report & recommendations of the sipc modernization task force 2012

8/3/2019 Report & Recommendations of the SIPC Modernization Task Force 2012

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Ihbrxfrs2462

Rhtlr}fkmRhelgghkmf}clkuli}`h

UCTEGlmhrkczf}clk]funIlreh

Trhuhk}hm}l}`hBlfrmliMcrhe}lru

Uhexrc}chuCkyhu}lrTrl}he}clkElrtlrf}clk


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GHGBHRU LI ]@H

UCTE GLMHRKCZF]CLK ]FUN ILREH

E`fcrgfk

Lrafk G+ Jl`kulk! E`fcrgfk li }`h Blfrm! UCTEUfxa Hwcko AAT

Yceh E`fcrgfk

U`frlk S+ Blwhk! Yceh E`fcrgfk li }`h Blfrm! UCTEAf}`fg ) _f}ncku AAT

T`cact G+ Fcmcnlii

Fcmcnlii! X`a ) Bfn`}cfrc

Jluht` T+ BlroMcrhe}lr! Fafbfgf Uhexrc}chu Elggcuuclk

U}hyhk B+ Efrxul

Gfmmlp @froh}} ) Efrxul! T+E+

E`hk OlkosfkIlrghr Blfrm E`fcrgfk! E`ckf Uhexrc}chu Ckyhu}lr Trl}he}clk Ixkm Elrtlrf}clk Acgc}hm

Jl`k E+ Eliihh! Jr+

Fmlai F+ Bhrah Trlihuulr li Afw! Elaxgbcf Xkcyhruc}s Ue`lla li Afw

Jfghu _+ Ocmmhku! ]rxu}hh li Ah`gfk Brl}`hru Cke+! ]rxu}hh li GI Oalbfa Cke+@xo`hu @xbbfrm ) Rhhm AAT

Crf M+ @fgghrgfkUhkclr Gfkfocko Mcrhe}lr fkm Ohkhrfa Elxkuha!

Uhexrc}chu Ckmxu}rs fkm Ickfkecfa Gfrnh}u Fuulecf}clk (UCIGF#

_caacfg @+ @hsgfk]`h ]rfyhahru Elgtfkchu! Cke+

Lbuhryhr: Gce`fha F+ Gfee`cfrlac

Fuulecf}h Mcrhe}lr! Mcycuclk li ]rfmcko fkm Gfrnh}uX+U+ Uhexrc}chu fkm Hpe`fkoh Elggcuuclk


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F Ghuufoh irlg Lrafk G+ Jl`kulk! E`fcrgfk li }`h UCTE Glmhrkczf}clk ]fun Ilreh:

_`hk C bhofk gs }hkxrh fu UCTEu E`fcrgfk ck Ihbrxfrs 2464! UCTE ifehm e`faahkohuxktrhehmhk}hm ck c}u =4 shfr `cu}lrs+ ]`h ickfkecfa ercucu `fm efxuhm UCTE }l ckc}cf}h facvxcmf}clk trlehhmcko ck Uht}hgbhr 2440 ilr Ah`gfk Brl}`hru Cke+! lkh li }`h wlramu afrohu}brlnhrfoh icrgu+ Bfrhas }`rhh glk}`u af}hr! ck Mhehgbhr 2440! UCTE wfu elkirlk}hm wc}` }`hu}xkkcko hptluxrh li }`h alko rxkkcko irfxm f} Bhrkfrm A+ Gfmlii Ckyhu}ghk} Uhexrc}chu AAE!rhtlr}hmas }`h afrohu} Tlkzc Ue`hgh ck `cu}lrs+ ]`huh }wl efuhu tafehm UCTE f} }`h htcehk}hr libl}` }`h ickfkecfa ercucu fkm }`h txbace hsh+

]`h afu} ucokcicefk} lyhr`fxa li }`h Uhexrc}chu Ckyhu}lr Trl}he}clk Fe} UCTF# leexrrhmck 63?0+ Ck Ihbrxfrs 2464! UCTEu Blfrm li Mcrhe}lru fx}`lrczhm }`h ilrgf}clk li }`h UCTEGlmhrkczf}clk ]fun Ilreh }l rhychw UCTF fkm UCTEu lthrf}clku fkm tlacechu elgtrh`hkucyhas!fkm trltluh rhilrgu }l glmhrkczh UCTF fkm UCTE+

]`h ]fun Ilreh ckeaxmhu ckyhu}lr fmylef}hu! rhoxaf}lrs uthecfacu}u! fkm fefmhgce hpthr}u+Fu f ghgbhr li }`h ]fun Ilreh! }`h ]rxu}hh ilr }`h acvxcmf}clk li Ah`gfk Brl}`hru Cke+ fkm

glrh rhehk}as! GI Oalbfa Cke+# liihru }`h trfe}cefa thruthe}cyh li f }rxu}hh mhfacko wc}` }`helgtahpc}chu li f afroh uefah brlnhrfoh ifcaxrh+ ]`h ifcaxrhu li Ah`gfk! Gfmlii! fkm klw! GIOalbfa! `fyh trlilxkm ck}hrkf}clkfa elkuhvxhkehu+ ]`h fmmc}clk }l }`h ]fun Ilreh li E`fcrgfkE`hk Olkosfk li }`h E`ckf Uhexrc}chu Ckyhu}lr Trl}he}clk Elrtlrf}clk w`l `fu glyhm lk }l bhelgh E`fcrgfk li }`h Uhexrc}chu Fuulecf}clk li E`ckf# brckou f xkcvxh thruthe}cyh }l }`hck}hrkf}clkfa futhe}u li brlnhrfoh ifcaxrhu+

Ck }`h Rhtlr}! }`h ]fun Ilreh `fu gfmh f kxgbhr li rhelgghkmf}clku w`ce` wcaa rhvxcrhixr}`hr hgtcrcefa u}xms bs UCTEu Blfrm li Mcrhe}lru+ ]`h rhelgghkmf}clk }l hacgckf}h }`hmcu}cke}clk bh}whhk eafcgu ilr efu` fkm eafcgu ilr uhexrc}chu cu fk hpfgtah! fu cu }`hrhelgghkmf}clk }l trl}he} ckmcycmxfa tfr}cectfk}u ck ehr}fck thkuclk trlorfgu+ UCTE wcaa `fyh}l hyfaxf}h }`h ickfkecfa fkm l}`hr elkuhvxhkehu li }`luh trltlufau bhilrh mhecmcko w`h}`hr }lrhelgghkm tluucbah ahocuaf}clk olcko ilrwfrm+ C} cu gs tahmoh }l }`h `frm wlrncko ghgbhru li}`h ]fun Ilreh }`f} UCTE wcaa glyh trlgt}as lk }`luh hyfaxf}clku+

Ck fmmc}clk }l brckocko }loh}`hr }`h ]fun Ilreh! elgtrcuhm li ylaxk}hhru! UCTEelggcuuclkhm fk ckmhthkmhk} Elrtlrf}h Olyhrkfkeh Rhychw bs Trlihuulr Afwrhkeh F+Exkkcko`fg! }`h @hkrs U}+ Ohlroh ]xenhr CCC Rhuhfre` Trlihuulr li Afw! li }`h Ohlroh_fu`cko}lk Xkcyhruc}s Afw Ue`lla+ ]`h }`lrlxo` Rhychw wcaa! C fg uxrh! oxcmh }`h Blfrm ck fkxgbhr li frhfu+

Gs `hfr}iha} }`fknu ol }l }`h Yceh E`fcrgfk! fkm hfe` ghgbhr li }`h ]fun Ilreh! ilr}`hcr yfaxfbah elk}rcbx}clku! fkm }`hcr uhaiahuu mhyl}clk li }cgh fkm hkhros }l }`h trlmxe}clk li

}`h ilaalwcko Rhtlr} fkm Rhelgghkmf}clku+

Lrafk G+ Jl`kulkE`fcrgfkUCTE Glmhrkczf}clk ]fun Ilreh


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RHTLR] FKM RHELGGHKMF]CLKU LI ]@H

UCTE GLMHRKCZF]CLK ]FUN ILREH

CK]RLMXE]CLK

F} c}u ckfxoxrfa ghh}cko ck Jxkh 2464! }`h UCTE Glmhrkczf}clk ]fun Ilreh elkucmhrhm f

brlfm rfkoh li cuuxhu }l mh}hrgckh w`ce` whrh fttrltrcf}h ilr rhychw+ ]`h ]fun Ilreh uhtfrf}hm

ck}l }wl wlrncko uxborlxtu! hfe` li w`ce` wlxam xkmhr}fnh f rhychw li `fai li }`h cuuxhu fkm

gfnh rhelgghkmf}clku }l }`h ixaa ]fun Ilreh+ ]`h ]fun Ilreh mhecmhm }`f}! fu f w`lah! c}

wlxam elkucmhr }`h ilaalwcko }`rhh cuuxhu: fks e`fkoh }l }`h gckcgxg fuuhuughk} fglxk}! }`h

trhuhryf}clk li }`h fylcmfkeh tlwhru li f }rxu}hh fttlck}hm txruxfk} }l }`h Uhexrc}chu Ckyhu}lr

Trl}he}clk Fe}! 68 X+U+E+ uhe}clk ?0fff h} uhv+ UCTF#! fkm }`h ckerhfuhm xuh li }`h Mcrhe}

Tfsghk} Trlehmxrh+

Lyhr }`h elxruh li }`h khp} shfr! }`h uxborlxtu gh} ckmcycmxfaas! bl}` ck thrulk fkm bs

}haht`lkh elkihrhkeh! }l mcuexuu fkm mhbf}h } h cuuxhu bhilrh }`hg+ ]`h uxborlxtu rhuhfre`hm}`h cuuxhu! elkmxe}hm brchickou wc}` hpthr}u lk tfr}cexafr }ltceu! fkm elkucmhrhm txbace

elgghk}u+ Ck fmmc}clk! }`h ]fun Ilreh gh} wc} lx}ucmh oxhu}u! ckeaxmcko UCTEu Olyhrkghk}

