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  • Reptile Family Tree - Peters 2019 1413 taxa, 231 charactersreptileevolution.com/images/tetrapods/LargeReptileFamilyTree.pdf · Ectocion cedrus UM 8615 Micromeryx Giraffa Camelus 98
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Silvanerpeton Eusauropleura Gephyrostegeus bohemicus Schoenesmahl (formerly Bavarisaurus) Fraxinisaura Lacertulus Daohugou lizard IVPP V13747 Meyasaurus Carusia Hoyalacerta Homoeosaurus solnhofensis IPB R 535 Homoeosaurus tail IVPP V14386 Dalinghosaurus Eldeceeon 1990.7.1 Eldeceeon holotype Tulerpeton Westlothiana Casineria Brouffia Paleothyris Coelostegus Hylonomus Protorothyris MCZ1532 Eudibamus Aphelosaurus Petrolacosaurus Araeoscelis Spinoaequalis Galesphyrus Youngina BPI 3859 Acerosodontosaurus Thadeosaurus Tangasaurus Hovasaurus Claudiosaurus Adelosaurus Atopodentatus Largocephalosaurus Omphalosaurus Sinosaurosphargis Anarosaurus Youngina SAM K7710 Youngina TM 3603 Youngopsis rubidgei RC90 Youngopsis kitchingi TM1490 Youngoides RC91 Youngina AMNH 5561 Youngoides UC1528 Proterosuchus BPI 1 4016 Chasmatosaurus NMQR 1484 Teyujagua Proterosuchus RC96 Euparkeria SAM PK K5867 Euparkeria SAM PK K6047A Osmolskina Tasmaniosaurus Revueltosaurus Fugusuchus Garjainia Erythrosuchus Luperosuchus Shansisuchus Riojasuchus Ornithosuchus Vjushkovia Prestosuchus Batrachotomus Saurosuchus Smok Teratosaurus CM73372 Sikannisuchus Postosuchus Decuriasuchus Pagosvenator Turfanosuchus Poposaurus Sacisaurus Silesaurus Lotosaurus Shuvosaurus Effigia Protorothyris CM 8617 Protorothyris MCZ 2149 Vaughnictis Cabarzia MFSN 19235 Scandensia Archaeovenator Anningia Orovenator Pyozia Broomia Milleropsis BPI-720 Erpetonyx Ascendonanus MNC-TA0924 Rauisuchus PVL 4597 Lewisuchus Tarjadia Parringtonia Gracilisuchus MCZ4116 Saltopus Scleromochlus Teleocrater Arizonasaurus Yarasuchus Qianosuchus Nundasuchus Ticinosuchus Aeotosauroides Aetosaurus Stagonolepis Wumengosaurus Thaisaurus Xinminosaurus Utatsusaurus Shastasaurus alexandrae Shastasaurus pacificus UCMP 9017 Grippia Macgowania Mikadocephalus YGMIRSPCV03108 Parvinatator Chaohusaurus Besanosaurus Qianichthyosaurus CMNH V1412 Qianichthyosaurus IVPP V11839 Phalarodon fraasi Contectopalatus 'Phalarodon' nordenskioeldii Mixosaurus Cymbospondylus petrinus Shonisaurus sikanniensis Guanlingsaurus GNG dq-50 Guanlingsaurus YGMR SPC V03107 Wimanius Platypterygius Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae IVPP V 11853 'Cymbospondylus' buchseri Shonisaurus popularis Ichthyosaurus communis Ophthalmosaurus Leptonectes tenuirostris Hauffiopteryx BRLSI M1399 Suevoleviathan GPIT 328/4/5 Suevoleviathan SMNS15390 Eurhinosaurus Chasmatosaurus QR 880C.500 Chasmatosaurus SAM PK 11208 Chasmatosaurus TM 201 Elaphrosuchus RC59 Diandongosuchus Teraterpeton Mesorhinosuchus Paleorhinus Parasuchus Chanaresuchus Proterochampsa PVSJ 77 Proterochampsa PVSJ606 Pseudochampsa PVSJ 567 Gualosuchus Cerritosaurus Tropidosuchus PVL 4601 Tropidosuchus PVL 4602 Lagerpeton Nyctiphruretus holotype Nycteroleter Nyctiphruretus PIN 4659/1 Barasaurus Kitchingnathus Santaisaurus Sauropareion Coletta Paliguana Sophineta Psilotrachelosaurus PIMUZ AIII 0192 SMF R 4710 Stereosternum Brazilosaurus holotype Mesosaurus not Eretmorhipis YAGM V1401 Serpianosaurus Concavispina Xinpusaurus kohi Xinpusaurus suni Thalattosaurus Wachtlerosaurus Endennasaurus Clarazia Askeptosaurus Anshunsaurus Miodentosaurus Eusaurosphargis holotype Helveticosaurus Vancleavea Diandongosaurus Palatodonta Pappochelys Palacrodon Majiashanosaurus Paraplacodus Placodus gigas Henodus Placochelys Cyamodus Pachypleurosaurus Cartorhynchus Sclerocormus Qianxisaurus Keichousaurus Dianmeisaurus Dawazisaurus Hanosaurus Lariosaurus Corosaurus Nothosaurus Wangosaurus Simosaurus Hauffiosaurus Anningsaura Pistosaurus Yunguisaurus Thalassiodracon Rhomaleosaurus Albertonectes Libonectes Plesiosaurus Trinacromerum Brachauchenius Kronosaurus Proterosuchus SAMPKK10603 Doswellia Youngina BPI 2871 Elachistosuchus Tchoiria Ikechosaurus Champsosaurus Simoedosaurus Cteniogenys Philydrosaurus Lazarussuchus Hyphalosaurus Monjurosuchus GMV216 Monjurosuchus NMM3671 SMNS12591skull Terrestrisuchus Litargosuchus Erpetosuchus Hesperosuchus SMNS12352 partial skull Pedeticosaurus Yonghesuchus Dromicosuchus Sichuanosuchus Protosuchus Sphenosuchus Saltoposuchus Dibothrosuchus Dakosaurus Teleosaurus Pelagosaurus Dyoplax Metriorhynchus Sebecus Isisfordia Crocodylus niloticus Araripesuchus Simosuchus Mariliasuchus Armadillosuchus Caipirasuchus Baurusuchus Herrerasaurus Tchingisaurus Chometokadmon Gekko smithii Lialis Gekko gecko Eublepharis Norellius Ardeosaurus Eichstaettisaurus schroederi Eichstaettisaurus gouldi Jucaraseps Aphanizocnemus Adriosaurus Pontosaurus Primitivus Tetrapodophis Dinilysia Pachyrhachis Boa Crotalus Loxocemus Yabeinosaurus IVPP V13284 Xenopeltis Anilius Cylindrophis Uropeltis Anomochilus Leptotyphlops Bahndwivici FMNH PR2260 Aigialosaurus Tethysaurus Tylosaurus Plotosaurus Not Ascendonanus MNC TA1045 Saniwa ensidens FMNH Estesia Varanus komodensis Varanus griseus Shinisaurus Heloderma Lanthanotus Anniella Gobiderma Ophisaurus Kuroyuriella Myrmecodaptria Elgaria Cryptolacerta Chalcides ocellatus Chalcides guentheri Gymnophthalmus Vanzosaura Sirenoscincus Slavoia MGR-I-112 Sineoamphisbaena Crythiosaurus Spathorhynchus Dibamus Tamaulipasaurus Bipes Amphisbaena Barberenasuchus Eodromaeus Sakurasaurus Limnoscelis Orobates Tseajaia Tetraceratops Milleretta RC14 Milleretta RC70 Bashkyroleter Macroleter Emeroleter Lanthanosuchus Urumqia Bruktererpeton Thuringothyris MNG 7729 Thuringothyris MNG 10183 Reiszorhinus Cephalerpeton Opisthodontosaurus Concordia KUVP 8702a Concordia KUVP 96/95 Romeria primus Saurorictus Romeria texana Protocaptorhinus Paracaptorhinus Eocaptorhinus Captorhinus Labidosaurus Calanguban Acanthodactylus Eolacerta Lacerta Tupinambis Dorsetisaurus Slavoia holotype ZPAL MgR-I/8 Slavoia ZPAL MgR-III/77 Macrocephalosaurus Tianyusaurus Diadectes CM25471 Silvadectes absitus MNG 8853 Phonodus Bolosaurus Belebey Oradectes sanmiguelensis Diadectes UC706 Diadectes sideropelicus Procolophon Kapes Scolaparia NSM 99 GF82.1 Leptopleuron Pentaedrusaurus Hypsognathus Youngina BPI 375 Prolacerta AMNH 9502 