

Completed by type here the names of all those who have contributed tocompletion of the form e g DEO and DDO

Position type here position of all contributors to the report

Date type here


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ANNEX ANNUAL REPORT FORM TO BECOMPLETED BY PSC ENVIRONMENT OFFICERProject reference yearReporting yearDate of report

PROJECT SUMMARYPlease enter numbers of micro project in the following table i e insert totalsfrom district reports Please enter numbers of sub projects in the following table

Approvedthisyear

Applicationincludeda

screeningchecklist

Communitycarriedout

mitigation

Metprovidedadviceon

mitigation

FieldAppraisal

ESMP

RAP

IMP

CATEGORY A ILPolicy legal or strategy documentDam project greater than m inheightMedium scale irrigation schemeSewer Rehabilitation ConstructionConstruction of Factories IndustriesTanneries Hides and SkinConstruction of roads and bridgesCATEGORY B ILSmall scale dam less than m inHeightFarm forestry or agro forestry smallscale woodlots and tree nurseriesSmall scale irrigation schemeConstruction of hotels and restaurants


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Spring capping or rural water supplyschemeAquacultureParticipatory forest management orreforestationRehabilitation of wetlandsRiverbank stabilizationTerracing of farmlandAgricultural interventionsSupport to income generatinginitiativeOtherTotal

CATEGORY A Results of ESMPs RAPs etc

Type of projects thathave been subjected toESMP RAPs etc

Impacts identifiedincluded

Are mitigation or monitoringmeasures being carried outadequately If not why not


CATEGORY BPlease Summaries the key Environmental and social issues that have beenidentified from screening processes carried out at District level

type here

Describe key unforeseen Environmental and or social problems associated withany subprojects

Problem Actions taken Actions to be takentype here type here type here


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MANAGEMENT ISSUESSummaries from the district reports the ways in which District Environmentand Development Officers have to be involved in the targeting or identificationof any subprojects

type here

Summaries the extent to which communities have been involved in the targetingor identification of sub projects

type here

Please summaries any key participatory issues that have impacted communitiesability to target or identify projects

type here

Please summaries key points concerning the activities of the following actors onEnvironmental and social issues in the districts

ActivityGovernment line agencies workingwith LVEMP II on Environmental andor social issues

type here

NGOs in partnership with LVEMP II toexamine Environmental and or socialissues

type here

District Environmental CommitteeDEC

type here

Summaries any gaps non compliance in Environmental and or social activitiesKey gaps areas of noncompliance


Follow up activitiesRecommended


STRATEGIC IMPACTIs the project contributing to improved watershed sustainability in project area

o Yes it s contributing to an overall improvement


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o No it s worsening watershed degradation it s having a negative impacton the Environment

o It s contributing to improvements in some micro catchment areas anddeterioration in others

o Too early to say

Please explaintype hereIs the project contributing to increased social benefits both financial and nonfinancial in the project area

o Yes it s contributing to an overall improvemento No it s reducing income generating opportunities having a negative

impact on socio developmento It s contributing to improvements in social benefits in some areas and

deterioration in otherso Too early to say

Please explaintype here

Summaries key activities to analyze cumulative Environmental impactsExamples of activitiesreviews or studies




Summaries any other Environmental or social analyses that have been carriedout in the districtsExamples of activitiesreviews or studies




Summaries any assessments that have been undertaken with respect to thecatchment management plansExamples of activitiesreviews or studies


Level of success inachieving objectives Ifnot successful why not


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Summaries your overall conclusions on the strategic fit and effectiveness of thecatchment management plans in relation to the River Basins Management Planincluding any revision that should be made to the River Basins ManagementPlan

POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL

Please describe the activity of the projects in addressing policy constraints thataffect Environmental and social sustainabilityPolicy issue Reforms requiredtype here type here

Are there any policy issues that limit Environmental and or social sustainabilitythat require addressing at a national level Please describe citing any relevantexperiences from the districtsPolicy issue Reforms requiredtype here type here

TRAININGBased on feedback from the districts what are the priority trainingrequirements identified under the LVEMP II projects

Training requirement Who fortype heretype heretype here

type heretype heretype here

Completed by type here the names of all those who have contributed tocompletion of the form e g Natural Resource Management Specialist OfficerCommunity Development Officer Monitoring and Evaluation Officer

Position type here position of all contributors to the report

Date type here


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ANNEX Terms of Reference for the preparation of anEnvironmental and Social Management Framework for theLake Victoria Environmental Management Project Phase