Mcrhe}lru! ckyhu}lr hmxef}clk hpthr}u irlg }`h Uhexrc}chu fkm Hpe`fkoh Elggcuuclk UHE#

fkm }`h Ickfkecfa Ckmxu}rs Rhoxaf}lrs Fx}`lrc}s ICKRF#! fkm rhtrhuhk}f}cyhu li }`h

Mhtluc}lrs ]rxu} ) Eahfrcko Elrtlrf}clk fkm }`h Ckyhu}ghk} Elgtfks Cku}c}x}h+ Ck }l}fa! }`h

]fun Ilreh `ham 6= ghh}ckou hc}`hr ck thrulk lr bs }haht`lkh> hfe` li }`h uxborlxtu gh} ilxr

}cghu! fkm }`h ixaa ]fun Ilreh gh} ucp }cghu+

]`h ]fun Ilreh wfu fex}has ck}hrhu}hm ck `hfrcko irlg }`h txbace+ ]l }`f} hkm! }`h ]fun

Ilreh erhf}hm f whb uc}h! www+UCTEGlmhrkczf}clk+lro! w`ce` hptafckhm }`h yfrclxu cuuxhu }l

}`h txbace fkm ulacec}hm elgghk}u+ Uckeh c}u afxke` ck Jxkh 2464! www+UCTEGlmhrkczf}clk+lro

rhehcyhm fttrlpcgf}has ?4 elgghk}u+ Ck fmmc}clk! }`h ]fun Ilreh ulacec}hm fkm rhehcyhm

kxghrlxu ah}}hru fkm hgfcau+ ]`h ]fun Ilreh faul `ham }wl acyh hyhk}u f whb hyhk} mxrcko

w`ce` }`h txbace gfmh elgghk}u fkm funhm vxhu}clku li ]fun Ilreh ghgbhru! fkm f acyh txbace

ilrxg `ham f} }`h Orfkm @sf}} @l}ha ck Khw Slrn Ec}s w`hrh f}}hkmhhu liihrhm elgghk}u }l

]fun Ilreh ghgbhru+ ]`h ]fun Ilreh rhychwhm fkm mcuexuuhm }`h yfrclxu elgghk}u gfmh bs

}`h txbace }`rlxo` }`h whb uc}h! ckmcycmxfa ah}}hru! fkm }`h ilrxgu+ Ickfaas! ck }hu}ciscko bhilrh

}`h @lxuh Ickfkecfa Uhrycehu Elggc}}hh! ]fun Ilreh ghgbhru acu}hkhm }l elkehrku fblx} }`h

fmhvxfes fkm hiihe}cyhkhuu li UCTF! fu hptrhuuhm bs yfrclxu ghgbhru li Elkorhuu mxrcko }`h

`hfrcko+6

Fi}hr xkmhr}fncko f elgtrh`hkucyh rhychw li }`h cuuxhu! }`h uxborlxt yl}hm lk f

rhulax}clk ilr hfe` cuuxh+ ]`h rhulax}clku! w`h}`hr fttrlyhm lr rhjhe}hm bs hc}`hr li }`h

uxborlxtu! whrh trhuhk}hm }l }`h ixaa ]fun Ilreh ilr f yl}h+

6 Fuuhuucko }`h Acgc}f}clku li }`h Uhexrc}chu Ckyhu}lr Trl}he}clk Fe}: @hfrcko Bhilrh }`hUxbelgg+ lk Eftc}fa Gfrnh}u! Ckuxrfkeh! fkm Olyhrkghk} Utlkulrhm Hk}hrtrcuhu li }`h @+

Elgg+ lk Ickfkecfa Uhrycehu! 666}` Elko+ 2464#


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2

]`cu Rhtlr} uh}u ilr}` }`h rhelgghkmf}clku li }`h ]fun Ilreh+ ]`h Rhtlr} faul ckeaxmhu

f elrtlrf}h olyhrkfkeh rhychw li UCTE! fkkhphm `hrh}l fu Ftthkmcp F! w`ce` wfu xkmhr}fnhk

bs f elrtlrf}h olyhrkfkeh hpthr}! Trlihuulr Afwrhkeh F+ Exkkcko`fg! @hkrs U}+ Ohlroh

]xenhr CCC Rhuhfre` Trlihuulr li Afw! ]`h Ohlroh _fu`cko}lk Xkcyhruc}s Afw Ue`lla+

]`h ]fun Ilreh Rhtlr} fkm }`h rhelgghkmf}clku }`hrhck frh bhcko trhuhk}hm }l UCTEuBlfrm li Mcrhe}lru ilr elkucmhrf}clk+ C} cu }`h ]fun Ilrehu `lth }`f} }`h rhelgghkmf}clku wcaa

bh rhychwhm bs }`h Blfrm! fkm xa}cgf}has trhuhk}hm }l Elkorhuu ilr fmlt}clk fu fttrltrcf}h+ ]`h

]fun Ilreh wcu`hu }l u}rhuu }`f} c}u rhelgghkmf}clku frh gfmh ck elkucmhrf}clk li }`h txrtluhu

li UCTF fu xkmhru}llm f} }`h }cgh li }`h ilrgf}clk li }`h orlxt! kfghas! }l trl}he} txbace! rh}fca

exu}lghru li f ghgbhr brlnhr'mhfahr! wc}`ck uthecichm acgc}u! fofcku} }`h aluu li }`hcr exu}lghr

trlthr}s exu}lmchm wc}` }`h brlnhr'mhfahr+ ]`h rhehk}as rfcuhm cuuxh li trl}he}cko ckyhu}lru

fofcku} gfrnh} aluu lr mfgfohu rhuxa}cko irlg irfxm! gcurhtrhuhk}f}clk! lr wrlkoixa fe}u ucgcafr

}l }`h U}fkilrm uc}xf}clk `fu kl} bhhk elkucmhrhm+ ]`h rhelgghkmf}clku li }`h ]fun Ilreh

u`lxam bh hyfaxf}hm bs UCTE/u Blfrm ck }`h elk}hp} li }`h `cu}lrcefa ahocuaf}cyh txrtluhu fkm

jxmcecfa ck}hrtrh}f}clku li UCTF! fkm e`fkohu gfs bh khehuufrs ci Elkorhuu tfuuhu hptfkucyhahocuaf}clk lr elxr}u mh}hrgckh }`f} UCTF u`lxam bh ck}hrtrh}hm mciihrhk}as+

Rhuthe}ixaas uxbgc}}hm!

]`h UCTE Glmhrkczf}clk ]fun Ilreh2

Lrafk G+ Jl`kulk! E`fcrgfkU`frlk S+ Blwhk! Yceh E`fcrgfkT`cact G+ FcmcnliiJluht` T+ BlroU}hyhk B+ EfrxulE`hk OlkosfkJl`k E+ Eliihh! Jr+Jfghu _+ OcmmhkuCrf M+ @fgghrgfk_caacfg @+ @hsgfk

2Fi}hr gfncko ucokcicefk} elk}rcbx}clku! tfr}cexafras lk }`h uxbjhe} li ckyhu}lr hmxef}clk!

Ghafkch Uhk}hr Axbck! Uhexrc}chu Elggcuuclkhr! Liiceh li }`h F}}lrkhs Ohkhrfa! Mcycuclk liUhexrc}chu! U}f}h li Gfrsafkm! fkm Mft`kh Ugc}`! Fuucu}fk} Elggcuuclkhr ilr Uhexrc}chu!]hkkhuuhh Mhtfr}ghk} li Elgghreh fkm Ckuxrfkeh! Uhexrc}chu Mcycuclk! wc}`mrhw irlg }`h ]funIlreh! mxh }l l}`hr trhuucko lbacof}clku+

]fun Ilreh gf}hrcfau whrh gfmh fyfcafbah }l rhtrhuhk}f}cyhu li }`h UHE fkm }`h Mhtfr}ghk} li}`h ]rhfuxrs w`l f}}hkmhm gfks li } h ghh}ckou li }`h ]fun Ilreh+ Lk leefuclk! fk UHErhtrhuhk}f}cyh tfr}cectf}hm ck }`h ]fun Ilrehu mcuexuuclku+


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5

]FBAH LI ELK]HK]U

TFOH

Rhelgghkmf}clk Kl+ 6:Ckerhfuh }`h Gfpcgxg Ahyha li Trl}he}clk }l -6+5 gcaaclkCkmhp }`h Ahyha li Trl}he}clk }l Ckiaf}clk ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8

Rhelgghkmf}clk Kl+ 2:

Hacgckf}h }`h Mcu}cke}clk ck }`h Ahyhau li Trl}he}clk ilr Efu` fkm Uhexrc}chu ++++++++ 0


Trl}he} Tfr}cectfk}u ck Thkuclk Ixkmu lk f Tfuu']`rlxo` Bfucu ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 62

Rhelgghkmf}clk Kl+ =:

Fghkm }`h Gckcgxg Fuuhuughk} }l }`h Orhf}hr li 6# -6!444> lr2# }`h Fglxk} Uh} bs UCTE Bsafw Kl} }l Hpehhm 4+42( li }`h

Ghgbhru Orluu Rhyhkxhu irlg }`h Uhexrc}chu Bxuckhuu +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 68


Faalw ilr }`h Xuh li }`h Mcrhe} Tfsghk} Trlehmxrh ck Efuhu ck w`ce`}`h ]l}fa Fglxk} li Eafcgu Foorhof}hu Ahuu }`fk -8 gcaaclk +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 69


Rhvxcrh Fxmc}lru li UCTE Ghgbhru }l Icah Eltchu li Fxmc} Rhtlr}u wc}` UCTE +++++ 60

Rhelgghkmf}clk Kl+ ?:Fiicrg }`h Lbacof}clk li Bfknu fkm L}`hr Exu}lmcfku }l UfihoxfrmRxah 68e5'5 Feelxk}u fkm }l Rhfiicrg ]`f} Uxe` Feelxk}u Frh Uxbjhe} }l