Ixalerpeton Czatkowiella Malerisaurus Prolacerta BPI 1/471 Ozimek Protorosaurus NHMW 1943I4* Boreopricea Jaxtasuchus Protorosaurus NMK S 180 Protorosaurus WMsN P47361 Pamelaria Zupaysaurus Megapnosaurus Stephanospondylus Provelosaurus Deltavjatia KPM232 Scutosaurus Bradysaurus NHMW Anthodon Pareiasuchus Pumiliopareia JZC Bu1803 - amber Liushusaurus Purbicella Euposaurus Iguana Trioceros Phrynosoma Basiliscus Anolis Pristidactylus Chlamydosaurus JKZ Bu267 -amber Tawa Staurikosaurus Segisaurus Zuolong Marasuchus Procompsognathus Dracoraptor Coelophysis Dilophosaurus Sinocalliopteryx Buriolestes CAPPA/UFSM 0035 Velociraptor Balaur Haplocheirus Shuvuuia Halszkaraptor Sinornithoides Sauronithoides Jinfengopteryx Anchiornis LPM B00169 Anchiornis PKUP V1068 Anchiornis IVPP V14378 Aurornis Caihong Buitreraptor Sinovenator Eosinopteryx Xiaotingia Elliotsmithia Apsisaurus Aerosaurus Varanops Varanodon Varanosaurus FMNH PR 1760 Varanosaurus BSPHM 1901 XV20 Archaeothyris Ophiacodon Haptodus Pantelosaurus Secodontosaurus Dimetrodon Sphenacodon Ianthodon Edaphosaurus Ianthasaurus Glaucosaurus Cutleria Stenocybus IVPP V18117 Kenyasaurus Galechirus Suminia Venjukovia Eodicynodon Dicynodon Heleosaurus Mycterosaurus FMNH UC169 Nikkasaurus Mesenosaurus PIN 158/1 Mesenosaurus PIN 3706/4 Mesenosaurus PIN 3717/1 Niaftasuchus Beipiaosaurus Rahonavis Jianchangosaurus Limusaurus Caudipteryx Khaan Juravenator Sinosauropteryx Compsognathus holotype Pelecanimimus Aorun Struthiomimus Gallimimus Ornitholestes Scriurumimus Microraptor IVPP V 13352 Microraptor M V1002 Sinornithosaurus holotype Sinornithosaurus NGMC 91 Fukuivenator Masiakasaurus Tianyuraptor Huaxiagnathus Zhenyuanlong Alioramus altai Gorgosaurus Raptorex Tyrannosaurus Reptile Family Tree - Peters 2019 1417 taxa, 231 characters Eoraptor Pampadromaeus Leyesaurus Saturnalia Pantydraco Efraasia Massospondylus adult Massospondylus embryo Yizhousaurus Chilesaurus Daemonosaurus Jeholosaurus Jesairosaurus Hypuronector Vallesaurus Avicranium Megalancosaurus Tridentinosaurus Coelurosauravus Mecistotrachelos Lanthanolania Icarosaurus Kuehneosaurus Xianglong Owenetta rubidgei Owenetta kitchingorum Candelaria Feeserpeton Australothyris Eocasea Delorhynchus Microleter Acleistorhinus Eunotosaurus Eorhynchochelys Oedaleops Eothyris Colobomycter vaughni Colobomycter pholeter Datheosaurus Ennatosaurus Casea Cotylorhynchus Placodus inexpectatus Hipposaurus Biarmosuchus Titanophoneus Procynosuchus Thrinaxodon Prozostrodon Probainognathus Chiniquodon Castorocauda Haldanodon Liaoconodon Pachygenelus Riograndia Chaliminia Oligokyphus Kayentatherium Tritylodon Spinolestes Jeholodens Gobiconodon Repenomamus robustus Repenomamus giganticus Yanoconodon Sinoconodon Brasilodon Haramiyavia Therioherpeton Megazostrodon Alcidedorbignya Maotherium Maelestes Anagale Siamotherium Leptictis Rhynchocyon Harpagolestes macrocephalus Sinonyx Andrewsarchus Hemicentetes Tenrec Leptictidium Indohyus Onychodectes Conoryctella Ectoconus Pantolambda Barylambda Glyptodon Paramylodon Bradypus Peltephilus Fruitafossor Orycteropus Myrmecophaga Holmesina Chlamyphorus Dasypus Tamandua Cyclopes Meniscotherium Orthaspidotherium Titanoides Astrapotherium Phenacodus Thomashuxleya Gobiatherium Arsinoitherium Coryphodon Uintatherium Bathyopsis Mesonyx Harpagolestes Ocepeia Merycopotamus Merycoidodon Agriochoerus Homalodotherium Miocochilius Protypotherium Litolophus Diadiaphorus Embolotherium Eotitanops Metamynodon Aceratherium Hyracotherium Hyracodon Uintaceras Hyrachyus Mesohippus Pappoceras Equus Juxia Paraceratherium Ceratotherium Anisodon grande Pakicetus Maiacetus Mammalodon Coronodon Aetiocetus Zygorhiza Mystacodon Physeter Monodon Delphinapterus Tursiops Orcinus Hippopotamus Anthracobune Cambaytherium Cornwallius Janjucetus Paleoparadoxia Neoparadoxia Desmostylus Behemotops RBCM sp. Eschrichtius Isanacetus Balaenoptera Tokarahia Yamatocetus Maiabalaena Cetiotherium Sitsqwayk Caperea Eubalaena Arganaceras Sphodrosaurus Sclerosaurus Odontochelys Trionyx Perochelys Ocepechelon Bunostegos Elginia mirabilis Elginia wuyongae Niolamia Meiolania Proterochersis Proganochelys Kayentachelys Baena Kallokibotion_UBB ToK-2 Arvinachelys Glyptops Mongolochelys Chubutemys Chelonia Santanachelys Dermochelys Macrochelys temminckii Terrapene carolina Foxemys Carettochelys Pelomedusa Araripemys Chelus Saichangurvel Magnuviator Pleuraspidotherium Periptychus ?Hapalodectes IVPP V2385 70 Anthracodromeus Reptilia Utegenia Balanerpeton Caerorhachis Amphibamus Platyrhinops Dendrerpeton Perryella Cochleosaurus Tersomius Acheloma Platyhistrix Stegops Dissorophus Broiliellus Cacops Ecolsonia Fedexia Tambachia Georgenthalia Micromelerpeton Doleserpeton Apateon Gerobatrachus Andrias Celtedens Rana Utaherpeton Tuditanus Llistrofus Kirktonecta Sauropleura Ptyonius Batropetes Rhynchonkos Asaphestera Micraroter Euryodus primus Pantylus Stegostretus Scincosaurus Batrachiderpeton Keraterpeton Diceratosaurus Diplocaulus Diploceraspis Acherontiscus Microbrachis Adelospondylus Adelogyrinus Chinlestegophis Brachydectes Lysorophus Eocaecilia Dermophis Cheirolepis Eusthenopteron Gogonasus Osteolepis Pholidogaster Colosteus Panderichthys Tiktaalik Greererpeton Koilops Spathicephalus Trimerorhachis Peltobatrachus Dvinosaurus Batrachosuchus Gerrothorax Neldasaurus Trematosaurus Metoposaurus Rhineceps Wantzosaurus Trematosaurus long rostrum Ossinodus Acanthostega MGUH-VP-8160 Deltaherpeton Ventastega Crassigyrinus Pederpes Whatcheeria Baphetes Megalocephalus Sclerocephalus smns90055 Iberospondylus Eryops Nigerpeton Saharastega Ichthyostega Proterogyrinus Eoherpeton Neopteroplax Anthracosaurus Eucritta Discosauriscus Seymouria Makowskia Seymouria.tadpole Guaibasaurus Miohippus Ancodus Lambdotherium Sus Cainotherium Dinohyus Anthracotherium Archaeotherium Danjiangia Ectocion ralstonensis Notostylops Procavia Radinskya Dusisiren Prorastomus Paleomastodon Gomphotherium Elephas Moeritherium Amynodon Note: This tree does not support DNA topologies over long phylogenetic distances. Certain dental traits are convergent and do not define clades. Heptodon Lophiodon Tapirus Protapirus Parotosuchus Oestocephalus Lethiscus Rileymillerus Phlegethontia CGH129 Phlegethontia AMNH6966 Acroplous