Introduction

The Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project Phase LVEMP willcontribute towards the achievement of the regional EAC Lake VictoriaDevelopment Vision of having a prosperous population living in a healthy andsustainably managed environment providing equitable opportunities andbenefits to the riparian communities The development objectives of theproposed LVEMP are to i strengthen regional and national institutions forcoordination of sustainable management of the transboundary Lake Victoriabasin resources ii facilitate environmentally friendly investments in the LakeVictoria Basin and iii enhance conservation of biodivesity and geneticresources of targeted fish species For the GEF financed aspects of LVEMP aTransboundary Diagnostic Analysis TDA and the Strategic Action Plan SAPare being prepared to help clarify the policy legal and institutional reforms andinvestments required to address key transboundary concerns

Some LVEMP subproject investments may have adverse environmental andsocial impacts that must be addressed before the subprojects are approved Sincethese subprojects will only be identified during project implementation anEnvironmental and Social Management Framework ESMF is required thatprescribes Project arrangements for the preparation review approval andimplementation of subprojects in order to adequately address Bank and nationalenvironmental and social safeguards issues These terms of reference TOR arefor the preparation of a regional ESMF document with country specific BurundiKenya Rwanda Tanzania and Uganda Annexes The ESMF will providedistinct arrangements for addressing environmental and social issues associatedwith the implementation of LVEMP by the five participating countries


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Background InformationLake Victoria and its Basin are shared transboundary resources which havereceived a lot of attention over the last decade Lake Victoria is a shared byKenya Tanzania and Uganda and is part of the Nile River Basin system which isshared by ten countries Burundi Democratic Republic of Congo EgyptEthiopia Eritrea Kenya Rwanda Sudan Tanzania and Uganda Rwanda andBurundi are part of the upper watershed that drains into Lake Victoria throughthe Kagera river In addition to its environmental values including biodiversityand the hydrological cycle Lake Victoria supports a large fishing industry forexport and local consumption hydropower production drinking and irrigationwater lake transport and tourism

The Lake Victoria Basin benefits are threatened by environmental degradationmanifest in reduced fish stocks decline of biodiversity variable water levelsincreased sedimentation eutrophication and proliferation of Water weedespecially the Water Hyacinth Efforts to regulate and manage the activitiesthreatening the Lake and its Basin clearly need upscaling and widespreadpoverty in the basin exacerbates environmental stress Even in its currentparlous state the lake is a valuable asset supporting the livelihoods ofapproximately three million people directly and indirectly the entire populationof the basin of over million

The LVEMP to be implemented within the entire Lake Victoria Basin willenhance environmentally friendly economic growth in the Basin throughknowledge generation for development socio economic developmentpromotion of effective natural resources management framework and enhancingpublic participation and communication LVEMP is to contribute towards theachievement of the regional Lake Victoria Development Vision of having aposperous population living in a healthy and sustainable managed environmentproviding equitable opportunities and benefits to the riparian communities

The project will be implemented through a number of institutions andorganisations in Kenya Uganda Tanzania Burundi and Rwanda accountable tothe national focal point Ministries and regionally coordinated by the LakeVictoria Basin Commission LVBC of the East African Community EAC


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Project description

LVEMP is a broad program and will have four components as follows

Component Building the information base for governance and growth Thiscomponent will build on the results of LVEMP I and will support ongoing andtargeted new i applied and adaptive research programs that explore theecosystem health and develop management and technological responses iimonitoring control and surveillance systems iii and sharing of informationusing the established protocols

Component Strengthening governance of transboundary resources This componentwill focus on building institutions to improve governance Its objective is tofoster transparency accountability and voice as well as improve performance ofkey regional and national institutions The component will establish and orstrengthen regional and national institutions that regulate monitor and enforcesustainable utilization of natural resources and environmental standardsMechanisms for resolving disputes over natural resources management andenvironmental impacts will also be developed This component may entail theprovision of office and laboratory equipment and research monitoring marinevessels

Component Enhancing sustainable economic growth This component will help toreduce the costs of doing business in the basin in environmentally benign waysthrough defraying expenses for competent assessment of environmental impactsof proposed investments and sharing the costs of ecologically benign choices oftechnology Efforts supported under this component will also help identifyinvestment opportunities that could be pursued in environmentally acceptableways and yield benefits to the local populations Interventions will beimplemented at the community district national and regional levels There willbe three sub components two of which may finance investments that mayrequire the preparation of environmental assessments EAs and orenvironmental management Plans EMPs

• Public investments in environmental management The project will identifyhigh priority areas and hotspots for direct intervention while catalyzingresources to control point source pollution Areas for support includefeasibility studies and addressing of hotspots and leveraging resources for