]rxu}hh Elk}rla Xtlk Brlnhr'Mhfahr Acvxcmf}clk +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 26


Elk}ckxh }l Yhu} }`h UCTF ]rxu}hh wc}` }`h Ufgh Fylcmfkeh Tlwhru

fu f ]rxu}hh ck f Efuh xkmhr }`h Bfknrxt}es Elmh ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2=


7/68

=

]FBAH LI ELK]HK]U

(elk}m#

TFOH

Rhelgghkmf}clk Klu+ 3'62: Uxggfrs li }`h Afw ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 29


Elk}ckxh }l ]rhf} Eafcgu Frcucko irlg Rhtxre`fuh fkm RhyhruhRhtxre`fuh Forhhghk}u fu Ohkhrfa Erhmc}lr Eafcgu ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 23


Elk}ckxh }l ]rhf} Eafcgu Frcucko irlg Lthk ]BF Elk}rfe}ufu Ohkhrfa Erhmc}lr Eafcgu ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 56


Elk}ckxh }l ]rhf} Eafcgu Frcucko Irlg Erhmc}u Rhehcyhm Txruxfk}}l Uli} Mlaafr Frrfkohghk}u fu Ohkhrfa Erhmc}lr Eafcgu +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 55


Elk}ckxh }l ]rhf} Eafcgu ilr Ihhu Hfrkhm ck Elkkhe}clk wc}`Xkmhrwrc}cko lr L}`hr ]rfkufe}clku Hiihe}hm bs f Uskmcef}h

fu Ohkhrfa Erhmc}lr Eafcgu ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 5=


U}xms Mcuerhtfkechu Bh}whhk UHE Rxah 68e5'5 fkm

Exu}lghr Trlthr}s Xkmhr UCTF ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 58

Rhelgghkmf}clk Kl+ 6=:

Ck}hrkf}clkfa Rhaf}clku: UCTE }l Fuucu} ck }`h Erhf}clk li fk

Ck}hrkf}clkfa Fuulecf}clk ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 59


UCTE }l Elk}ckxh Ckyhu}lr Hmxef}clk Hiilr}u ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 53

Elgghk}:

UCTFu Gfkmf}h li Exu}lghr Trl}he}clk Ohkhrfaas Ghfku }`f} Elggc}}hhuRhtrhuhk}cko Xkuhexrhm Erhmc}lru li }`h Mhb}lru Ohkhrfa Hu}f}h

Uhryh Ac}}ah Txrtluh ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =6


8/68

8


Ckerhfuh }`h Gfpcgxg Ahyha li Trl}he}clk }l -6+5 Gcaaclk

Ckmhp }`h Ahyha li Trl}he}clk }l Ckiaf}clk

Lyhrychw

]`h ]fun Ilreh elkucmhrhm w`h}`hr }`h exrrhk} ahyha li trl}he}clk f gfpcgxg li

-844!444! xt }l -284!444 li w`ce` gfs bh ck uf}cuife}clk li f efu` eafcg cu uxiicechk} }l

trl}he} exu}lghru fkm cku}caa ckyhu}lr elkicmhkeh ck }`h uhexrc}chu gfrnh}u+ ]`h -844!444

gfpcgxg `fu kl} bhhk ckerhfuhm uckeh 6304+ Ck 2464! }`h Mlmm'Irfkn _faa U}rhh} Rhilrg fkm

Elkuxghr Trl}he}clk Fe}! Txb+ A+ Kl+ 666'245! 323@ 2464# }`h Mlmm'Irfkn Fe}#!

ckerhfuhm }`h efu` gfpcgxg irlg -644!444 }l -284!444! fkm erhf}hm f ghe`fkcug ilr ckmhpcko

}`h ahyha li efu` trl}he}clk }l ckiaf}clk+

]`h ]fun Ilreh `fu mh}hrgckhm }`f} }`h -844!444 gfpcgxg u`lxam bh ghfkckoixaas

ckerhfuhm+ Ckerhfucko }`h ahyha li trl}he}clk w`cah elk}ckxcko }l ckmhp }`h fglxk} }l ckiaf}clk

ixr}`hru }`h cgtlr}fk} lbjhe}cyh li glmhrkczcko UCTF+

]fun Ilreh Rhelgghkmf}clk

]`h ]fun Ilreh rhelgghkmu }`f} }`h gfpcgxg acgc} li trl}he}clk bh ckerhfuhm

}l -6+5 gcaaclk fkm }`f} }`h acgc} elk}ckxh }l bh ckmhphm }l ckiaf}clk+

UCTFu Ahyhau li Trl}he}clk

]`h UCTF acgc} li trl}he}clk ilr efu` eafcgu `fu }rfenhm }`h elrrhutlkmcko fglxk}

trl}he}hm bs }`h IMCE }`rlxo`lx} UCTEu `cu}lrs+ ]`h ckc}cfa acgc}u li trl}he}clk ck 63?4

ckeaxmhm fmyfkehu irlg UCTE li xt }l -84!444! wc}` f gfpcgxg li -24!444 ilr efu`+ ]`h

-24!444 efu` trl}he}clk gf}e`hm }`h ahyha li IMCE trl}he}clk f} }`h }cgh+ Txb+ A+ Kl+ 36'

686! 05 U}f}+ 5?8 6393#+

Ck 63?0! UCTF wfu fghkmhm }l thrgc} fk fmyfkeh li xt }l -644!444 ilr hfe`

exu}lghr! wc}` f gfpcgxg li -=4!444 ilr efu`+ Txb+ A+ Kl+ 38'205! 32 U}f}+ 2=3 63?0#+

]`h ckerhfuh ck efu` trl}he}clk wfu mhucokhm }l gf}e` f 63?= ckerhfuh ilr mhtluc}lru wc}`

cku}c}x}clku trl}he}hm bs }`h IMCE lr }`h Ihmhrfa Ufyckou fkm Alfk Ckuxrfkeh Elrtlrf}clk+

Uhh @+ R+ Rht+ Kl+ 38'?=9! f} =4 63??#+


9/68

9

F ucgcafr ckerhfuh ck UCTFu ahyhau li trl}he}clk wfu hkfe}hm ck 6304! w`hk

Elkorhuu rfcuhm }`h fglxk} }`f} UCTE elxam fmyfkeh ilr f exu}lghr }l xt }l -844!444! li

w`ce` f gfpcgxg li -644!444 elxam bh bfuhm xtlk f eafcg ilr efu`+ Txb+ A+ Kl+ 39'=55!

3= U}f}+ 6088 6304#+ IMCE trl}he}clk `fm bhhk ckerhfuhm }l -644!444 fu whaa+ Txb+ A+ Kl+

39'226! 3= U}f}+ 6=? 6304#+

Lk Jxas 22! 2464! txruxfk} }l }`h Mlmm'Irfkn Fe}! }`h efu` ahyha li trl}he}clk xkmhr

UCTF wfu ckerhfuhm }l -284!444+ ]`h Mlmm'Irfkn Fe} faul gfmh thrgfkhk} }`h IMCE

trl}he}clk ckerhfuh }l -284!444+ Uhh Mlmm'Irfkn Fe} 558+

Tlaces Elkucmhrf}clku

]`h ]fun Ilreh allnhm f} yfrclxu ife}lru }l mh}hrgckh }`h fttrltrcf}h ahyha li trl}he}clk+

Xa}cgf}has! }`h ]fun Ilreh wfu u}rlkoas ckiaxhkehm bs }`h ilaalwcko elkucmhrf}clku ck frrcycko f}

c}u Rhelgghkmf}clk:

]`h ahyha li trl}he}clk u`lxam bh uxiicechk} }l trl}he} 34( lr glrh li rh}fca exu}lghrfeelxk}u+ Uhh Uhexrc}chu Ckyhu}lr Trl}he}clk: @hfrckou lk @+R+ 65540! @+R+ 6?808!

@+R+ 60406! @+R+ 60643 fkm @+R+ 60=80 bhilrh }`h Uxbelgg+ lk Elgghreh fkm

Ickfkeh li }`h @+ Elgg+ lk Ck}hru}f}h fkm Ilrhcok Elgghreh! 36u} Elko+ 553'5=4

63?4# U}f}hghk} li @lk+ @fghr @+ Bxmoh! E`fcrgfk! Uhexrc}chu fkm Hpe`fkoh

Elggcuuclk# hptafckcko }`f} }`h ahyha li trl}he}clk wfu uh} f} -84!444! w`ce` wfu

uxiicechk} }l trl}he} ixaas 3=+8( li efu` fkm gfrock feelxk}u#> ]`h ahyha li trl}he}clk u`lxam bh elkucu}hk} wc}` }`h rf}h li ckiaf}clk! fkm -844!444 ck

6304 cu wlr}` -6+5 gcaaclk ck 2466!uhh Elkuxghr Trceh Ckmhp Ckiaf}clk Efaexaf}lr!fyfcafbah f} }`h Bxrhfx li Afblr U}f}cu}ceu whbuc}h! `}}t:,,mf}f+bau+oly,eoc'

bck,etcefae+ta>

Ck 6304! Jfghu I+ Nhhofk! E`fcrgfk! Blfrm li Olyhrklru! Kf}clkfa Fuulecf}clk liUhexrc}chu Mhfahru! Cke+! u}f}hm }`f} UCTE u`lxam trl}he} 644( li exu}lghr eafcgu:

_h bhachyh }`f} }`h elyhrfoh trlycmhm bs }`h UCTE ixkm u`lxam xa}cgf}has hp}hkm }l

faa exu}lghr eafcgu fkm }`f} ^}`h ckerhfuh ck }`h ahyha li trl}he}clk }l -844!444W wcaa

}fnh xu lkh u}ht ixr}`hr }lwfrm }`h rhfaczf}clk li }`f} olfa+ Uhh Uhexrc}chu Ckyhu}lr

Trl}he}clk Fe} Fghkmghk}: @hfrcko Bhilrh }`h Uxbelgg+ lk Elkuxghr

Trl}he}clk fkm Ickfkeh li }`h @+ Elgg+ lk Ck}hru}f}h fkm Ilrhcok Elgghreh!39}` Elko+ 2? 6304#> fkm

]`h ahyha li trl}he}clk u`lxam bh elkucu}hk} wc}` lkh li }`h ixkmfghk}fa trckectahuoxcmcko }`h hu}fbacu`ghk} li UCTE! fkm }`f} cu }`f} c} trl}he} }`h ugfaa ckyhu}lr! bx}

kl} }`h trlihuuclkfa+Cm+ f} 8+


10/68

?