Eusaurosphargis juvenile Fostercooperia YPM VP 057 103 Junggarsuchus Carnufex Pseudhesperosuchus Trialestes Ariekanerpeton Kotlassia Pseudocrypturus Apteryx Rhynchotus Eudromia Struthio Patagopteryx Casuarius Rhea Cariama Phoenicopterus Sylviornis Sagittarius Falco Pandion Buteo Torgos Apus Parargornis Tyto Aegotheles Llallawavis Yanornis Changzuiornis Jiangchangornis Longicrusavis Jinguofortis Juehuaornis Rhamphocephalus Hongshanornis Dingavis Cryputurus Megapodius Apsaravis Ichthyornis Gansus Hesperornis Coccyzus Monias Ardea Ardeotis Eozygodactylus Butorides Anhima Pterocles Fulica Crex Aepyornis Palaelodus Passer Lonchura Tetrao Gallus Pavo Eogranivora Meleagris Crax Opisthocomus Macrocephalon Dinornis Ara macao Melopsittacus Nestor Gastornis Aramus Rallus Gavia Aechmophorus Thalasseus Charadrius Balearica Jacana Himantopus Eurypyga Grus Chroicocephalus Eocypselus Archilochus Megaceryle Jabiru Cinclus Troglodytes Melanerpes Sitta Uria Aptenodytes Geococcyx Psophia Musophaga Menura Semioptera Paradisaea Corvus Turdus Quiscalus Ciconia Hirundo Cyanocitta Rhynochetos Palaechthon Cynocephalus Chriacus Onychonycteris Rousettus Myotis Tadarida Choeronycteris Zhangheotherium Metachcheiromys Manis Archaeopteryx siemensii Thermopolis Archaeopteryx albersdoerferi Daiting Archaeopteryx siemensii Berlin Liaoning embryo bird Archaeopteryx London Chongmingia Cathayornis Sulcavis Pengornis Chiappeavis Yanornis STM9-52 Iberomesornis Protopteryx Serikornis Archaeopteryx recurva (Eichstätt) Jianianhualong Liaoningvenator Sapeornis IVPP V13276 Sapeornis DNHM-F3078 Confuciusornis GMV-2132 Archaeopteryx #11 Confuciusornis MBAv1168 Changchengornis Zhongornis Archaeornithura Vegavis Ostromia - Haarlem Oedicnemus Falcarius Caluromys Ectocion cedrus UM 8615 Micromeryx Giraffa Camelus 98 Miocaperea Chonecetus Archaeopteryx 12 private Archaeopteryx bavarica (Munich) Jeholornis prima Jeholornis curvipes Hong Kong specimen Mei Scansoriopteryx Yi Epidexipteryx Omnivoropteryx Archaeovolans (=Yanornis) Draco volans Moloch Lyriocephalus Megachirella BRSUG 29950-12 Pleurosaurus Marmoretta Gephyrosaurus Ankylosphenodon Paleopleurosaurus Planocephalosaurus Heleosuchus Kallimodon Sphenodon Brachyrhinodon Clevosaurus Sphenotitan Leptosaurus Vadasaurus Sapheosaurus Noteosuchus Trilophosaurus Azendohsaurus Shringasaurus Eohyosaurus Mesosuchus Priosphenodon Rhynchosaurus articeps Bentonyx Hyperodapedon Colobops Saurosternon Palaegama Polychrus JZC Bu154 in amber Archaeopteryx (Wellnhoferia) grandis Buriolestes ULBRA-PVT280 Pteroglossus Buceros Septencoarcias Pelecanus Catharacta Balaeniceps Fregata Pelagornis Puffinus Macronectes Morus Fraterculus Rynchops Pinguinus Psilopogon Cyrilavis Phaethon Upupa Scopus Phalacrocorax Threskiornis Platalea Anas Anser Mergus Presbyornis Pumiliornis Columba Caloenas Pezophaps Raphus Helornis Aptornis Didunculus Coragyps Vultur Goura Lepidosaurmorpha Archosauromorpha Juramaia Chaoyangodens Brasilitherium Kuehneotherium Cifelliodon Tachyglossus Akidolestes Ornithorhynchus Sinodelphys Theosodon Macrauchenia Chalicotherium? goldfussi Paludidraco Cymatosaurus Lactodens Ptilocercus Tupaia Macroscelides Chrysochloris Necrolestes Apatemys Trogosus Rhyncholestes Caenolestes Uropsilus Scutisorex Limnogale Microgale cowani Potamogale Micropotamogale Zalambdalestes Solenodon Henkelotherium Gomphos Ochotona Oryctolagus Brachyerix Erinaceus Pholidocercus Echinops Thomomys Heterocephalus Ceratogaulus Coendou Maiopatagium Pectinator Neoreomys Chinchilla Cavia Allactaga Pedestes Hydrochoerus Shenshou Vilevolodon Rattus Mus Paramys Ratufa Sciurus Paulchoffatia Ignacius Plesiadapis Daubentonia Carpolestes Arboroharamiya Megaconus Rugosodon Xianshou Kryptobaatar Catopsbaatar Ptilodus Yubaatar Taeniolabis Mirischia Colius Pharomachrus Brachiosaurus Camarasaurus Diplodocus Rapetosaurus Pteropus Vulpavus Protictis Nandinia Procyon Ailurus Prohesperocyon Herpestes Cryptoprocta Eupleres Talpa Miacis Hyopsodus Enaliarctos Desmatophoca Pithanotaria Zalophus Proteles Canis Amphicyon major Hesperocyon Panthera Crocuta Amphicyon galushi Mustela Ailuropoda Puijila Neotherium Ursus maritimus Ursus arctos Gulo Arctodus Kerberos Patriofelis Sarkastodon Stylinodon Ectoganus Machaeroides Amphicynodon Psittacotherium Palaeosinopa Phoca Odobenus Diplovertebron Romeriscus Bystrowiella Solenodonsaurus Laosuchus Chroniosaurus PIN3585/124 Chroniosaurus Chroniosuchus Haya Pisanosaurus Scelidosaurus Emausaurus Minmi Agilisaurus Stegoceras Convolosaurus Kulindadromaeus Tianyulong Heterodontosaurus Lesothosaurus Scutellosaurus Liaoningosaurus Stegosaurus Changchunsaurus Dryosaurus Edmontosaurus Laquintasaura Aquilops Hexinlusaurus Yinlong Psittacosaurus mongoliensis Liaoceratops Auroraceratops Leptoceratops Stenopelix Triceratops adult Triceratops juvenile Chasmosaurus adult Chasmosaurusjuvenile Compsognathus CNJ79 Proceratosaurus Scipionyx Deinocheirus Xiongguanlong Suchomimus Spinosaurus Murusraptor Dilong Guanlong Megaraptor Yutyrannus Sinraptor Majungasaurus Carnotaurus Allosaurus Sinosaurus Monolophosaurus Acrocanthosaurus Eustreptospondylus Ceratosaurus Tanycolagreus 83 92 100 67 76 78 <50 62 92 92 70 97 71 80 62 62 67 77 Anchiornis BMNHC PH804 Barlochersaurus Llanocetus Eohupehsuchus Eretmorhipis WGCS V26020 Parahupehsuchus Hupehsuchus Litorosuchus Ukhaatherium Hadrocodium Morganucodon Volaticotherium Eomaia Agilodocodon Acristatherium Cronopio Didelphis Ambolestes Monodelphis Chironectes Vincelestes Huerfanodon Thylacosmilus Glironia Marmosops Dromiciops Marmosa Asioryctes Asioryctes long rostrum Permeles Macrotis Myrmecobius Dasycercus Anebodon Docofossor Notoryctes Dasyuroides Interatherium Mesotherium Hegetotherium Euygenium Toxodon Procoptodon Nambaroo Potorous Pseudocheirus Proargyrolagus Dendrolagus Macropus Diprotodon Propalorchestes Palorchestes Phascolarctos Vombatus Pyrotherium Paedotherium Groeberia Vintana Balbaroo Phalanger Petaurus Dactylopsia Thylacoleo Dasyurus Patagosmilus Schowalteria Callistoe Sinopa Sarcophilus Ernanodon Thylacinus Oxyaena Austraolhyaena Thylophorops not Amphicyon Arctocyon Deltatheridium Deltatherium Hyaenodon Didelphodon Masrasector Borhyaena Amphicyon idoneus Macrocollum Tijubina Bavarisaurus macrodactylus Huehuecuetzpalli