reproductive health contraceptives)

8/6/2019 Reproductive Health Contraceptives)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/reproductive-health-contraceptives 1/38

Reproductive Health

(Contraceptives)



Introduction

� The matter on reproductive health has been a

never-ending issue, especially within the State

and the Church. As to what the reproductive

health is, it remains unclear to the majority of the

population. This is probably one of the reasons

why it has become a serious issue. Little is onlyknown yet conclusions are drawn without further

investigation on the topic.



� Reproductive health concerns us all and it is the

obligation of everyone to seek for what is true

and to rebuke what is not. This report aims to

inform the public about the reality behind the

case on reproductive health in order to avoid

further misconception and confusion.



Reproductive Health

� is primarily concerned with the reproductive

system, its processes, and its functions at all

stages in life and the technology and

advancement that come with it; and not

merely the absence of disease, dysfunction, or

infirmity.



� Inclusive within this are:

±the right of men and women to be informed of and to

have access to safe, effective, affordable birth spacing

(birth control ) of their choice that is not against the

law

± the right of access to appropriate health care services

that will enable women to go safely through

pregnancy and childbirth and to provide couples with

the best chance and alternatives of having a healthy

offspring.



Family Planning

� the planning of when to have children, and

the use of birth control, techniques, and

procedures that are specially designed and

done for this purpose



� According to the WHO:

± It is a way of thinking and living that is adopted voluntarily

upon the basis of knowledge, responsible attitudes and

decisions by individuals and couples in order to promote

the health and welfare of the family group.

± In family planning, it can refer to either the woman

planning or the man planning. This definition tells us that

we are concerned with the health and welfare of the

family group.



Methods of Family Planning

I. Natural Family Planning

± a natural way of life by which couples does

appropriate sexual behavior to achieve or avoid

pregnancy during the fertile or the infertile

phases of the menstrual cycle without using

drugs, chemical, or mechanical devices.



� Rhythm or Calendar Method or Basal Body

TemperatureM

ethod ± couples abstain from sexual relations during the

days when women experience a sudden rise of

body temperature to avoid conception

� Ovulation (mucus) method or Billings Method

± This technique is based on the mucus discharge

from the vagina as a sign of impending ovulation,



� Sympto-thermal method

± This is a combination of the temperature method

and the mucus method with the symptoms of pain

or cervical changes.

� Sex relation during menstruation

± this method is not commonly advised for it is

messy, and women are prone to infection since

their endometrial lining of the uterus sloughs off.



II. Artificial Family Planning (AFT)

± Artificial family planning is a means of preventing

pregnancy that involves some kind of device or

medication. It does not include periodic

abstinence or the withdrawal method.



� Barrier methods

±

These methods prevent sperm from reaching theegg. These methods include condoms,

diaphragms, cervical caps, and contraceptive

sponges.

� Hormonal methods

± This method is usually a combination of

progesterone and estrogen to prevent pregnancy

by maintaining a consistent hormonal level in the

body.



� Sterilization

± incapacitate man or woman functionally,

temporarily or permanently.

Methods of Sterilization

� Tubal Sterilization (salpingectomy)

� Vasectomy



Contraception

� the voluntary prevention of fertilization of the

ovum of a female by the sperm cell of a male

� done by means of using a special device or

procedure especially designed or created for

this purpose.



I. Folk Methods

Methods of Contraception



� Pre-coital/post-coital douche

±

The woman lets the gaseous contents of the colaerupt within her vagina to eliminate sperm cells

present.

± The use the vinegar and the brine as pre-coital

vaginal washes. However, some people experiencea burning sensation within their genitals.



� Prolonged lactation/lactational amenorrhea

± Suckling results in a reduction of gonadotropin-

releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, and

follicle-stimulating hormone.

�

Withdrawal/Coitus interruptus ± The method the retraction of the penis from the

vagina instantaneously before ejaculation.

� Coitus reservatus

± the male refrains from ejaculating before orgasm

is met. He allows erection to subside gradually.



II. Mechanical Methods

� Condom

± a sheath of latex rubber which I used to cover the

penis before coitus and to prevent semen from

spilling into the uterine cavity.



� Diaphragm/cervical cap/intracervical pessary

±

is a dome-shaped latex rubber membrane placed

in the vagina to close the opening of the cervix to

block the entrance of the sperm.



� Sponge

± a variation of the diaphragm but with an inclusion

of a string for easier removal.



III. Chemical Methods

� Vaginal suppository

± is a small bullet-shaped substance that contains

chemicals capable of killing sperms

± is inserted into the vagina as a solid and

eventually dissolves to deliver the chemicals.



� Vaginal tablets

±

when moistened with water, that are inserted intothe vagina 10 to 15 minutes before coitus.

± it melts at body temperature and forms a coat of

foam to prevent the sperm from the uterus.



IV. Hormonal Methods

� Contraceptive pills

± helps maintain a constantly high hormonal level to

prevent ovulation

± combination of synthetic hormones, estrogen and

progesterone



� Injections and Implants

±

is a biodegradable pill implant that can be injectedthrough the woman's skin and muscle

± the hormone contained gradually enters the

bloodstream



Governments Stand

� The Government made several actions with

regard to the problem on reproductive health,

responsible parenthood, and population

development by passing the House Bill No.

5043 in substitution to the House Bill Nos. 17,

812, 2753 & 3970.



Hon. Edcel Lagman

Introduced the House Bill No. 5043



Ana Theresia Hontiveros-Baraquel

One of the colleagues of Hon. Edcel Lagman



� The House Bill has 27 sections designed to

protect the rights of the women, medical

people in the maternal duty, promoting family

and educating the youth for safe sex.

� The section 9 of this bill cover about the

Hospital Based Family Planning.

� The section 10 is about the Contracepives as

Essential Medicines.



Considered negative effects of the

Reproductive Health Bill

� We are permitting the people of the program to

tell our young kids about condoms, pills and ways

to prevent pregnancy.

� We are opening the minds of the young that sex

is something to be tried even though they are not

yet ready for it. Curiosity could force them to try.



� The respect of having sex at the right girl or

boy at the right time would be abolished since

their minds are now tainted with sex

education. With this, rape cases would

probably increase.

� . Approving the bill might affect the right of

the parents in teaching their children about

the issue.



� We Filipinos are conservative by nature. The

Bill could possibly affect our culture and the

way we respect women



Considered positive effects of the

reproductive Health Bill

� Having such a Bill would mean lesser

population which would result, most

probably, to lesser uneducated children,

lesser crimes, lesser unemployment, and

ultimately, economic growth and stability.



Churchs Stand Against Reproductive

Health Bill

� Church considered the bill as anti-life.

� They also encouraged the people to adopt and use

the natural family planning method rather than the

artificial method.

� They believe that an increase in the case of abortion

will happen if the children will be given proper

knowledge about the Reproductive Health bill



� Casti C onnubii , a document which condemns

the birth control as sinful was used by the

Church as a basis for their policy against birth

control and document Humanae V it ae as a

document of sound arguments against

contraception.



Groups Point of View on the Issue

� The group disregarded the Deontological Approach and

settled with the Consequentialist Approach instead due to

confusion on which law would be used as the basis.

On the basis of the Consequetialist approach, the

whole of reproductive health which includes both natural

and artificial family planning, contraception and safe

abortion, is appropriate. The sacrifice of one life is

equivalent to the fortune of hundreds of people.

reproductive health contraceptives)

Documents