reptile introduction

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Reptile Introduction

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Reptile Introduction. What Is a Reptile? A reptile is a vertebrate that has dry, scaly skin, lungs, and terrestrial eggs with several membranes. These characteristics enable reptiles to live their entire lives out of water. Reptilian skin is dry and covered with thick, protective scales. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Reptile Introduction

Reptile Introduction

Page 2: Reptile Introduction

What Is a Reptile?–A reptile is a vertebrate that has dry, scaly skin, lungs, and terrestrial eggs with several membranes.–These characteristics enable reptiles to live their entire lives out of water.

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•Reptilian skin is dry and covered with thick, protective scales. •This prevents the loss of body water in dry environments.•The scaly layer of skin doesn’t grow, so it must be shed periodically as the reptile increases in size.

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Body Temperature Control • Reptiles are ectotherms.• Ectotherms are animals that rely on

behavior to control body temperature. • To warm up, they bask in the sun or stay

under water at night. • To cool down, they move to the shade or

take shelter in underground burrows.

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The shell and membranes protect the embryo and prevent the egg from drying out. This type of egg, an amniotic egg, is one of the most important adaptations to life on land.An amniotic egg has four membranes—the amnion, the yolk sac, the chorion, and the allantois.

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Evolution of ReptilesReptiles were the first vertebrates

that were not dependent on water for reproduction.

The first reptile fossil dates back to the Carboniferous Period.

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Groups of ReptilesThe four surviving groups of reptiles are:• lizards and snakes • crocodilians• turtles and tortoises• tuatara

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LizardsMost lizards have four legs and clawed toes.Most lizards have external ears and movable

eyelids.Some lizards have evolved into highly

specialized forms.

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Lizards

Blue Tongue Skink

Bearded Dragon

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Gecko

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Chameleon

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Moniter Lizards

Komodo Dragon

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Horned Toads

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Lizards Displaying

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SnakesSnakes have no legs.Snakes have immovable eyelids and no

external ear openings.Snakes are efficient predators.

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Venomous Snakes:cobras, coral snake, sea snakes …….types of venom:

neurotoxinhemotoxin

snake bite? antivenom shot

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Largest Snake ever officially recorded:an Anaconda, captured & measured in 1944South America - Orinoco River37 1/2 feet! estimated to weigh nearly 600 pounds!

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CrocodiliansCrocodilians have long, broad snouts and a

squat appearance. They prey on animals such as fishes, deer,

and even humans. Females guard their eggs from predators and

watch over their young after the eggs hatch.

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Crocodilians live only where it is warm year-round. Alligators and caimans live only in fresh water and are found almost exclusively in North and South America. Crocodiles live in either fresh or salt water and are native to Africa, India, and Southeast Asia.

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CrocodilesCrocs, Alligators, Caimens

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Gharial (India) Alligator (USA) Crocodile (USA)

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Turtles and TortoisesTurtles live in water.Tortoises live on land. A terrapin is a turtle that lives in water that is

somewhat salty.

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Turtles and tortoises have a two-part shell built into the skeleton:

• a dorsal part (top), or carapace• a ventral part (bottom), or plastron

The head, legs, and tail emerge from holes where the carapace and plastron join. Tortoises and most turtles pull into their shells for protection.

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Turtles

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TuatarasTuataras are found only on a few islands off New

Zealand. They lack external ears and retain primitive scales. They have a “third eye,” which is part of a complex

organ located on top of the brain.