Dinocephalosaurus LPV 30280 w embryo Macrocnemus T2472 Macrocnemus T4822 Macrocnemus T4823 Pectodens Tanystropheus k and q Tanytrachelos Triopticus Macrocnemus BES SC 111 Langobardisaurus P10121 Langobardisaurus MCSNB 2883 Langobardisaurus MCSNB 4860 Langobardisaurus MFSN1921 Cosesaurus Kyrgyzsaurus Sharovipteryx Longisquama Bergamodactylus Eudimorphodon Preondactyluis Dimorphodon ?Hapalodectes IVPP V5235 Notharctus Lemur Indri Smilodectes Alouatta Rooneyia Aotus Aegyptopithecus Archicebus Darwinius Tarsius Macaca Proconsul Pan Gorilla Ardipithecus Homo sapiens Conoryctes Perodicticus Galago Coeruleodraco Echinosorex Deinogalerix Chenoprosopus Eofringillirostrom 88 100 74 87 82 89 95 95 87 75 79 98 87 100 97 87 100 100 92 72 75 85 72 94 83 85 100 100 100 98 100 72 84 89 100 94 98 60 100 91 85 100 73 66 94 <50 99 80 <50 95 99 60 63 82 99 77 91 78 87 84 93 94 85 94 82 100 91 94 99 97 97 99 96 100 95 84 80 93 84 60 95 97 72 92 90 99 85 98 100 89 97 57 65 54 57 80 62 81 88 95 89 89 98 89 55 92 81 70 90 75 77 96 95 64 51 100 <50 91 93 78 56 80 55 85 78 82 73 64 60 95 62 98 62 80 79 98 97 66 84 81 76 89 55 71 62 60 94 99 90 71 95 89 91 87 81 93 96 91 100 83 57 92 90 88 94 95 95 76 75 88 84 100 79 98 62 57 80 65 89 72 75 78 55 100 95 90 67 93 99 86 92 76 61 69 79 96 96 99 83 100 77 94 98 87 <50 79 83 68 100 100 100 97 86 98 77 99 97 99 98 83 100 100 92 58 64 53 <50 <50 53 62 95 96 63 85 <50 99 93 97 88 100 86 93 98 99 88 92 96 99 99 97 85 89 100 99 87 96 92 66 73 77 99 97 81 100 91 100 97 88 98 100 100 90 90 98 96 97 99 91 82 84 84 <50 87 51 93 100 95 96 88 71 67 65 69 67 91 73 73 79 100 100 95 94 100 79 100 97 98 100 95 86 62 60 86 100 98 98 89 89 96 78 55 65 100 90 75 79 83 77 100 69 93 86 100 93 70 94 99 100 99 99 92 99 99 97 70 80 98 99 100 96 74 66 86 96 99 88 86 <50 98 95 95 75 67 72 98 71 98 92 96 58 98 52 69 98 98 98 99 84 94 87 85 57 78 84 64 51 79 100 <50 99 95 95 82 83 99 68 87 81 66 91 100 57 65 70 83 55 84 66 80 67 99 78 69 93 67 95 75 99 83 78 85 77 88 100 91 96 55 80 80 50 90 76 93 63 <50 91 82 82 61 100 91 81 84 84 67 <50 86 90 84 89 82 76 80 97 97 82 100 85 99 82 87 97 62 62 52 71 82 83 94 100 81 99 94 <50 <50 Archaeothyris Haptodus Dimetrodon Edaphosaurus Varanosaurus Ophiacodon Cutleria Stenocybus IVPP V18117 Galechirus Galepus Galeops Patranomodon Suminia Eodicynodon Dicynodon Venjukovia Otsheria Anomocephalus Tiarajudens Hipposaurus Ictidorhinus Herpetoskylax Lemurosaurus Proburnetia Burnetia Biarmosuchus Eotitanosuchus Cyonosaurus Promoschorhynchus Scymnognathus Gorgonops Aelurognathus Lycosuchus Procynosuchus Thrinaxodon Chiniquodon Pachygenelus Megazostrodon IVPP V18119 Microurania IVPP V18120 Sinophoneus Deuterosaurus Estemmenosuchus uralensis Estemmenosuchus miribilis Phthinosuchus Archaeosyodon Australosyodon Syodon Titanophoneus Anteosaurus magnificus Anteosaurus abeli Biseridens Jonkeria Struthiocephalus Struthionops Moschops Ulemosaurus 84 88 86 68 79 81 89 70 98 85 100 89 98 94 51 93 100 68 85 100 55 60 99 93 100 98 83 92 82 97 97 81 95 90 100 99 100 66 69 68 77 87 100 76 74 79 86 89 89 92 88 81 98 95 92 57 66 87 98 68 86 63 86 86 88 99 99 98 98 100 75 98 98 99 97 81 98 100 96 98 94 95 93 85 96 88 100 100 100 93 66 74 94 98 70 55 70 93 93 63 99 74 85 63 98 85 72 50 90 73 85 91 97 81 88 73 91 81 74 84 100 100 100 99 83 86 96 96 100 89 9 4 <50 <50 64 100 71 87 100 100 95 97 91 80 87 91 <50 95 83 78 <50 85 67 98 81 90 100 98 98 73 79 75 69 87 99 76 80 71 66 80 81 71 100 100 99 86 67 97 95 75 95 90 90 97 100 55 56 94 90 88 95 <50 96 75 56 94 100 66 <50 77 77 100 88 88 85 90 100 75 54 87 100 <50 100 94 78 85 99 53 55 56 92 64 61 <50 99 <50 78 <50 81 75 90 100 100 95 90 93 85 98 96 90 51 89 95 79 95 75 73 73 94 96 94 100 72 100 92 97 100 80 82 100 100 78 99 79 97 81 51 82 78 <50 88 87 98 81 74 99 94 100 95 94 97 88 69 73 74 97 99 95 93 99 56 65 100 73 85 <50 68 76 58 83 95 77 85 55 77 95 79 87 94 96 99 98 98 97 <50 100 58 93 76 98 95 93 <50 54 50 96 95 98 91 86 86 77 78 95 99 72 80 63 58 58 58 85 90 77 71 69 87 96 82 98 79 89 <50 99 95 92 96 83 <50 <50 82 82 88 98 73 100 96 97 <50 92 93 85 78 76 71 77 99 100 100 98 75 95 60 64 88 65 65 95 85 96 72 86 99 81 100 89 94 96 69 100 92 99 99 99 91 91 95 95 96 66 Basal Therapsida 59 taxa 75 skull only characters 82 87 95 96 97 94 100 76 95 97 95 51 78 <50 74 74 88 99 96 91 85 85 100 97 94 93 89 88 93 87 92 97 96 83 82 74 99 100 83 75 100 88 100 91 81 52 98 98 100 66 99 100 87 <50 64 79 100 55 92 69 73 92 89 60 83 73 84 80 85 95 85 98 100 52 <50 <50 98 88 91 84 84 92 98 100 100 89 97 67 100 73 51 70 <50 72 93 65 81 98 82 95 98 95 82 76 76 79 <50 77 96 81 95 69 83 87 87 93 94 94 97 80 84 94 72 89 68 91 96 71 95 94 94 <50 <50 71 86 88 77 96 99 99 <50 98 70 87 70 89 100 96 87 96 63 87 83 89 73 65 83 93 66 86 57 80 98 97 78 90 68 77 78 62 88 60 73 94 100 99 73 79 98 94 98 91 82 Bootstrap scores are based on testing overlapping subsets due to limitations in computing power. 94 99 94 95 88 99 100 100 92 99 90 97 87 87 89 100 100 95 92 100 84 67 83 76 60 75 79 68 64 100 90 62 80 87 80 91 88 100 97 88 62 97 90 99 91 79 100 98 89 100 99 90 77 96 100 100 100 82 74 95 <50 79 57 90 79 93 95 60 96 65 74 64 90 75 67 87 95 93 98 87 73 85 90 87 78 63 71 63 95 64 97 100 61 94 61 88 74 64 82 100 64 57 95 98 98 67 85 67 80 93 95 91 89 <50 88 99 96 98 88 88 75 97 75 93 99 68 79 93 88 80 89 88 78 <50 72 77 59 96 83 85 59 80 97 <50 77 77 100 81 67 97 81 80 94 83 100 86 74 74 99 61 92 66 86 54 77 92 100 99 80 89 74 61 54 91 <50 75 84 82 84 84 95 85 85 85 85 100 <50 53 72 61 88 90 98 97 71 96 91 83 <50 <50 <50 95 78 63 73 78 96 73 84 93 98 100 91 98 99 <50 67 70 <50 77 98 55 75 76 Priacodon Trioracodon Tinodon Shuotherium Ausktribosphenos Amphitherium Docodon Dryolestes 85 99 81 91 <50 88 93 <50 100 100 52 89 <50 74 76 85 93 95 72 88 <50 <50 62 <50 <50 82 79 62 67 99 77 77 98 92 79 <50 95 85 67 67 <50 61 99 62 88 100 100 100 82 77 78 85 94 97 99 58 59 76 Milosaurus Antarctanax 83 100 70 65 80 57 81 84 62 91 84 77 99 94 100 59 76 75 69 70 84 84 87 77 93 96 90 100 100 100 88 96 91 99 82 100 52 68 91 97 Teilhardina 100 Cimolestes 98 100 100 100 93 83 79 100 100 93 100 99 86 59 100 76 84 <50 <50 <50 84 72 72 86 97 96 88 71 100 87 99 69 94 94 98 82 70 95 98 62 64 64 79 74 96 62 100 100 100 <50

