REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMREPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Chapter 21

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

FUNCTIONS OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMREPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• The reproductive system has the necessary organs capable of creating offspring

• The reproductive system manufactures hormones necessary for the development of reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

FERTILIZATIONFERTILIZATION

• During sexual intercourse sperm from the testes are deposited in the vagina

• Millions of sperm cells swim to ovum

• Conception occurs when sperm nucleus combines with egg nucleus to form zygote (fertilized egg cell)

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

DIFFERENIATION OF DIFFERENIATION OF REPRODUCTIVE ORGANSREPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

• Reproductive organs are the only organs in the human body that differ between male and female

• For about two months the embryo develops without sexual identity

• The influence of the X or Y chromosome determines sex of fetus

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

ORGANS OF REPRODUCTIONORGANS OF REPRODUCTION

• Female reproductive organs– Two ovaries - Uterus– Two fallopian tubes - Vagina

• Male reproductive organs– Two testes - Scrotum– Seminal duct/glands– Penis - Prostate

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

THE MENSTRUAL CYCLETHE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

• Stages of the menstrual cycle– Follicle stage– Ovulation stage– Corpus luteum stage– Menstruation stage

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

MENOPAUSEMENOPAUSE

• Menopause is the cessation of a woman’s monthly menstrual cycle

• Menopause usually begins between the ages of 45 and 55, signaling the end of follicle growth and ovulation

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

INFERTILITYINFERTILITY

• Causes of infertility– Damage to fallopian tubes– Low sperm count– Hormonal imbalance

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

INFERTILITYINFERTILITY

• Treatments– Fertility drugs– Artificial

insemination– Surgery – In vitro

fertilization (IVF)– Egg extraction

– Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)

– Zygote intrafallopian transfer

– Donor eggs and embryos

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

DISORDERS OF THE DISORDERS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMREPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• Female reproductive disorders– Amenorrhea– Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)– Dysmenorrhea– Endometriosis– Fibroid tumors

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DISORDERS OF THE DISORDERS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMREPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• Infections of female reproductive organs– Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)– Salpingitis– Toxic shock syndrome– Yeast infection

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

DISORDERS OF THE DISORDERS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMREPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• Male reproductive disorders– Epididymitis– Orchitis– Prostatitis– Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

SEXUALLY SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASETRANSMITTED DISEASE

• Chlamydia• Genital warts• Gonorrhea• Genital herpes• Syphilis• Trichomonaisis