Fk ckerhfuh ck }`h ahyha li trl}he}clk faul gfs ckerhfuh }`h fglxk} li eafcgu fuuhr}hm

fofcku} }`h UCTE Ixkm+ ]`h Blfrm li Mcrhe}lru gfs wcu` }l u}xms }`h fmmc}clkfa fglxk} }`f} }`h

UCTE Ixkm wcaa bh rhvxcrhm }l fbulrb fu f rhuxa} li uxe` f e`fkoh! fkm w`h}`hr }`h }froh} ahyha li

}`h UCTE Ixkm wcaa khhm }l bh ckerhfuhm fu whaa+

]`h Blfrm li Mcrhe}lru faul gfs wcu` }l elkucmhr }`cu ckerhfuh }loh}`hr wc}` frhelgghkmf}clk }l hacgckf}h }`h mcu}cke}clk bh}whhk eafcgu ilr efu` fkm eafcgu ilr uhexrc}chu+

U`lxam }`h mcu}cke}clk bh hacgckf}hm! }`h trl}he}clk ilr efu` eafcgu wlxam ckerhfuh irlg

-284!444 }l -6+5 gcaaclk+ Lk }`h l}`hr `fkm! ci }`h acgc} lk eafcgu ilr efu` rhgfcku f} -284!444!

}`h mcutfrc}s bh}whhk trl}he}clk ilr efu` eafcgu fkm uhexrc}chu eafcgu wcaa ckerhfuh+


11/68

0


Hacgckf}h }`h Mcu}cke}clk ck }`h Ahyhau li Trl}he}clk ilr

Efu` fkm Uhexrc}chu

Lyhrychw

]`h ]fun Ilreh hpfgckhm w`h}`hr }`h exrrhk} mcu}cke}clk ck }`h ahyhau li trl}he}clk ilr

efu` yhruxu uhexrc}chu eafcgu fmhvxf}has trl}he}u exu}lghru fkm cu fttrltrcf}h ck aco`} li }`h wfs

}`f} exu}lghr fuuh}u frh nht} f} glmhrk brlnhr mhfahru+ Exrrhk}as! }`h ahyha li trl}he}clk thr

exu}lghr cu eftthm f} -844!444! xt }l -284!444 li w`ce` gfs bh ck uf}cuife}clk li f exu}lghru

efu` eafcg+

]`h ]fun Ilreh `fu mh}hrgckhm }`f} }`h mcu}cke}clk bh}whhk }`h trl}he}clk bfuhm lkeafcgu ilr efu` fkm eafcgu ilr uhexrc}chu u`lxam bh hacgckf}hm+ ]`cu mcu}cke}clk ahfmu }l frbc}rfrs

rhulax}clk li eafcgu fu bh}whhk exu}lghru! gfs kl alkohr rhiahe} }`h wfs }`f} efu` fkm uhexrc}chu

frh `ham f} brlnhr mhfahru! fkm `fu erhf}hm elkixuclk lyhr }`h wfs }`f} eafcgu bfuhm lk ice}c}clxu

uhexrc}chu frh }rhf}hm+


]`h ]fun Ilreh rhelgghkmu }`f} }`h mcu}cke}clk ck }`h ahyha li trl}he}clk

bh}whhk eafcgu ilr efu` fkm eafcgu ilr uhexrc}chu bh hacgckf}hm+

]`h Gh}`lm li Uf}cuiscko Eafcgu ilr Uhexrc}chu

F olfa li f UCTF trlehhmcko cu }l rhu}lrh exu}lghru }l }`hcr feelxk}u fu khfras fu

tluucbah fu }`h feelxk}u hpcu}hm lk }`h icacko mf}h! fu mhickhm ck UCTF uhe}clk ?0aaa?#+ Uhh

UCTF ?0iii'2m#+ Uhh faul U+ Rht+ Kl+ 38'?95 f} 2 63?0#! rhtrck}hm ck 63?0 X+U+E+E+F+K+ ?98

Bs uhhncko }l gfnh exu}lghr feelxk}u w`lah fkm rh}xrkcko }`hg }l exu}lghru ck }`h ilrg }`hs

hpcu}hm lk }`h icacko mf}h! ^}`h 63?0 fghkmghk}u }l UCTFW + + + wlxam rhu}lrh }`h exu}lghr }l `cu

tluc}clk trclr }l }`h brlnhr'mhfahru ickfkecfa mciicexa}chu+#+ Fu uxe`! exu}lghru w`l frh lwhmuhexrc}chu }stcefaas rhehcyh uhexrc}chu ck uf}cuife}clk li }`hcr eafcgu+ Uhh! h+o+! @+R+ Rht+ Kl+ 38'

?=9! f} 26! =6 63??# Lxr hpthe}f}clk cu }`f}! ck faglu} faa efuhu! f exu}lghru eafcg ilr

uhexrc}chu wlxam bh uf}cuichm bs }`h mhacyhrs li uhexrc}chu + + + +#+ Ci }`h ixkm li exu}lghr

trlthr}s mlhu kl} ckeaxmh hklxo` uhexrc}chu }l uf}cuis exu}lghr eafcgu! }`h }rxu}hh wcaa txre`fuh


12/68

3

uhexrc}chu }`f} frh fyfcafbah ck f ifcr fkm lrmhras gfrnh}+ UCTF ?0iii'2m#+5 Ci rhtafehghk}

uhexrc}chu frh kl} fyfcafbah ck f ifcr fkm lrmhras gfrnh}! `lwhyhr! }`h }rxu}hh gfs uf}cuis f eafcg

ilr uhexrc}chu bs trlycmcko efu` hvxfa }l }`h gfrnh} yfaxh li }`h uhexrc}s lk } h icacko mf}h+ UCTF

?0iii'2b#+

]`h Efu` Uwhht

F} }`h }cgh }`f} UCTF wfu mrfi}hm! efu` ilr }`h txrtluh li txre`fucko uhexrc}chu

ohkhrfaas wfu `ham ck exu}lghru uhexrc}chu feelxk}u+ Uckeh }`h 63?4u! `lwhyhr! }`h xuh li

glkhs gfrnh} ixkmu `fu ckerhfuhm mrfgf}cefaas!= wc}` gfks exu}lghru klw `fycko }`hcr

brlnhrfoh efu` uwht} lyhrkco`} ck}l glkhs gfrnh} ixkmu lr bfkn mhtluc} feelxk}u+ Uhh!

h+o+! Jfkh J+ Ncg! _faa U}rhh} Ex}u Schamu lk Ckyhu}lru Efu`! _faa U}+ J+! Fxoxu} 56! 2448!

fyfcafbah f} `}}t:,,lkackh+wuj+elg,fr}ceah,KF\_UJ\TXB:UB6628=844596442?505+`}ga+

Exu}lghru li brlnhr mhfahru xucko uxe` uwhhtu frh glrh acnhas }l `fyh efu` ck }`hcr

brlnhrfoh feelxk}u lkas w`hk c} cu efxo`}! }`f} cu! w`hk f exu}lghr mhtluc}u efu` ck}l `cu

feelxk} cgghmcf}has bhilrh }`h icrgu ifcaxrh! lr `cu uhexrc}chu `fyh bhhk acvxcmf}hm fkm! f}}`h }cgh li }`h brlnhrfoh ifcaxrh! }`h exu}lghr `fu kl} sh} rhckyhu}hm }`h efu` lr wc}`mrfwk

}`h efu` ufahu trlehhmu+ Bhefxuh li }`cu rfkmlg }cgcko! } h exu}lghr cu ahi} wc} f eafcg ilr

efu` fkm ahuuhr trl}he}clk }`fk ci `cu fuuh}u whrh `ham ck uhexrc}chu+

Elxr}u frh Mcycmhm lk _`h}`hr f Eafcg ilr Ice}c}clxu Uhexrc}chu Cu f Eafcg ilr Efu` lr f

Eafcg ilr Uhexrc}chu

Exrrhk}as! }wl ihmhrfa elxr}u li ftthfau frh mcycmhm lyhr w`h}`hr f eafcg ilr ice}c}clxu

uhexrc}chu cu f eafcg ilr efu` lr f eafcg ilr uhexrc}chu xkmhr UCTF+ ]`h Ucp}` Ecrexc}! ckTaxgbhru

) U}hfgic}}hru Alefa Kl+ =34 Uhyhrfkeh fkm Rh}+ Ixkm y+ Fttah}lk Ck rh Icru} L`cl Uheu+ El+#!633= X+U+ Ftt+ AHPCU 565=? 9}` Ecr+ Kly+ 6! 633=# Icru} L`cl#! rxahm }`f} ehr}fck eafcgu

ckylaycko ice}c}clxu uhexrc}chu u`lxam bh }rhf}hm fu eafcgu ilr efu`! w`cah }`h Uhelkm Ecrexc}! ckCk

rh Khw ]cghu Uhe+ Uhryu+ Cke+! 5?6 I+5m 90 2m Ecr+ 244=# Khw ]cghu#! rxahm }`f} ehr}fck

eafcgu ilr ice}c}clxu uhexrc}chu u`lxam bh }rhf}hm fu eafcgu ilr uhexrc}chu+ ]`cu mcu}cke}clk cu