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Page 1: Reptile Family Tree - Peters 2019 1413 taxa, 231 charactersreptileevolution.com/images/tetrapods/LargeReptileFamilyTree.pdf · Ectocion cedrus UM 8615 Micromeryx Giraffa Camelus 98

Silvanerpeton

EusauropleuraGephyrostegeus bohemicus

Schoenesmahl (formerly Bavarisaurus)FraxinisauraLacertulus

Daohugou lizard IVPP V13747

Meyasaurus

Carusia

Hoyalacerta

Homoeosaurus solnhofensisIPB R 535 Homoeosaurus tail

IVPP V14386Dalinghosaurus

Eldeceeon 1990.7.1Eldeceeon holotype

Tulerpeton

WestlothianaCasineriaBrouffia

PaleothyrisCoelostegus

Hylonomus

Protorothyris MCZ1532

EudibamusAphelosaurusPetrolacosaurusAraeoscelisSpinoaequalisGalesphyrusYoungina BPI 3859AcerosodontosaurusThadeosaurusTangasaurusHovasaurusClaudiosaurusAdelosaurusAtopodentatus

LargocephalosaurusOmphalosaurus

Sinosaurosphargis

Anarosaurus

Youngina SAM K7710

Youngina TM 3603Youngopsis rubidgei RC90Youngopsis kitchingi TM1490Youngoides RC91Youngina AMNH 5561Youngoides UC1528

Proterosuchus BPI 1 4016

Chasmatosaurus NMQR 1484Teyujagua

Proterosuchus RC96

Euparkeria SAM PK K5867Euparkeria SAM PK K6047A

OsmolskinaTasmaniosaurusRevueltosaurusFugusuchusGarjainiaErythrosuchusLuperosuchusShansisuchus

RiojasuchusOrnithosuchus

VjushkoviaPrestosuchusBatrachotomusSaurosuchus

SmokTeratosaurusCM73372

SikannisuchusPostosuchus

DecuriasuchusPagosvenatorTurfanosuchusPoposaurusSacisaurusSilesaurusLotosaurusShuvosaurusEffigia

Protorothyris CM 8617Protorothyris MCZ 2149Vaughnictis

Cabarzia

MFSN 19235Scandensia

ArchaeovenatorAnningia

OrovenatorPyoziaBroomiaMilleropsis BPI-720Erpetonyx

Ascendonanus MNC-TA0924

Rauisuchus

PVL 4597

Lewisuchus

TarjadiaParringtonia

GracilisuchusMCZ4116SaltopusScleromochlus

TeleocraterArizonasaurus

YarasuchusQianosuchusNundasuchusTicinosuchusAeotosauroidesAetosaurusStagonolepis

Wumengosaurus

ThaisaurusXinminosaurusUtatsusaurusShastasaurus alexandraeShastasaurus pacificus UCMP 9017

GrippiaMacgowania

MikadocephalusYGMIRSPCV03108ParvinatatorChaohusaurusBesanosaurusQianichthyosaurus CMNH V1412Qianichthyosaurus IVPP V11839Phalarodon fraasiContectopalatus'Phalarodon' nordenskioeldiiMixosaurusCymbospondylus petrinusShonisaurus sikanniensisGuanlingsaurus GNG dq-50Guanlingsaurus YGMR SPC V03107

WimaniusPlatypterygiusGuizhouichthyosaurus tangae IVPP V 11853'Cymbospondylus' buchseriShonisaurus popularisIchthyosaurus communisOphthalmosaurusLeptonectes tenuirostrisHauffiopteryxBRLSI M1399

Suevoleviathan GPIT 328/4/5Suevoleviathan SMNS15390

Eurhinosaurus

Chasmatosaurus QR 880C.500Chasmatosaurus SAM PK 11208Chasmatosaurus TM 201

Elaphrosuchus RC59

Diandongosuchus

Teraterpeton

MesorhinosuchusPaleorhinusParasuchusChanaresuchusProterochampsa PVSJ 77Proterochampsa PVSJ606Pseudochampsa PVSJ 567GualosuchusCerritosaurusTropidosuchus PVL 4601Tropidosuchus PVL 4602Lagerpeton

Nyctiphruretus holotypeNycteroleter

Nyctiphruretus PIN 4659/1

BarasaurusKitchingnathusSantaisaurusSauropareionColettaPaliguanaSophineta

PsilotrachelosaurusPIMUZ AIII 0192SMF R 4710StereosternumBrazilosaurus holotypeMesosaurusnot Eretmorhipis YAGM V1401SerpianosaurusConcavispinaXinpusaurus kohiXinpusaurus suniThalattosaurusWachtlerosaurusEndennasaurusClarazia

AskeptosaurusAnshunsaurusMiodentosaurus

Eusaurosphargis holotypeHelveticosaurusVancleavea

DiandongosaurusPalatodontaPappochelysPalacrodonMajiashanosaurusParaplacodus

Placodus gigasHenodusPlacochelysCyamodus

Pachypleurosaurus

CartorhynchusSclerocormus

Qianxisaurus

KeichousaurusDianmeisaurusDawazisaurusHanosaurus

LariosaurusCorosaurus

Nothosaurus

Wangosaurus

SimosaurusHauffiosaurusAnningsaura

PistosaurusYunguisaurusThalassiodraconRhomaleosaurus

AlbertonectesLibonectesPlesiosaurus

TrinacromerumBrachaucheniusKronosaurus

Proterosuchus SAMPKK10603DoswelliaYoungina BPI 2871ElachistosuchusTchoiriaIkechosaurusChampsosaurusSimoedosaurusCteniogenys

PhilydrosaurusLazarussuchusHyphalosaurusMonjurosuchus GMV216Monjurosuchus NMM3671

SMNS12591skullTerrestrisuchus

LitargosuchusErpetosuchus

HesperosuchusSMNS12352 partial skull

PedeticosaurusYonghesuchusDromicosuchusSichuanosuchusProtosuchusSphenosuchusSaltoposuchusDibothrosuchus

DakosaurusTeleosaurusPelagosaurusDyoplax

MetriorhynchusSebecusIsisfordiaCrocodylus niloticusAraripesuchusSimosuchus

MariliasuchusArmadillosuchus

CaipirasuchusBaurusuchus

Herrerasaurus

TchingisaurusChometokadmonGekko smithiiLialisGekko geckoEublepharisNorelliusArdeosaurusEichstaettisaurus schroederiEichstaettisaurus gouldiJucaraseps

AphanizocnemusAdriosaurusPontosaurusPrimitivus

TetrapodophisDinilysiaPachyrhachisBoaCrotalusLoxocemus

Yabeinosaurus IVPP V13284

XenopeltisAniliusCylindrophisUropeltisAnomochilusLeptotyphlops

Bahndwivici FMNH PR2260

AigialosaurusTethysaurusTylosaurusPlotosaurus

Not Ascendonanus MNC TA1045

Saniwa ensidens FMNHEstesiaVaranus komodensisVaranus griseus

ShinisaurusHelodermaLanthanotusAnniellaGobiderma

OphisaurusKuroyuriella

MyrmecodaptriaElgaria

Cryptolacerta

Chalcides ocellatusChalcides guentheriGymnophthalmusVanzosauraSirenoscincusSlavoia MGR-I-112SineoamphisbaenaCrythiosaurusSpathorhynchus

DibamusTamaulipasaurus

BipesAmphisbaena

BarberenasuchusEodromaeus

Sakurasaurus

LimnoscelisOrobatesTseajaiaTetraceratopsMilleretta RC14Milleretta RC70

BashkyroleterMacroleterEmeroleterLanthanosuchus

UrumqiaBruktererpetonThuringothyris MNG 7729Thuringothyris MNG 10183

Reiszorhinus

CephalerpetonOpisthodontosaurus

Concordia KUVP 8702aConcordia KUVP 96/95Romeria primus

Saurorictus

Romeria texanaProtocaptorhinusParacaptorhinusEocaptorhinusCaptorhinusLabidosaurus

Calanguban

Acanthodactylus

EolacertaLacerta

TupinambisDorsetisaurus

Slavoia holotype ZPAL MgR-I/8Slavoia ZPAL MgR-III/77MacrocephalosaurusTianyusaurus

Diadectes CM25471Silvadectes absitus MNG 8853PhonodusBolosaurusBelebeyOradectes sanmiguelensisDiadectes UC706Diadectes sideropelicusProcolophonKapesScolaparia NSM 99 GF82.1LeptopleuronPentaedrusaurusHypsognathus