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wastewater treatment rehabilitation of selected sewerage treatment andsolid waste management systems of the major urban centers around theLake Victoria These may include Kisumu Homa Bay Mwanza MusomaBukoba Entebbe Jinja and Kampala The project will complementinvestments by the jurisdictions with the intent to ensure consistentapplication of effluent standards across boundaries

• Community driven investments in management of natural resources This subcomponent will seek to reduce non point source pollution sedimentloads nutrients and agro chemicals by rehabilitating critical catchmentsin the watershed The project will provide matching grants to ripariancommunities to promote local partnerships in addressing watersheddegradation Community driven approaches will be used to scale upwatershed rehabilitation interventions such as integrated management ofsoil and water reforestation and afforestation catchment protection andrehabilitation of degraded wetlands In keeping with the principle ofsubsidiarity where existing instruments can be used to address theproblems LVEMP will seek to catalyze and top up those instrumentsThe project will not create additional and or parallel systems whereprograms of local government or ongoing community driven instrumentssuch as TASAF can be adapted to meet environmental managementobjectives

Component Raising public awareness through education and communication Thiscomponent will support public education programs and communication Theresults of research and monitoring will be made available in language thatdecision makers stakeholders and resource users can understand

Project Implementation ArrangementsLVEMP will be implemented through a number of institutions andorganizations in each country all coordinated by and accountable to a focalpoint institution These focal point institutions are

Burundi Ministry of Environment Natural Resources and TourismKenya Ministry of Environment and Natural ResourcesRwanda Ministry of Environment Rwanda Environment ManagementAuthorityTanzania Ministry of WaterUganda Ministry of Water and Environment


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It will be the responsibility of the focal point ministry in each country to ensurethat the requirements of the ESMF and EMP are implemented Where ESMF andEMP approvals are required under national legislation the responsible authorityis

Burundi Ministry of Environment Natural Resources and TourismKenya National Environmental Management Authority REMARwanda Rwanda Environment Management Authority REMATanzania National Environmental Management Council REMAUganda National Environment Management Authority REMA

Applicable World Bank Safeguard PoliciesWorld Bank Safeguard Policies that apply to LVEMP area Environmental Assessment OP Investments in Component and perhapsComponent may need EAs and or EMPs before approval


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b Natural Habitats OP Lake Victoria is a threatened globally importantecosystem and habitat for endemic aquatic species and will need to beconsidered as such in the EAs EMPs

c Pest Management OP Pesticide use and Integrated Pest ManagementIPM may be an issue in regulatory development and with some investmentsTherefore IPM will be included in the ESMF

d Physical Cultural Resources OP There is a need to be sensitive aboutphysical cultural properties that might potentially be impacted by project relatedactivities or investments Provisions for avoiding impacts to physical culturalproperties and for addressing chance finds need to be included in the ESMF

e Involuntary Resettlement OP Involuntary land acquisition or restriction ofaccess to resources will need to be managed through a Resettlement PolicyFramework

f Safety of Dams OP Some investments may involve construction ofdams weirs or may depend on water supplied from or regulated by existingdams weirs The ESMF will need to define procedures for ensuring the safety ofnew and existing dams associated with LVEMP investments

g Projects on International Waterways OP In a shared water basinnotification of riparians is needed for anticipated project induced changes inwater withdrawals or quality


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Scope of the ESMF

The ESMF will deal substantively with policy requirements a through f inSection above For Involuntary Resettlement OP the ESMF willprovide screening criteria to determine if a Resettlement Action Plan is requiredaccording to the Resettlement Policy Framework prepared under a separateconsultancy

The ESMF will provide distinct arrangements for addressing environmental andsocial issues associated with

a Investments that require formal EAs EMPs under national or World Bankenvironmental assessment policies and procedures and

b Small scale community driven investments that do not trigger national orBank donor EA requirements but would nonetheless benefit from soundenvironmental and social planning

For the former investments Component and perhaps the most stringent ofnational and Bank donor environmental policy requirements Table will applyin

• Determining the need for and level of environmental assessment and orenvironmental management plan EA EMP

• Defining the range of environmental and social issues to be addressed inan EA EMP

• Specifying the independence of EA EMP preparers• Determining the key issues to be addressed in the EA EMP and terms ofreference for EA EMP preparation

• Requiring the consideration of alternatives• Requiring the avoidance or mitigation of adverse impacts• Addressing cumulative impacts• Reviewing and approving EA EMP documents and issuingenvironmental clearance

• Providing opportunities for public consultation• Disclosing documents and decisions and• Monitoring and supervising subproject implementation