5 ]`h }rxu}hhu fx}`lrc}s }l uf}cuis eafcgu ck hc}`hr efu` lr uhexrc}chu cu trhuhryhm ck ehr}fckecrexgu}fkehu+ Uhh @+R+ Rht+ Kl+ 38'?=9! f} =6'=2 63??# Lkh e`chi elkehrk cu }`f} }`h }rxu}hhkl} bh rhvxcrhm }l gfnh txre`fuhu ck f gfrnh} w`ce` cu bhcko cgtrlthras elk}rlaahm lrgfkctxaf}hm+#+ Acnhwcuh! ci f eafcg ilr uhexrc}chu cu kl} }cghas icahm! }`h }rxu}hh gfs uf}cuis }`heafcg ck efu` lr uhexrc}chu! lr bl}`! fu }`h }rxu}hh mhecmhu cu glu} helklgcefa+ UCTF ?0iii'2f#5#+

= Bs 63?0! }l}fa kh} fuuh}u `ham ck glkhs gfrnh} ixkmu `fm orlwk }l lyhr -8 bcaaclk+ Uhh GfrecfU}coxg! ]`h Glkhs Gfrnh}: Gs}`! Rhfac}s fkm Trfe}ceh! 85= 63?0#+ @lwhyhr! ck 63?0! glkhsgfrnh} ixkmu u}caa tafs^hmW f rhaf}cyhas ugfaa rlah+ Cm+ Feelrmcko }l }`h Ckyhu}ghk} ElgtfksCku}c}x}h! ilr }`h whhn hkmhm Ihbrxfrs 6! 2462! }`h }l}fa kh} fuuh}u ilr glkhs gfrnh} ixkmu wfu-2+93 }rcaaclk+ Uhh _hhnas Glkhs Gfrnh} Gx}xfa Fuuh}u! fyfcafbah f} `}}t:,,www+cec+lro,rhuhfre`%u}f}cu}ceu+


13/68

64

cgtlr}fk} bhefxuh eafcgu ilr uhexrc}chu `fyh f `co`hr acgc} ilr }`h UCTE fmyfkeh }`fk efu` lkas

eafcgu: }`h lyhrfaa UCTE fmyfkeh cu acgc}hm }l -844!444! bx} }`h efu` tlr}clk cu acgc}hm }l

-284!444! uxbjhe} }l fk ckiaf}clk fmjxu}ghk}+ UCTF ?0iii'5f#! m#+

]`h Khw ]cghu ck}hrtrh}f}clk cu ckelkucu}hk} wc}` `lw eafcgu ilr uhexrc}chu frh }l bh

uf}cuichm xkmhr UCTF+ Xkmhr UCTF! exu}lghru w`l frh lwhm uhexrc}chu rhehcyh hc}`hr }`huhexrc}chu lr }`hcr icacko mf}h gfrnh} yfaxh+ ]`xu! c} cu cgtluucbah }l mhacyhr uhexrc}chu lr f icacko

mf}h gfrnh} yfaxh li uhexrc}chu w`hk }`h uhexrc}chu frh ice}c}clxu+ Khyhr}`hahuu! }`hKhw ]cghu

tluc}clk `lamu }`f} }`h exu}lghr w`l cu lwhm ice}c}clxu uhexrc}chu `fu f eafcg ilr uhexrc}chu! }`h

eafcg cu trl}he}hm xt }l -844!444! fkm }`h yfaxh li }`h uhexrc}chu cu kl} }`h gfrnh} yfaxh li

zhrl! bx} }`h fglxk} li efu` mhtluc}hm bs }`h exu}lghr wc}` }`h brlnhr }l tfs ilr }`h

uhexrc}chu+ ]`hKhw ]cghutluc}clk }`hrhilrh rhvxcrhu f }rxu}hh }l uf}cuis f eafcg ilr ice}c}clxu

uhexrc}chu mciihrhk}as }`fk eafcgu ilr ahoc}cgf}h uhexrc}chu+

Trlbahgu wc}` }`h Efu`,Uhexrc}chu Mcu}cke}clk

]`h efu`,uhexrc}chu mcu}cke}clk `fu bhhk trlbahgf}ce }`rlxo`lx} UCTE/u `cu}lrs+

Hpfgtahu ckeaxmh }`h ilaalwcko:

6+ F exu}lghr ulam `hr hk}crh uhexrc}chu tlr}ilacl fkm lrmhrhm }`h trlehhmu }l bh uhk} }l`hr+ ]`f} tlr}ilacl hpehhmhm }`h }`hk exrrhk} gfpcgxg li -24!444 UCTE elxam

fmyfkeh ilr f efu` eafcg+ U`h rhehcyhm f e`hen! bx} c} wfu kl} `lklrhm bhefxuh }`h

brlnhrfoh icrg ifcahm bhilrh u`h elxam efu` }`h e`hen+ F usgtf}`h}ce bfknrxt}es

jxmoh `ham }`f} }`h exu}lghr wfu fk ckylaxk}frs efu` mhtluc}lr! ck fk f}}hgt} }l

fylcm }`h eahfr acgc} li trl}he}clk+8 Lk ftthfa! }`h Xkc}hm U}f}hu Mcu}rce} Elxr}

rhyhruhm! kl}cko }`f} }`h elxr} bhalw `fm mcurhofrmhm }`h hptacec} afkoxfoh li }`hu}f}x}h+

9

2+ F thkuclk tafk lrmhrhm c}u tlr}ilacl acvxcmf}hm! fkm }`h brlnhrfoh icrg elgtachm+ ]`h thkuclk tafk ulxo`} }l fylcm }`h elkuhvxhkehu li }`h ufah ul }`f} c} elxam `fyh f

eafcg ilr uhexrc}chu! bx} }`h elxr} rxahm! elrrhe}as! }`f} }`h thkuclk tafk `fm f eafcg

ilr efu`+?

8Ck rh _hcu Hu}f}h li Crhkh @+ ]xe`ahr! Eafcgfk}#! Kl+ ?5 Ecy+ 2552! uact lt+ f} 6= U+M+K+S+Kly+ ?! 63?8# Bfbc}}! B+J+#

9 Ck rh _hcu Hu}f}h li Crhkh @+ ]xe`ahr! Eafcgfk}#! Kl+ ?5 Ecy+ 2552! uact lt+ f} 6 U+M+K+S+Mhe+ 20! 63??# Nkftt! M+J+#

?Ck rh Glrofk! Nhkkhms ) El+! Cke+! 5 Bfknr+ E}+ Mhe+ ERR# 68 Bfknr+ U+M+K+S+ 63??#


14/68

66

5+ Exu}lghru w`l `fm ulam }`hcr uhexrc}chu }rchm }l fylcm }`h elkuhvxhkehu li }`f} ufahbs froxcko }`f} }`h brlnhrfoh icrg `fm khyhr mhacyhrhm }`h uhexrc}chu }l }`h bxshru+

]`cu froxghk} wfu xkuxeehuuixa+0

]`h tf}}hrk ck }`h ilrholcko efuhu cu ckhueftfbah+ _`hk elkirlk}hm wc}` f eafcg ilr

efu` }`f} hpehhmu UCTFu eftfec}s }l uf}cuis! eafcgfk}u f}}hgt} }l u`lh`lrk }`hcr tfr}cexafr ife} tf}}hrk ck}l f eafcg ilr uhexrc}chu+ ]`h afw fu tafckas wrc}}hk rhvxcrhu lttluc}clk }l uxe`

f}}hgt}u+


Hacgckf}cko }`h mcu}cke}clk bh}whhk eafcgu ilr efu` fkm eafcgu ilr uhexrc}chu rhulayhu

tl}hk}cfa mcutfrf}h }rhf}ghk} li exu}lghru! fu whaa fu }`h utac} bh}whhk }`h elxr}u li ftthfau lyhr

w`h}`hr ice}c}clxu uhexrc}chu ocyh rcuh }l eafcgu ilr efu` lr eafcgu ilr uhexrc}chu+ Ck fmmc}clk! c}

ckerhfuhu }`h fglxk} li trl}he}clk fyfcafbah }l exu}lghru li brlnhr'mhfahru+ Fu f rhuxa} li }`cu

ckerhfuh ck trl}he}clk! `lwhyhr! }`h fglxk} li eafcgu fofcku} }`h UCTE Ixkm faul gfs ckerhfuhelgghkuxrf}has+ ]`h Blfrm li Mcrhe}lru gfs wcu` }l hpfgckh }`h fmmc}clkfa fglxk} }`f} } h

UCTE Ixkm wlxam bh rhvxcrhm }l fbulrb fu f rhuxa} li uxe` f e`fkoh+

C} cu faul wlr}` kl}cko }`f} ci }`h mcu}cke}clk bh}whhk eafcgu ilr efu` fkm eafcgu ilr

uhexrc}chu cu hacgckf}hm! UCTE wcaa liihr orhf}hr trl}he}clk fofcku} }`h aluu li efu` }`fk }`h IMCE+

]`cu wlxam mhtfr} irlg }`h trfe}ceh li }`h efu` acgc} xkmhr UCTF }rfencko }`f} li }`h IMCE+

Feelrmckoas! }`h Blfrm li Mcrhe}lru gfs wcu` }l u}xms w`h}`hr fk ckerhfuh ck }`h fglxk} li

efu` trl}he}clk wcaa rhuxa} ck exu}lghru `lamcko glrh efu` f} brlnhr mhfahru! }fncko ck}l

elkucmhrf}clk! fglko l}`hr }`ckou! }`h mciihrhk} txrtluhu ilr w`ce` efu` cu ahi} lk mhtluc} wc}`

hfe` cku}c}x}clk fkm }`h glmhrk'mfs trfe}ceh }`f} ifylru uwhhtu li ixkmu lx} li }`h brlnhrfoh+

0 Gxrrfs y+ GeOrfw Ck rh Bhaa ) Bhenwc}`#! 026 I+2m 555 9}` Ecr+ 630?#+


15/68

62


Trl}he} Tfr}cectfk}u ck Thkuclk Ixkmu lk f Tfuu']`rlxo` Bfucu

Lyhrychw

Exrrhk}as! xkmhr UCTF! thrulku wc}`lx} feelxk}u f} }`h brlnhrfoh! bx} ckyhu}hm wc}` f

tafk lr f ixkm wc}` fk feelxk} f} } h brlnhrfoh! frh kl} hacocbah ilr uhtfrf}h UCTE fmyfkehu+ Ck