Youngina BPI 375Prolacerta AMNH 9502IxalerpetonCzatkowiellaMalerisaurusProlacerta BPI 1/471OzimekProtorosaurus NHMW 1943I4*Boreopricea

Jaxtasuchus

Protorosaurus NMK S 180

Protorosaurus WMsN P47361Pamelaria

ZupaysaurusMegapnosaurus

StephanospondylusProvelosaurusDeltavjatia KPM232ScutosaurusBradysaurus NHMWAnthodonPareiasuchusPumiliopareia

JZC Bu1803 - amberLiushusaurusPurbicella

EuposaurusIguana

TriocerosPhrynosoma

BasiliscusAnolis

Pristidactylus

Chlamydosaurus

JKZ Bu267 -amber

Tawa

Staurikosaurus

SegisaurusZuolong

MarasuchusProcompsognathus

Dracoraptor

CoelophysisDilophosaurus

Sinocalliopteryx

Buriolestes CAPPA/UFSM 0035

VelociraptorBalaurHaplocheirusShuvuuiaHalszkaraptorSinornithoidesSauronithoides

Jinfengopteryx Anchiornis LPM B00169 Anchiornis PKUP V1068Anchiornis IVPP V14378

AurornisCaihongBuitreraptorSinovenator

Eosinopteryx

Xiaotingia

ElliotsmithiaApsisaurusAerosaurusVaranopsVaranodon

Varanosaurus FMNH PR 1760Varanosaurus BSPHM 1901 XV20ArchaeothyrisOphiacodon

HaptodusPantelosaurus

SecodontosaurusDimetrodonSphenacodonIanthodonEdaphosaurusIanthasaurusGlaucosaurus

CutleriaStenocybusIVPP V18117KenyasaurusGalechirusSuminiaVenjukoviaEodicynodonDicynodon

HeleosaurusMycterosaurus FMNH UC169Nikkasaurus

Mesenosaurus PIN 158/1

Mesenosaurus PIN 3706/4Mesenosaurus PIN 3717/1

Niaftasuchus

Beipiaosaurus

RahonavisJianchangosaurusLimusaurusCaudipteryxKhaan

JuravenatorSinosauropteryx

Compsognathus holotypePelecanimimus

AorunStruthiomimusGallimimus

OrnitholestesScriurumimusMicroraptor IVPP V 13352Microraptor M V1002Sinornithosaurus holotypeSinornithosaurus NGMC 91

FukuivenatorMasiakasaurusTianyuraptorHuaxiagnathusZhenyuanlongAlioramus altai

GorgosaurusRaptorex

Tyrannosaurus

Reptile Family Tree - Peters 2019 1417 taxa, 231 characters

EoraptorPampadromaeus

LeyesaurusSaturnaliaPantydracoEfraasia

Massospondylus adultMassospondylus embryoYizhousaurus

ChilesaurusDaemonosaurusJeholosaurus

JesairosaurusHypuronector

VallesaurusAvicranium

Megalancosaurus

TridentinosaurusCoelurosauravusMecistotrachelosLanthanolaniaIcarosaurusKuehneosaurusXianglong

Owenetta rubidgeiOwenetta kitchingorumCandelaria

FeeserpetonAustralothyrisEocaseaDelorhynchusMicroleterAcleistorhinusEunotosaurusEorhynchochelys

OedaleopsEothyrisColobomycter vaughniColobomycter pholeterDatheosaurusEnnatosaurusCaseaCotylorhynchus

Placodus inexpectatus

HipposaurusBiarmosuchusTitanophoneusProcynosuchusThrinaxodonProzostrodonProbainognathusChiniquodonCastorocaudaHaldanodon

Liaoconodon

Pachygenelus

RiograndiaChaliminia

OligokyphusKayentatheriumTritylodonSpinolestesJeholodens

GobiconodonRepenomamus robustusRepenomamus giganticus

Yanoconodon

SinoconodonBrasilodonHaramiyavia

Therioherpeton

Megazostrodon

Alcidedorbignya

Maotherium

Maelestes

AnagaleSiamotherium

LeptictisRhynchocyonHarpagolestes macrocephalusSinonyx

AndrewsarchusHemicentetesTenrecLeptictidiumIndohyus

OnychodectesConoryctella

EctoconusPantolambda Barylambda

GlyptodonParamylodonBradypusPeltephilusFruitafossor

Orycteropus

Myrmecophaga

HolmesinaChlamyphorus

DasypusTamanduaCyclopes

MeniscotheriumOrthaspidotheriumTitanoides

AstrapotheriumPhenacodusThomashuxleya

GobiatheriumArsinoitheriumCoryphodonUintatheriumBathyopsis

MesonyxHarpagolestesOcepeiaMerycopotamus

MerycoidodonAgriochoerus

HomalodotheriumMiocochiliusProtypotherium

LitolophusDiadiaphorus

EmbolotheriumEotitanops

MetamynodonAceratherium

Hyracotherium

HyracodonUintaceras

Hyrachyus

Mesohippus

Pappoceras

Equus

JuxiaParaceratherium

Ceratotherium

Anisodon grande

PakicetusMaiacetus

Mammalodon

CoronodonAetiocetus

Zygorhiza

Mystacodon

Physeter

MonodonDelphinapterusTursiopsOrcinus

Hippopotamus

AnthracobuneCambaytheriumCornwallius

Janjucetus

PaleoparadoxiaNeoparadoxia

Desmostylus

Behemotops RBCM sp.

EschrichtiusIsanacetusBalaenoptera

TokarahiaYamatocetusMaiabalaena

CetiotheriumSitsqwayk

CapereaEubalaena

ArganacerasSphodrosaurusSclerosaurus

Odontochelys

TrionyxPerochelys

Ocepechelon

Bunostegos

Elginia mirabilisElginia wuyongae

NiolamiaMeiolaniaProterochersisProganochelys

KayentachelysBaena

Kallokibotion_UBB ToK-2Arvinachelys

GlyptopsMongolochelysChubutemysCheloniaSantanachelysDermochelys

Macrochelys temminckiiTerrapene carolinaFoxemys

Carettochelys

PelomedusaAraripemysChelus

SaichangurvelMagnuviator

PleuraspidotheriumPeriptychus

?Hapalodectes IVPP V2385

70

Anthracodromeus

Reptilia

UtegeniaBalanerpetonCaerorhachisAmphibamusPlatyrhinops

DendrerpetonPerryella

Cochleosaurus

Tersomius

AchelomaPlatyhistrix

Stegops

Dissorophus

BroiliellusCacops

EcolsoniaFedexiaTambachia

GeorgenthaliaMicromelerpetonDoleserpetonApateonGerobatrachusAndriasCeltedensRana

UtaherpetonTuditanusLlistrofus

KirktonectaSauropleuraPtyonius

BatropetesRhynchonkos

Asaphestera

MicraroterEuryodus primus

PantylusStegostretus

Scincosaurus

BatrachiderpetonKeraterpetonDiceratosaurusDiplocaulusDiploceraspisAcherontiscus

MicrobrachisAdelospondylusAdelogyrinusChinlestegophisBrachydectesLysorophusEocaeciliaDermophis

CheirolepisEusthenopteronGogonasusOsteolepis

PholidogasterColosteusPanderichthysTiktaalik

GreererpetonKoilopsSpathicephalus Trimerorhachis

PeltobatrachusDvinosaurusBatrachosuchusGerrothoraxNeldasaurusTrematosaurusMetoposaurusRhineceps

WantzosaurusTrematosaurus long rostrumOssinodus

AcanthostegaMGUH-VP-8160

DeltaherpetonVentastega

Crassigyrinus

PederpesWhatcheeria

BaphetesMegalocephalusSclerocephalus smns90055IberospondylusEryops

NigerpetonSaharastega

IchthyostegaProterogyrinusEoherpetonNeopteroplaxAnthracosaurus

Eucritta

DiscosauriscusSeymouria

MakowskiaSeymouria.tadpole

Guaibasaurus

Miohippus

AncodusLambdotherium

SusCainotherium

Dinohyus

AnthracotheriumArchaeotherium

Danjiangia

Ectocion ralstonensis

NotostylopsProcaviaRadinskya

DusisirenProrastomus

PaleomastodonGomphotheriumElephas

Moeritherium

Amynodon

Note: This tree does not support DNA topologies over long phylogenetic distances.Certain dental traits are convergent and do not define clades.

