REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Dr. Nikunj Bhatt.V.P.& R.P.T.P. SCIENCE COLLEGE.

VALLBH VIDYANAGAR.

Dr Nikunj Bhatt

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMMALE

Dr Nikunj Bhatt

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMMALE

Dr Nikunj Bhatt

TESTIS AND SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE

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SPERMATOGENESIS

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REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE

•Estrus Cycle.•Menstrual Cycle.

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REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE

• Estrus cyclethe regular female reproductive cycle of most placental mammals that is under hormonal control and includes a period of heat, followed by ovulation and complex changes of the uterine lining. in which the endometrium is completely reabsorbed by the animal (covert menstruation) at the end of its reproductive cycle.

Dr Nikunj Bhatt

REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE

• Menstrual CycleThe menstrual cycle is a series of physiological changes that can occur in fertile females. Overt menstruation (where there is blood flow from the uterus through the vagina) occurs primarily in humans and some other animals.

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REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

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UTERUS

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UTERINE LAYERS

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OVERY & DEVELOPMENT OF OVA

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OOGENESIS

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OVULATION AND IMPLANTATION

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HORMONES OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE

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MENSTRUAL CYCLE

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ROLE OF HORMONES

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• GnRH: The ovarian and uterine cycle are controlled by GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE secreted by hypothalamus.• FSH: FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE Initiate follicular growth and secretion of estrogens by the growing follicles.

ROLE OF HORMONES

Dr Nikunj Bhatt

• LH: LUTEINIZING HORMONE Stimulates the further development of

ovarian follicle and their full secretion of estrogens, brings about ovulation, promotes formation of the corpus luteum and stimulates the production of estrogens, progesterone, relaxin and inhibin by corpus luteum

ROLE OF HORMONES

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• ESTROGEN: secreted by follicular cells. 1, secondary sex characters. 2, Increase protein anabolism.

3, Lower blood cholesterol. 4, Moderate level inhibit release

of GnRH, FSH, LH.

ROLE OF HORMONES

Dr Nikunj Bhatt

PROGESTERONE: secreted by corpus luteum and act synergistically with estrogen. For implantation. high level inhibit GnRH and LHhCG: similar to LH and rescue corpus luteum

ROLE OF HORMONES

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RELAXIN: secreted by corpus luteum1,Inhibit contractions of

uterine smooth muscle.2, during labor, relaxes pubic

symphasis and dilates uterine cervix.

INHIBIN: inhibit release of FSH and to lesser extend LH

MENSTRUAL CYCLE

• Four phases in female reproductive cycle.

1, Menstrual phase.2, Preovulatory phase.3, Ovulation.4, Postovulatory Phase.

Dr Nikunj Bhatt

MENSTRUAL CYCLE Menstrual phase 1, Menstrual phase:

Menses = month. for first 5 days.

Events in ovary: 20 or more small secondary follicles begin to enlarge.

Filled by fluid from granulosa cells or oozing from blood.

Oocyte remain near the edge of the follicle.

Dr Nikunj Bhatt

MENSTRUAL CYCLE Menstrual phase• Events in Uterus: Menstrual flow-50-

150 ml.Decline level of ovarian hormones-

progesteroneRelease of prostaglandins-constrict

arteries and oxygen supply deprive and cells start dyeing.

Dr Nikunj Bhatt

MENSTRUAL CYCLE preovulatory phase2, preovulatory phase: (Follicular phase)from 6th day-13th day.Under the influence of

FSH.Estrogens and inhibin

decrease secretion of FSH.

One dominant follicle become mature.

LH increase .

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MENSTRUAL CYCLE preovulatory phase

• Events in uterus: (Proliferative phase) Estrogen level increase in blood Stratum basalis start dividing and

proliferation of stratum functionalis.Arteries penitrate into stratum

functionalis.Become 4-10 mm.Dr Nikunj Bhatt

MENSTRUAL CYCLE ovulation

• The rupture of mature follicle and release of secondary oocyte in pelvic cavity on 14th day.

• Hold on metaphase II• Positive feedback of estrogen increase

GnRH LH & FSH. • Follicle become corpus hemorrhage.• Clot absorbed and become corpus luteum.

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MENSTRUAL CYCLE postovulatory phase

4, postovulatory phase:(luteal phase)15th -28th days• Events in one ovary.• All hormones decline

and negative feed back suppress ovarian hormones.

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MENSTRUAL CYCLE postovulatory phase• Events in uterus: under the influence of

progesterone and estrogen growth of endometrial glands(for glycogen secretion) and become thick upto 12-18 mm

• If fertilization does not occur corpus luteum degenerate and prgestarone and estrogen declne and menstrual flow starts.

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MENSTRUAL CYCLE

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FERTILIZATION• Hyaluronidase is the Hormone which Digest Vitelline membrane

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IMPLANTATION• 6 day embryo in Uterus

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DEVELOPMENT• Development in Uterine cavity

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MATERNAL CHANGES

• Hormonal Changes:• Corpus luteum

continues to secrete Progesterone and Estrogen

• After 3rd month Placenta it self secrete high Progesterone and Estrogen

• Prevent menstruation

Also Secretes • hCG• Relaxin• hCS [human chorionic

somatomammotropin] • Also called hPLDr Nikunj Bhatt

MATERNAL CHANGES

• Physical Changes• Increases in blood sugar, breathing, and cardiac

output are required• During the second trimester, morning sickness

subsides, the uterus expands up to 20 times its normal size and movement of the fetus may be felt.

Dr Nikunj Bhatt

References

• www.google.com• Physiology –tortora.• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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Dr Nikunj Bhatt

THANK YOU