}`f} uc}xf}clk! }`h ixkm lr }`h bhkhic} tafk cu }`h exu}lghr! fkm c} falkh cu hacocbah ilr UCTE

fmyfkehu+

]`h ]fun Ilreh hpfgckhm w`h}`hr tfuu'}`rlxo` trl}he}clk u`lxam bh trlycmhm ilr

ckmcycmxfa eafcgfk}u wc}`lx} fk feelxk}+ Fglko l}`hr }`ckou! }`h ]fun Ilreh elkucmhrhm }`h

tluucbah hptfkuclk li trl}he}clk ck elkjxke}clk wc}` f rhychw li }`h }rxu} fkm icmxecfrs

trlycuclku xkmhr }`h Hgtalshh Rh}crhghk} Ckelgh Uhexrc}s Fe} li 63?=! 23 X+U+E+ 6446 h}

uhv+ HRCUF#+


]`h ]fun Ilreh rhelgghkmu }`f} UCTF bh fghkmhm }l trlycmh tfuu'}`rlxo`

trl}he}clk ilr ckmcycmxfa tfr}cectfk}u ck }`h ilaalwcko HRCUF'vxfacichm tafku:

mhickhm bhkhic} thkuclk tafku! mhickhm elk}rcbx}clk tafku! fkm mhihrrhm trlic}

u`frcko tafku+ Hfe` ckmcycmxfa tfr}cectfk} u`lxam bh uxbjhe} }l }`h UCTEtrl}he}clk acgc}u+ ]`h elgbckhm kh} hvxc}chu li faa tafk tfr}cectfk}u u`lxam kl}

bh orhf}hr }`fk }`h kh} hvxc}s li }`h tafku fuuh}u `ham bs }`h UCTE ghgbhr+

Lyhrychw li UCTFu ]rhf}ghk} li Eafcgfk}u _c}`lx} fk Feelxk}

Ck f brlnhrfoh icrg acvxcmf}clk xkmhr UCTF! UCTE ixkmu gfs bh xuhm }l rhtafeh gcuucko

fuuh}u ilr hfe` brlnhrfoh exu}lghr! fu }`f} }hrg cu mhickhm ck uhe}clk ?0 aaa2# li UCTF+

Exrrhk}as! thrulku wc}`lx} feelxk}u f} }`h brlnhrfoh! bx} ckyhu}hm wc}` f tafk lr f ixkm wc}` fk

feelxk} f} }`h brlnhrfoh! frh kl} hacocbah ilr uhtfrf}h UCTE fmyfkehu+ Ck }`f} uc}xf}clk! }`h ixkm

lr }`h bhkhic} tafk cu }`h exu}lghr! fkm c} falkh cu hacocbah ilr UCTE fmyfkehu+

Glu} eafcgfk}u w`l ml kl} `fyh fk feelxk} f} f brlnhrfoh icrg ck }`hcr kfgh lr fu

bhkhicecfrchu li f klgckhh lr fohk}# frh kl} }rhf}hm fu uhtfrf}h exu}lghru xkmhr UCTF+ Uhh!

UCTE y+ BAGCU! =8= B+R+ 208 Bfknr+ U+M+K+S+ 2466#! fiim! Ck rh Flzlrf Bfkn A}m+! UCTE y+

BAGCU#! 2462 _A 20=90 U+M+K+S+ Jfk+ =+! 2462#> Taxgbhru ) U}hfgic}}hru Alefa Kl+ =34

Uhyhrfkeh fkm Rh}crhghk} Ixkm y+ Fttah}lk Ck rh Icru} L`cl Uhe+ El+# ! 633= X+U+ Ftt+ AHPCU


16/68

65

565=? 9}` Ecr+ Kly+ 6! 633=#> UCTE y+ Glrofk Nhkkhms ) El+! 855 I+2m 656= 2m Ecr+#! ehr}+

mhk+ uxbklg+! ]rxu}hhu li }`h Rhfmcko Blms _lrnu! Cke+ y+ UCTE! =29 X+U+ 359 63?9#+ UCTF

erhf}hu fk hpeht}clk }l }`cu ohkhrfa rxah ilr exu}lghru fkm brlnhr mhfahru li bfknu w`hrh }`h

brlnhr mhfahr lr bfkn cu }`h feelxk} `lamhr+ Ck }`f} uc}xf}clk! exu}lghr u}f}xu tfuuhu }`rlxo` }l

f exu}lghr li f brlnhr! mhfahr lr bfkn }`f}! fe}cko lk bh`fai li uxe` exu}lghr! `fu f kh} hvxc}s

eafcg fofcku} }`h mhb}lr+ _`hk f brlnhr! mhfahr lr bfkn `fu f kh} hvxc}s eafcg fofcku} f mhb}lr

frcucko lx} li f }rfkufe}clk lk bh`fai li c}u exu}lghru! hfe` uxe` xkmhrascko exu}lghr cu

elkucmhrhm }l bh fk ckmcycmxfa exu}lghr li }`h mhb}lr+ UCTF ?0iii'5f#8#+

Ef}holrchu li Ckyhu}lru _c}`lx} fk Feelxk} f} }`h UCTE Ghgbhr Brlnhr Mhfahr

]`h ilaalwcko frh exrrhk}as kl} hacocbah ilr tfuu'}`rlxo` trl}he}clk! fkm }`h ]fun Ilreh cu

rhelgghkmcko kl e`fkoh }l }`hcr }rhf}ghk}:

6+ Ckmcycmxfa u`frh`lamhru! w`hrh f elrtlrf}clk cu }`h feelxk} `lamhr>2+ Ckmcycmxfa acgc}hm lr ohkhrfa tfr}khru! w`hrh f tfr}khru`ct cu }`h feelxk} `lamhr>5+ Ckmcycmxfa ghgbhru li fk xkckelrtlrf}hm fuulecf}clk! w`hrh }`h fuulecf}clk cu }`h

feelxk} `lamhr> fkm

=+ Ckyhu}lru w`l lwk u`frhu li f `hmoh ixkm! ixkm li ixkmu! lr gx}xfa ixkm! w`hrh }`hixkm cu }`h feelxk} `lamhr+

]`h ]fun Ilreh mh}hrgckhm }`f} }`h }rhf}ghk} li eafcgfk}u ck }`huh ef}holrchu u`lxam kl} e`fkoh+

]`h ckyhu}lru ck }`huh ef}holrchu `fyh kl rhaf}clku`ct wc}` }`h brlnhr fkm gfs `fyh rhelxruh

fofcku} }`hcr elrtlrf}clk! tfr}khru`ct! lr fuulecf}clk }l }`h hp}hk} }`f} }`hcr ckyhu}ghk} wfu kl}

trlthr+ Ck fmmc}clk! gxe` li }`h ckilrgf}clk elkehrkcko }`h xkmhrascko ckyhu}lru fkm }`h uczh li

}`hcr ckyhu}ghk}u cu trltrch}frs! fkm ohkhrfaas cu xkfyfcafbah }l }`h brlnhr+ _c}`lx} feehuu }l }`h

bllnu fkm rhelrmu li }`h xkmhrascko ixkmu! c} cu cgtluucbah }l fuehr}fck }`h fglxk} li fmmc}clkfahptluxrh }l }`h UCTE Ixkm ci trl}he}clk cu hp}hkmhm }l }`cu orlxt+ Feelrmckoas! }`h ]fun Ilreh

rhelgghkmu }`f} }`huh ckyhu}lru bh hmxef}hm }`f} }`hcr ckyhu}ghk}u frh kl} trl}he}hm+

]`h ilaalwcko frh exrrhk}as kl} hacocbah ilr tfuu'}`rlxo` trl}he}clk! bx} }`h ]fun Ilreh cu

rhelgghkmcko }`f} }rhf}ghk} li }`huh ckmcycmxfau bh e`fkohm:

6+ Ckmcycmxfa tfr}cectfk}u li f mhickhm bhkhic} thkuclk tafk! w`hrh }`h tafk cu }`hfeelxk} `lamhr>

2+ Ckmcycmxfa tfr}cectfk}u ck f mhickhm elk}rcbx}clk tafk! w`hrh }`h tafk cu }`h feelxk}`lamhr w`h}`hr lr kl} }`h brlnhr uhkmu u}f}hghk}u }l hfe` li }`h tfr}cectfk}u#>

3

fkm

3 Ci }`h mhickhm elk}rcbx}clk tafk cu }`h feelxk} `lamhr fkm ulah exu}lghr! fkm }`h brlnhr mlhukl} uhkm feelxk} u}f}hghk}u }l hfe` li }`h tfr}cectfk}u! }`h ckmcycmxfa tfr}cectfk}u klrgfaaswlxam kl} uhtfrf}has bh hacocbah ilr UCTE fmyfkehu+ Lk }`h l}`hr `fkm! ci }`h brlnhr uhkmufeelxk} u}f}hghk}u }l hfe` tfr}cectfk}! fkm hfe` tfr}cectfk} hphrecuhu fx}`lrc}s }l gfnh }rfmhu ck`cu lr `hr feelxk}! hfe` tfr}cectfk} exrrhk}as cu }rhf}hm fu f uhtfrf}h exu}lghr+


17/68

6=

5+ Ckmcycmxfa tfr}cectfk}u ck f mhihrrhm trlic} u`frcko tafk! w`hrh }`h tafk cu }`hfeelxk} `lamhr+

Trcyf}has utlkulrhm thkuclk tafku `lam }`h fuuh}u li lyhr =4 gcaaclk fe}cyh tfr}cectfk}u! 64

gcaaclk li w`ce` frh rh}crhhu+ Uhh! h+o+! Ahh ]+ Tlan! HRCUF Trfe}ceh fkm Ac}cof}clk 6:8 2464#+

Lyhr }`h tfu} 84 shfru! }`hrh `fu bhhk f u`ci} ck }`h wfs }`f} ufyckou frh `ham fkm fk ckerhfuhmxuh li rh}crhghk} feelxk}u bs }stcefa rh}fca ckyhu}lru+ Uhh Ickfkehu li Hgtalshh Bhkhic}u!