HeptodonLophiodonTapirusProtapirus

Parotosuchus

OestocephalusLethiscus

RileymillerusPhlegethontia CGH129Phlegethontia AMNH6966

Acroplous

Eusaurosphargis juvenile

Fostercooperia

YPM VP 057 103Junggarsuchus

CarnufexPseudhesperosuchusTrialestes

AriekanerpetonKotlassia

PseudocrypturusApteryx

RhynchotusEudromia

StruthioPatagopteryx

CasuariusRhea

CariamaPhoenicopterusSylviornis

SagittariusFalcoPandion

ButeoTorgos

ApusParargornis

TytoAegotheles

Llallawavis

Yanornis

ChangzuiornisJiangchangornis

LongicrusavisJinguofortis

Juehuaornis

RhamphocephalusHongshanornisDingavisCryputurusMegapodius

ApsaravisIchthyornisGansusHesperornis

CoccyzusMonias

Ardea

Ardeotis

Eozygodactylus

Butorides

AnhimaPteroclesFulica

Crex

AepyornisPalaelodus

PasserLonchuraTetrao

GallusPavo

EogranivoraMeleagris

Crax

OpisthocomusMacrocephalon

Dinornis

Ara macaoMelopsittacusNestor

Gastornis

AramusRallus

GaviaAechmophorus

Thalasseus

Charadrius

BalearicaJacana

Himantopus

EurypygaGrus

ChroicocephalusEocypselusArchilochus

MegaceryleJabiru

CinclusTroglodytes

MelanerpesSitta

UriaAptenodytes

Geococcyx

PsophiaMusophaga

MenuraSemiopteraParadisaea

CorvusTurdus

Quiscalus

Ciconia

Hirundo

Cyanocitta

Rhynochetos

PalaechthonCynocephalus

ChriacusOnychonycteris

Rousettus

MyotisTadarida

Choeronycteris

ZhangheotheriumMetachcheiromysManis

Archaeopteryx siemensii Thermopolis

Archaeopteryx albersdoerferi Daiting

Archaeopteryx siemensii BerlinLiaoning embryo birdArchaeopteryx LondonChongmingiaCathayornisSulcavisPengornisChiappeavis

Yanornis STM9-52

IberomesornisProtopteryx

SerikornisArchaeopteryx recurva (Eichstätt)JianianhualongLiaoningvenator

Sapeornis IVPP V13276Sapeornis DNHM-F3078

Confuciusornis GMV-2132

Archaeopteryx #11

Confuciusornis MBAv1168Changchengornis

Zhongornis

ArchaeornithuraVegavis

Ostromia - Haarlem

Oedicnemus

Falcarius

Caluromys

Ectocion cedrus UM 8615

MicromeryxGiraffa

Camelus

98

Miocaperea

Chonecetus

Archaeopteryx 12 private

Archaeopteryx bavarica (Munich)Jeholornis primaJeholornis curvipesHong Kong specimen

Mei

ScansoriopteryxYi

EpidexipteryxOmnivoropteryx

Archaeovolans (=Yanornis)

Draco volansMoloch

Lyriocephalus

MegachirellaBRSUG 29950-12

Pleurosaurus

MarmorettaGephyrosaurusAnkylosphenodonPaleopleurosaurusPlanocephalosaurusHeleosuchusKallimodonSphenodonBrachyrhinodonClevosaurusSphenotitanLeptosaurusVadasaurusSapheosaurusNoteosuchus

TrilophosaurusAzendohsaurusShringasaurus

EohyosaurusMesosuchusPriosphenodonRhynchosaurus articepsBentonyxHyperodapedon

Colobops

SaurosternonPalaegama

PolychrusJZC Bu154 in amber

Archaeopteryx (Wellnhoferia) grandis

Buriolestes ULBRA-PVT280

PteroglossusBuceros

Septencoarcias

Pelecanus

Catharacta

Balaeniceps

Fregata

PelagornisPuffinus

MacronectesMorus

Fraterculus

RynchopsPinguinus

Psilopogon

Cyrilavis

Phaethon

Upupa

Scopus

Phalacrocorax

ThreskiornisPlatalea

AnasAnserMergusPresbyornisPumiliornis

ColumbaCaloenas

PezophapsRaphus

Helornis

Aptornis

Didunculus

CoragypsVultur

Goura

Lepidosaurmorpha

Archosauromorpha

JuramaiaChaoyangodensBrasilitheriumKuehneotherium

CifelliodonTachyglossusAkidolestesOrnithorhynchus

Sinodelphys

TheosodonMacrauchenia

Chalicotherium? goldfussi

Paludidraco

Cymatosaurus

Lactodens

Ptilocercus

TupaiaMacroscelidesChrysochlorisNecrolestes

ApatemysTrogosus

RhyncholestesCaenolestes

UropsilusScutisorexLimnogaleMicrogale cowaniPotamogaleMicropotamogaleZalambdalestes

SolenodonHenkelotherium

GomphosOchotona

OryctolagusBrachyerix

ErinaceusPholidocercus

Echinops

ThomomysHeterocephalusCeratogaulusCoendou

MaiopatagiumPectinatorNeoreomysChinchilla

CaviaAllactagaPedestes

Hydrochoerus

ShenshouVilevolodon

RattusMusParamysRatufaSciurus

Paulchoffatia

IgnaciusPlesiadapisDaubentoniaCarpolestesArboroharamiya

Megaconus

RugosodonXianshou

KryptobaatarCatopsbaatar

PtilodusYubaatarTaeniolabis

Mirischia

ColiusPharomachrus

BrachiosaurusCamarasaurus

DiplodocusRapetosaurus

Pteropus

VulpavusProtictisNandinia

ProcyonAilurus

Prohesperocyon

HerpestesCryptoproctaEupleres

Talpa

MiacisHyopsodusEnaliarctosDesmatophocaPithanotariaZalophusProtelesCanisAmphicyon majorHesperocyonPantheraCrocutaAmphicyon galushi

MustelaAiluropoda

PuijilaNeotherium

Ursus maritimusUrsus arctos

GuloArctodusKerberosPatriofelisSarkastodon

StylinodonEctoganusMachaeroides

AmphicynodonPsittacotheriumPalaeosinopaPhocaOdobenus

DiplovertebronRomeriscusBystrowiellaSolenodonsaurus

Laosuchus

Chroniosaurus PIN3585/124ChroniosaurusChroniosuchus

HayaPisanosaurusScelidosaurusEmausaurusMinmiAgilisaurusStegoceras

ConvolosaurusKulindadromaeus

TianyulongHeterodontosaurusLesothosaurusScutellosaurusLiaoningosaurusStegosaurusChangchunsaurusDryosaurusEdmontosaurusLaquintasauraAquilopsHexinlusaurusYinlongPsittacosaurus mongoliensisLiaoceratopsAuroraceratopsLeptoceratops

StenopelixTriceratops adultTriceratops juvenileChasmosaurus adultChasmosaurusjuvenile

Compsognathus CNJ79

ProceratosaurusScipionyx

Deinocheirus

XiongguanlongSuchomimusSpinosaurus

MurusraptorDilong

Guanlong

Megaraptor

Yutyrannus

SinraptorMajungasaurusCarnotaurus

AllosaurusSinosaurusMonolophosaurusAcrocanthosaurusEustreptospondylusCeratosaurus

Tanycolagreus

83

92

10067

7678

<50

62

92

92

7097

7180

62

62

67

77

Anchiornis BMNHC PH804

Barlochersaurus

Llanocetus

EohupehsuchusEretmorhipis WGCS V26020

ParahupehsuchusHupehsuchus

Litorosuchus

UkhaatheriumHadrocodiumMorganucodonVolaticotheriumEomaia

AgilodocodonAcristatheriumCronopioDidelphisAmbolestes

MonodelphisChironectes

VincelestesHuerfanodon

Thylacosmilus

GlironiaMarmosops

Dromiciops

MarmosaAsioryctesAsioryctes long rostrumPermelesMacrotis

MyrmecobiusDasycercus

AnebodonDocofossorNotoryctes

Dasyuroides

Interatherium

MesotheriumHegetotherium

EuygeniumToxodonProcoptodonNambaroo

PotorousPseudocheirus

ProargyrolagusDendrolagusMacropus

DiprotodonPropalorchestesPalorchestes

PhascolarctosVombatusPyrotherium

PaedotheriumGroeberiaVintanaBalbarooPhalangerPetaurusDactylopsiaThylacoleo

Dasyurus

Patagosmilus

Schowalteria

Callistoe

SinopaSarcophilusErnanodonThylacinus

OxyaenaAustraolhyaena

Thylophoropsnot Amphicyon

Arctocyon

Deltatheridium

Deltatherium

Hyaenodon

Didelphodon

MasrasectorBorhyaena

Amphicyon idoneus

Macrocollum

TijubinaBavarisaurus macrodactylusHuehuecuetzpalliDinocephalosaurusLPV 30280 w embryoMacrocnemus T2472Macrocnemus T4822Macrocnemus T4823PectodensTanystropheus k and qTanytrachelosTriopticusMacrocnemus BES SC 111Langobardisaurus P10121Langobardisaurus MCSNB 2883Langobardisaurus MCSNB 4860Langobardisaurus MFSN1921CosesaurusKyrgyzsaurusSharovipteryxLongisquamaBergamodactylusEudimorphodonPreondactyluisDimorphodon