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Since the ESMF will apply to subproject investments in five countries it willprescribe a LVEMP subproject review and approval process that meets theneeds of all countries and the World Bank

For community driven investments in the management of natural resourcesComponent the ESMF will

• Support communities to develop their subproject applications to avoid orminimize environmental and social safeguards concerns

• Support local authorities to review applications and determine ifadditional more detailed environmental or social planning is requiredbefore applications can be approved

• Fund extension teams to assist communities in preparing their subprojectapplications

• Support communities local authorities and extension teams in carryingout their respective roles by funding substantial training informationresources and technical assistance and

• Fund annual reviews for assessing compliance learning lessons andimproving future performance as well as assessing the occurrence of andpotential for cumulative impacts due to Project funded and otherdevelopment activities

Specific ESMF objectives include

• To establish clear procedures and methodologies for the environmentaland social planning review approval and implementation of subprojectsto be financed under the Project

• To specify appropriate roles and responsibilities and outline thenecessary reporting procedures for managing and monitoringenvironmental and social concerns related to subprojects

• To determine the training capacity building and technical assistanceneeded to successfully implement the provisions of the ESMF

• To establish the Project funding required to implement the ESMFrequirements and

• To provide practical information resources for implementing the ESMF


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Scope of WorkIn general the ESMF will respond to the principles and objectives stated inSection For community driven investments the ESMF will be based on theguidance provided in the World Bank s ESMF Toolkit attached as AnnexTasks required to complete the ESMF include the research interviews and fieldwork needed to develop

a A detailed description of the Project its componentsespecially those funding subprojects and implementationarrangements with a focus on how subprojects will be identifiedprepared approved and implemented and on how funds will flow toapproved subprojects

b An understanding of the legislative regulatory andadministrative regime e g pollution control environmentalmanagement land acquisition and use protection of cultural heritagethat the Project will operate within with a focus on requirements that willapply to the planning approval and implementation of subprojects

c An understanding of the institutional needs for implementingthe ESMF This should include a review of the authority and capability ofinstitutions at different levels e g national district and their capacity tomanage and monitor ESMF implementation

d An outline of training and capacity building programme forthe institutions responsible for implementing the ESMF

e Anticipated requirements for technical assistance tocommunities service providers and public sector institutions to supporttheir ESMF implementation work

f A budget for implementing the ESMF

ESMF ReportAt minimum the ESMF will include

a An executive summary

b An introduction describing the ESMF purpose objectives principles andmethodology

c A description of the Project with an emphasis on component s that willfinance subprojects anticipated types of subprojects and types that will


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be excluded from financing Project target areas Project coordination andimplementation arrangements with details of institutional arrangementsfor managing the subproject cycle and annual reporting and performancereview requirements

d Major sections addressing requirements for

• Investments that require formal EAs EMPs under national WorldBank or donor environmental assessment policies and procedures and

• Small scale community driven investments that do not trigger nationalor Bank donor EA requirements but would nonetheless benefit fromsound environmental and social planning

e Description of capacity building training and technical assistancerequired to implement the ESMF

f An ESMF implementation budget and

g Technical annexes to support ESMF implementation

Consultant QualificationsThe Consultant will demonstrate that he has the expertise required to fullyappreciate the requirements of all the Safeguards Policies to be addressed in theESMF and to complete all required sections of the ESMF

The Consultant will be familiar with World Bank environmental and socialsafeguards policies and similar requirements in the five countries implementingLVEMP and have demonstrated experience in successfully meeting theserequirements The Consultant will be addressing the environmental assessmentrequirements for both large and small scale projects and with systems for theenvironmental review and approval of development projects in the region It isexpected that the Consultant should be familiar with the environmental andsocial safeguards requirements of the country

Expected Level of EffortThe duration of the consultancy will be two months and the maximum levelof effort LOE of person days between October and November

Services Facilities and Materials to be Provided by the Client


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The Consultant will be provided with

• The World Bank Project Concept Note and Integrated Safeguards DataSheet

• Copies of national environmental laws and EA procedures regulations• Example ESMFs that demonstrate best practice from each country• Assistance from national focal point agencies in arranging for local

interviews and other background documents• National and Regional Project Documents• National and Regional TDA documents• Regional SAP• Guidelines for the preparation and implementation of community

subprojects• Other relevant project preparation documents technical reports

Schedule and Deliverables

a An inception report and detailed workplan within week of contractsigning

b A draft final ESMF report within weeks of contract signing andc A final report within two weeks of receiving review comments on the

draft report from the World Bank and all national focal point institutions