63942445! Hgtalshh Bhkhic}u Rhuhfre` Cku}c}x}h! fyfcafbah f} `}}t:,,www+hbrc+lro,

tmi,txbacef}clku,ife}u,4248ife}+b+tmi hptafckcko }`f} tfsghk}u }l ckmcycmxfau irlg trcyf}h

hgtalshr thkuclk fkm trlic} u`frcko tafku ckerhfuhm irlg -6+? bcaaclk ck 6394 }l -524+= bcaaclk

ck 2445#+ ]`h ]fun Ilreh bhachyhu }`f} }`cu rhelgghkmf}clk wlxam bh fk cgtlr}fk}

glmhrkczf}clk }l UCTF! tfr}cexafras bhefxuh }`huh ckyhu}ghk}u }stcefaas rhtrhuhk} }`h rh}crhghk}

feelxk}u fkm acih ufyckou li gfks ckmcrhe} ckyhu}lru w`l ml kl} `fyh f e`lceh ck w`hrh }`hcr

tafku fuuh}u frh `ham+

Efryh'Lx} ilr Fylcmfkeh Fe}clku

Ck gfncko }`cu Rhelgghkmf}clk! }`h ]fun Ilreh mlhu kl} ck}hkm }l uxoohu} }`f} f UCTF

}rxu}hh u`lxam kl} bh faalwhm }l txruxh fylcmfkeh fe}clku fofcku} fks eafcgfk} ck fks li }`h

ef}holrchu acu}hm fblyh+ Ck }`h efuh li mhickhm bhkhic} tafku! bhkhicecfrchu gfs `fyh bhkhic}hm

irlg }`h rhehct} li fylcmfbah }rfkuihru! fkm f mhickhm bhkhic} tafk u`lxam kl} bh faalwhm }l

rhelyhr }`h fglxk} li c}u trl rf}f u`frh li exu}lghr trlthr}s fkmrh}fck }`h fylcmfbah }rfkuihr+

Fu uxe`! c} u`lxam bh gfmh eahfr }`f} }`h ixaa fglxk} li fks fylcmfbah }rfkuihr u`lxam bh

mhmxe}hm irlg }`h fglxk} li f ixkmu mcu}rcbx}clk }l }`h hp}hk} }`f} }`h fylcmfbah }rfkuihr wfu

kl} rhelyhrhm bs }`h }rxu}hh+


Bhefxuh li }`h wfs }`f} thkuclk ixkm fuuh}u frh exrrhk}as `ham! }`h ]fun Ilreh hpthe}u

}`f} glu} thkuclk ixkmu! tfr}cexafras afroh thkuclk ixkmu! wcaa elk}ckxh }l nhht }`hcr efu` fkm

uhexrc}chu ck bfknu hyhk ci } hs hphex}h }rfmhu }`rlxo` }`hcr brlnhrfoh feelxk}u+ @lwhyhr! fu }`h

uelth li trl}he}clk cu ckerhfuhm! }`h fglxk} li eafcgu fuuhr}hm fofcku} }`h UCTE Ixkm gfs faul

ckerhfuh+ Fu tfr} li fks e`fkoh }l }`h uelth li trl}he}clk! }`h Blfrm li Mcrhe}lru gfs wcu` }l

elkucmhr w`h}`hr f elgghkuxrf}h ckerhfuh }l }`h }froh} ahyha li }`h UCTE Ixkm cu khehuufrs+

C} faul wcaa bh cgtlr}fk} }l elkucmhr `lw }`h uthecice ghe`fkcugu li trl}he}clk wlxam

wlrn! uxe` fu w`ce` tfr}chu wcaa bh rhvxcrhm }l icah eafcgu fkm }`h ahyha li trlli }`f} cu khehuufrs}l mh}hrgckh w`h}`hr f eafcgfk} cu fe}xfaas f tfr}cectfk} ck }`h ixkm fkm }`h hp}hk} li c}u

tfr}cectf}clk+ ]`h ]fun Ilreh cu kl} gfncko f rhelgghkmf}clk fu }l }`huh trlehmxrfa cuuxhu+


18/68

68

Rhelgghkmf}clk Kl+ =:

Fghkm }`h Gckcgxg Fuuhuughk} }l }`h Orhf}hr li 6# -6!444> lr

2# }`h Fglxk} Uh} bs UCTE Bsafw Kl} }l Hpehhm 4+42( li }`h

Ghgbhru Orluu Rhyhkxhu irlg }`h Uhexrc}chu Bxuckhuu

Lyhrychw

Xkmhr UCTF uhe}clk ?0mmmm#6#E#! UCTE gfs cgtluh xtlk hfe` li c}u ghgbhru f

gckcgxg fuuhuughk} ck fk fglxk} }l bh uh} irlg }cgh }l }cgh bs UCTE Bsafw wc}`ck acgc}u uh}

bs Elkorhuu+ Xkmhr }`h Mlmm'Irfkn Fe}! 323Y! Elkorhuu fghkmhm }`h gckcgxg fuuhuughk}

fglxk} }l bh kl orhf}hr }`fk 4+42 threhk} li orluu rhyhkxhu irlg }`h uhexrc}chu bxuckhuu li hfe`

ghgbhr+ Trclr }l }`h hkfe}ghk} li }`h Mlmm'Irfkn Fe}! }`h gckcgxg fuuhuughk} wfu kl orhf}hr}`fk -684 thr fkkxg+ Uhh UCTF ?0mmmm#6#E# 2443#+

Exrrhk}as! ghgbhru frh fuuhuuhm lk 4+28( li }`hcr kh} lthrf}cko rhyhkxhu irlg }`h

uhexrc}chu bxuckhuu+ Ck 2443! ilr fttrlpcgf}has 28( li }`h ghgbhru`ct! 4+28( li kh} lthrf}cko

rhyhkxhu wfu bh}whhk -4 fkm -684+ Trclr }l }`h hkfe}ghk} li }`h Mlmm'Irfkn Fe}! }`huh

ghgbhru wlxam `fyh tfcm f iaf} -684 fuuhuughk} ihh+ Fi}hr }`h fghkmghk}! }`huh ghgbhru tfs

ahuu }`fk -684 fkm ck ulgh efuhu! -4+ ]`xu! xkmhr }`h Mlmm'Irfkn Fe}! ck ulgh cku}fkehu! } h

fuuhuughk}u fe}xfaas `fyh mherhfuhm lr bhhk hacgckf}hm+

Bhefxuh faa UCTE ghgbhr brlnhr'mhfahru bhkhic} irlg }`h UCTE trlorfg! }`h ]fun Ilreh

`fu mh}hrgckhm }`f} faa ghgbhru u`lxam tfs fk fuuhuughk} ihh+


]`h ]fun Ilreh rhelgghkmu }`f} faa UCTE ghgbhru tfs fk fuuhuughk} ihh

w`ce` cu }`h fglxk} uh} bs UCTE Bsafw fkm }`h gckcgxg fglxk} li w`ce`

u`faa kl} bh glrh }`fk 4+42( li }`h ghgbhru orluu rhyhkxhu irlg }`h

uhexrc}chu bxuckhuu! bx} ci }`h filrhghk}clkhm fglxk} cu ahuu }`fk -6!444! }`h

ghgbhr u`faa tfs f gckcgxg fuuhuughk} ihh li -6!444+


19/68

69


Faalw ilr }`h Xuh li }`h Mcrhe} Tfsghk} Trlehmxrh ck Efuhu ck _`ce` }`h

]l}fa Fglxk} li Eafcgu Foorhof}hu Ahuu }`fk -8 gcaaclk

Lyhrychw:

]`h ]fun Ilreh elkucmhrhm w`h}`hr }`h xuh li }`h Mcrhe} Tfsghk} Trlehmxrh u`lxam bh

xtmf}hm fkm,lr hptfkmhm+ Exrrhk}as! f Mcrhe} Tfsghk} Trlehmxrh cu fyfcafbah lkas ci UCTE

mh}hrgckhu }`f}:

}`h UCTE ghgbhr efkkl} ghh} c}u lbacof}clku }l exu}lghru> lkh lr glrh li }`h elkmc}clku uthecichm ck UCTF uhe}clk ?0hhhb#6# frh trhuhk}> }`h eafcg li hfe` exu}lghr cu wc}`ck }`h acgc}u li trl}he}clk xkmhr UCTF> }`h elu} li uf}cuiscko exu}lghru ck }`h Trlehmxrh wcaa bh ahuu }`fk }`h elu} xkmhr f

acvxcmf}clk trlehhmcko>

}`h ghgbhru brlnhr'mhfahr rhocu}rf}clk `fu }hrgckf}hm lr }`h ghgbhr `fuelkuhk}hm }l xuh li }`h Trlehmxrh> fkm

}`h eafcgu li faa exu}lghru li }`h ghgbhr }l}fa ahuu }`fk -284!444+]`h -284!444 eafcg acgc} `fu kl} bhhk fmjxu}hm uckeh 63?0+


]`h ]fun Ilreh rhelgghkmu }`f} }`h Mcrhe} Tfsghk} Trlehmxrh bh fyfcafbah ck

efuhu ck w`ce` }`h filrhghk}clkhm elkmc}clku frh trhuhk} hpeht} }`f} }`h }l}fa

fglxk} li eafcgu u`lxam foorhof}h ahuu }`fk -8 gcaaclk cku}hfm li -284!444+

Mcrhe} Tfsghk} Trlehmxrh

]`h Mcrhe} Tfsghk} Trlehmxrh ckeaxmhu kl}ceh fkm eafcgu trlehmxrhu ucgcafr }l }`luh ck f

jxmcecfa acvxcmf}clk trlehhmcko! bx} acgc}u bfknrxt}es elxr} ckylayhghk} }l }`h rhychw li }`h

mh}hrgckf}clk li fks exu}lghr eafcg fu }l w`ce` trlthr lbjhe}clk `fu bhhk icahm ck elxr}

wc}`ck ucp glk}`u li }`h mf}h UCTE gfcau }`h mh}hrgckf}clk+ Ucokcicefk}as! c} cu }`h eafcgfk} w`l

ckc}cf}hu elxr} ckylayhghk} bs }`h icacko li fk lbjhe}clk+ Faa faalwhm eafcgu frh uf}cuichm irlg

UCTE fmyfkehu> }`hrh cu kl elaahe}clk li exu}lghr trlthr}s+


20/68

6?