?Hapalodectes IVPP V5235Notharctus

LemurIndri

SmilodectesAlouattaRooneyiaAotus

AegyptopithecusArchicebusDarwiniusTarsiusMacacaProconsulPanGorillaArdipithecusHomo sapiens

Conoryctes

PerodicticusGalago

Coeruleodraco

EchinosorexDeinogalerix

Chenoprosopus

Eofringillirostrom

88

100

74

87

82

89

95

95

87

75

79

98

87

100

97

87

100100 92

72

75

85

72

94

83

85100

100

100

98100

72

84

89

100

94

98

60

100

91

85

100

73

6694

<50

99

80

<50 959960

63

82

99

7791 78

87

84

93

94

85

94

82

100

9194

99

9797

99

96

100

95

84

8093

84

60

95

9772

92

90

99

85

98100

89

97

57

65

54

57

80

62

81

88

95

89

89

98

89

5592

81

70

90

7577

96

9564

51

100

<509193

7856

80

5585

7882

73

6460

95

62

98

62

8079

9897

66

84

8176

8955

7162

6094

99

90

7195

89

91

87

81

9396

91100

83

5792

9088

9495

95

76

7588

84

100

7998

62

57

80

65

89

72

75

78

55

100

95 90

67

93

99

86

92

76

6169

79

9696

99

83

100

7794

98

87<50

79

8368

100100

100

97

8698

77

9997

9998

83

10010092

58

64

53

<50<50

53

62

95

96

6385

<5099

93

9788

100

86

93

98

99

88

9296

99

9997

8589

100

99

87

96

92

66

7377

99

97

81

100

91

100

97

88

98

100

100

90

90

98

96

97

9991

82

84

84

<50

87

51

93

10095

9688

7167

6569

6791

73

73

79100

100

95

94

100

79

10097

98100

95

86

62

60

86

10098

9889

89

96

78

55

65100

90

75

79

8377

100

6993

86100

9370

9499

10099

9992

99

99

97

7080 98

99

10096

7466

8696

99

88

86

<50

98

95

95

75

67

72

98

7198

9296

5898

5269

9898

98

99

84

94

87

8557

7884

6451

79

100<50

99

95

95

8283

99

6887

81

6691

100

57

65

70

83

55

84

66

80

67 99

78

69

93

67

9575

99

83

7885

77

88

10091

96

55

80

80

5090

76

93

63

<50

91

82

82

61100

91

81

84

84

67

<5086

90

84

89

82

76

80

97

97

82100

8599

82

87

97

62

62

52

7182

8394

100

8199

94<50

<50

ArchaeothyrisHaptodusDimetrodonEdaphosaurusVaranosaurusOphiacodonCutleriaStenocybusIVPP V18117GalechirusGalepusGaleopsPatranomodonSuminiaEodicynodonDicynodonVenjukoviaOtsheriaAnomocephalusTiarajudensHipposaurusIctidorhinusHerpetoskylaxLemurosaurusProburnetiaBurnetiaBiarmosuchusEotitanosuchusCyonosaurusPromoschorhynchusScymnognathusGorgonopsAelurognathusLycosuchusProcynosuchusThrinaxodonChiniquodonPachygenelusMegazostrodonIVPP V18119MicrouraniaIVPP V18120SinophoneusDeuterosaurusEstemmenosuchus uralensisEstemmenosuchus miribilisPhthinosuchusArchaeosyodonAustralosyodonSyodonTitanophoneusAnteosaurus magnificusAnteosaurus abeliBiseridensJonkeriaStruthiocephalusStruthionopsMoschopsUlemosaurus

84

8886

68

79

81

89

7098

85100

89

98

94

51

93

100

68

85100

5560

99

93

100

98

83

92 8297

9781

9590

10099

100

66

6968

77

87100

76

7479

86

89

8992

8881

9895

92

5766

87

9868

86

63

86 86

88

99

99

98

98

10075

98

9899

97

81

98

100

96

98

94

95

9385

96

88100

100

100

93

66

74

94

9870

55

70

93

9363

99

74

85

63

98

85

72

5090

7385

9197

81

8873

91

8174

84

100100

100

9983

86

96

96

100

89

9 4

<50

<5064

100

71

87

100

100

95

97

91

80

87

91

<50

9583

78

<50

85 6798

81

90

100

98

98

73 79

7569

87

99

76

80

71

66

80

81 71

100100

9986

67

97

95

75

9590

90

97

100

55

56

94

90

88

95

<50

96

75

5694

100

66

<50

77

77

100

8888

85

90

100

75

54

87

100

<50

10094

78

85

9953

55

56

92

64

61<50

99<5078

<50

8175

90100

100

9590

9385

9896 90

51

89

95

79

9575

73

73

9496

94100

72

100

92

97

100

80

82

100

100

78

99

7997

81

51

8278

<50

88

8798

81

74

99

94 100

95

94

97

88

6973

74

97

99

95

93

99

56

65 100

7385

<5068

76

58

83

95

778555

7795

7987

94

96

9998

98

97

<50

100

58

93

76

98

95

93

<50

54

50

96

95

98

91

8686

77

7895

99

72

80

63

58

58

58

8590

77

71

69

87

96

82

98

79

89

<50

99

9592

96

83

<50

<50

82

8288

98

73

100

96

97

<50

92

9385

78

7671

77

99

100100

98

75

9560

64

88

65

65

95

8596

7286

99

81

100

8994

96

69

100

92

99

9999

91

9195

95

96

66

Basal Therapsida59 taxa75 skull only characters

82

8795

96

97

94

100

76

9597

95

51

78

<50

74

74

88

99

96

91

85

85

100

97

94

93

89

88

93

87

92

9796

83

82

74

99

100

83

75

100

88

100

91

81

52

98

98

100

66

99

100

87

<50

6479

100 55

92

69

73

92

89

60

83

7384

80

85

95

85

98100

52

<50

<50

98

88

9184

84

92

98

100

100

89

97

67

100

73

51

70

<50

72

93

65

8198

82

95

98

95

82

76

76

79

<50

77

96

81

95

69

8387

87

93

9494

97

8084

94

72

8968

91

96

71

95

9494

<50

<50

71

8688

77

96

9999

<50

9870

87

70

89100

96

87

96

6387

83

89

73

65

83

93

66

86

57

80

98

97

78

90

6877

78

62

88

60

73

94

100

99

73

7998

94

98

91

82

Bootstrap scores are based on testing overlapping subsetsdue to limitations in computing power.

94

99

94

95

88 99

100

100

9299

9097

87

87

89

100

100

9592

10084

67

83

76

60

75

79

68

64

100

90

62

8087

80

91

88

100

97

88

62

97

9099

91

7910098

89

10099

90

77

96

100

100

100

82

74

95

<50

79

57

90

79

93

95

60

96

65

74

64

90

75

67

87

95

9398

87

7385

90

87

78

6371

63

95

64

97

100

61

94

61

88

74

64

82

100

64

57

95

98

98

67

85

67

80

9395

91

89

<50

88

99

96

98

88

88

75

97

7593

99

68

79 93

88

80

89

88

78

<5072

7759

96

83

85

59

80

97<50

77

77

100

81

67

97

81

80

94

83

100

86

74

74

9961

92

66

86

54

77

92

100

99

80

89

74

61

54

91

<50

75

84

82

84

84

95

85

85

85

85

100

<50

53

72

61

8890

98

97

71

96

9183

<50

<50

<50

95

78

63

73

78

96

73

84

93

98

100

91

98

99

<5067

70

<50

77

98

55

75

76

PriacodonTrioracodon

Tinodon

ShuotheriumAusktribosphenosAmphitheriumDocodonDryolestes

85 99

81

91<50

88

93

<50

100100

52

89

<5074

7685

9395

72

88

<50

<50

62

<50

<50

8279

62

67

99

7777

9892

79

<50

95

85

67

67

<50

6199

6288

100

100100

82

7778

8594

9799

58

59

76

Milosaurus

Antarctanax

83100

70

65

80

57

81

84

62

91

84

77

99

94

100

59

76

75

69

70

84

84

8777

9396

90100

100

10088

96

9199

82100

52

68 91

97 Teilhardina

100

Cimolestes

98100

100

100

93

83

79

100

10093

100

99

8659

100

76

84

<50

<50

<50

84

72

72

86

9796

88

71100

87

99

69

94

94

9882

70

9598

6264

64

79

7496

62

100 100

100<50

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