]`h Mcrhe} Tfsghk} Trlehmxrh cu mhucokhm }l hkfbah UCTE vxcenas! fkm ckhpthkucyhas! }l

gfnh exu}lghru w`lah! wc}`lx} }`h xuh li }`h glrh }cgh'elkuxgcko fkm hpthkucyh trlehmxrhu

li f jxmcecfa acvxcmf}clk trlehhmcko+ Ck UCTEu hpthrchkeh! Mcrhe} Tfsghk} Trlehmxrhu `fyh elu}

ahuu! `fyh trlycmhm fk hiicechk} ghe`fkcug ilr rh}xrkcko gcuucko efu` fkm uhexrc}chu }l

exu}lghru! fkm frh fmycufbah w`hrh }`h brlnhrfoh cu jxmoghk} trlli fkm }`hrh cu ac}}ah lr kl

exu}lghr trlthr}s }l bh `fm+

]`h ]fun Ilreh `fu mh}hrgckhm }`f} }`h Trlehmxrh fiilrmu exu}lghr trl}he}clk ck f

gfkkhr }`f} cu elu}'hiihe}cyh fkm }cgh'hiicechk}+ ]`h ]fun Ilreh rhelokczhu! `lwhyhr! }`f}

bhefxuh }`h Trlehmxrh cu elkmxe}hm lx} li elxr}! c} cu lkas uxc}fbah ck ehr}fck cku}fkehu+


21/68

60


Rhvxcrh Fxmc}lru li UCTE Ghgbhru }l Icah Eltchu li

Fxmc} Rhtlr}u _c}` UCTE

Lyhrychw

Ilr glrh }`fk ucp}s shfru! ck lrmhr }l ufihoxfrm exu}lghru fuuh}u! }`h UHE! bs ghfku li

c}u Rxah 6?f'8! 6? E+I+R+ 2=4+6?f'8! `fu rhvxcrhm fk ckmhthkmhk} txbace feelxk}fk} }l trlycmh

ehr}fck fuuxrfkehu rhofrmcko ickfkecfa ckilrgf}clk rhtlr}hm bs }`h brlnhr'mhfahr+ Uhh Hpe`fkoh

Fe} Rhahfuh Kl+ 5550! ? Ihm+ Rho+ 336? Mhe+ 6! 63=2#+ ]lwfrm }`f} hkm! }`h feelxk}fk} gxu}

thrilrg fk hpfgckf}clk li feelxk}fbcac}chu fkm rhutlkucbcac}chu li f icrg rhuxa}cko ck f rhtlr} }l

rhoxaf}lrs blmchu elkehrkcko }`f} icrgu icmxecfrs lbacof}clku }l exu}lghru+ Uhh UHE! U}xms li

Xkufih fkm Xkulxkm Trfe}cehu li Brlnhr'Mhfahru UHE U}xms#! @+R+ Mle+ Kl+ 32'256! f} 682

63?6#+ ]`h ckilrgf}clk cu icahm wc}` }`h UHE fkm }`h uhexrc}chu uhai'rhoxaf}lrs lrofkczf}clku+

]`h ckilrgf}clk trlycmhu }`huh fx}`lrc}chu wc}` f uxiicechk}as hfras wfrkcko }l hkfbah }`hg }l

}fnh fttrltrcf}h fe}clk }l trl}he} ckyhu}lru bhilrh }`h ickfkecfa elaaftuh li }`h tfr}cexafr brlnhr'

mhfahr ckylayhm+ ]lxe`h Rluu ) El+ y+ Rhmcko}lk! ==2 X+U+ 894! 8?4 63?3# ill}kl}h lgc}}hm#+

]`h txrtluh li }`h feelxk}fk}u fxmc} rhtlr} cu }`h ufgh fu }`f} li UCTF: }l trlycmh

orhf}hr trl}he}clk }l exu}lghru+ ]`h feelxk}fk}u fxmc} rhtlr} ckeaxmhu mh}fcahm ckilrgf}clk

rhofrmcko }`h UHEu kh} eftc}fa rhvxcrhghk}u Rxah 68e5'6# fkm exu}lghr rhuhryh rhvxcrhghk}u

Rxah 68e5'5#+ Klk'elgtacfkeh wc}` }`huh Rxahu rhvxcrhu } h UHE }l ckilrg UCTE ilr }`h

bhkhic} li exu}lghru+ Uhh UCTF ?0hhhf#6#+ @lwhyhr! UCTE mlhu kl} rhehcyh f elts li

feelxk}fk}u fxmc} rhtlr}u+ Fu f rhuxa}! UCTE efkkl} rhas mcrhe}as lk }`huh fxmc} rhtlr}u fkm }`xu

`fu bhhk `ham bs elxr}u kl} }l `fyh u}fkmcko }l uxh fk fxmc}lr ilr fks khoacohk} lr }lr}clxu

elkmxe} rhaf}hm }l }`h fxmc}+


]`h ]fun Ilreh rhelgghkmu }`f} UCTE ghgbhru bh rhvxcrhm }l icah fxmc}

rhtlr}u wc}` UCTE elkexrrhk}as wc}` }`hcr icacko wc}` }`h UHE+ ]`h txrtluh li

uxe` f rhvxcrhghk} wlxam bh }l faalw UCTE }l rhas lk }`h fxmc} rhtlr} fkm

trlycmh UCTE wc}` u}fkmcko }l uxh fk fxmc}lr ilr fks khoacohk} lr }lr}clxu

elkmxe} rhaf}hm }l fk fxmc}+


22/68

63

Rhaf}hm Ac}cof}clk ck UCTF Acvxcmf}clk Trlehhmckou

UCTE fkm,lr UCTF }rxu}hhu `fyh }fnhk fe}clk fofcku} feelxk}cko icrgu bfuhm lk }`h icrgu

fxmc} rhutlkucbcac}chu ck ucp acvxcmf}clk trlehhmckou+ Uh}}ahghk}u whrh rhfe`hm rhofrmcko }`h

fe}clku ck }`rhh li }`luh trlehhmckou+64 Ck }`h l}`hr }`rhh acvxcmf}clk trlehhmckou! }`h elxr}u `ham

}`f} }`h feelxk}fk} elxam kl} bh `ham acfbah }l UCTE+ Uhh UCTE y+ BML Uhcmgfk Ck rh F+R+Bfrlk ) El+#! 2=8 I+5m 6?= 2m Ecr+ 2446#> UCTE y+ Gxkkcko`lii Afkoh ) El+ Ck rh Mlkf`xh

Uhexrc}chu! Cke+#! 244= _A 5682?95 Bfknr+ U+M+ L`cl Kly+ 25! 244=#> UCTE y+ E`hu`chr )

Ixaahr Ck rh Uxktlck} Uhe+! Cke+#! 5?? B+R+ 865 Bfknr+ H+M+ ]hp+ 244?#! fiim uxb klg+!

Rce`frmulk y+ E`hu`chr ) Ixaahr AAT! 2440 _A 8622622 H+M+ ]hp+ Mhe+ 5! 2440#+ Ck Uxktlck}

Uhexrc}chu! }`h elxr} hptafckhm }`f} ^bWhefxuh UCTE wfu khyhr fwfrh li }`h elk}hk}u li }`h fxmc}

rhtlr}u! c} efkkl} mhglku}rf}h }`f} c} jxu}cicfbas rhachm lk fks u}f}hghk} gfmh bs }`h fxmc}lru ck

}`luh rhtlr}u! fkm c} efkkl} rhelyhr fofcku} E)I xtlk f }`hlrs li khoacohk} gcurhtrhuhk}f}clk+

5?? B+R+ f} 896+

Trltlufa }l E`fkoh Fttacefbah UHE Rxah

Trhuhk}as! UHE Rxah 6?f'8m#9#! 6? E+I+R+ 2=4+6?f'8m#9#! trlycmhu }`f} }`h fxmc}

rhtlr} cu }l bh icahm wc}` }`h UHE ck _fu`cko}lk! M+E+! }`h UHEu liiceh ck }`h brlnhr'mhfahru

rhoclk! fkm }`h trckectfa liiceh li }`h brlnhr'mhfahru mhucokf}hm hpfgckcko fx}`lrc}s+ _`cah }`h

rhtlr} cu }`xu fyfcafbah ilr rhoxaf}lru xuh ck glkc}lrcko }`h brlnhr'mhfahru ickfkecfa `hfa}`! }`h

rhtlr} cu kl} trlycmhm }l UCTE hyhk }`lxo` c} xa}cgf}has gfs }rcoohr }`h u}fr} li f acvxcmf}clk

trlehhmcko+ Uhh Rxah 6?f'8h#5#+

Fofcku} }`cu bfenorlxkm! UCTE `fu trltluhm rhelgghkmcko }`f} UHE Rxah 6?f'8m#9#

bh e`fkohm }l rhvxcrh }`f} }`h fxmc} rhtlr}u faul bh icahm wc}` UCTE+

66

Ckeaxmcko UCTE fu f

64 ]`h }`rhh acvxcmf}clk trlehhmckou whrh 6# R+M+ Nxu`kcr ) El+> 2# Rlens Glxk}fckUhexrc}chu fkm Ckyhu}ghk}u! Cke+> fkm 5# KHBU Ickfkecfa Uhrycehu! Cke+

66 ]`h trltluhm rxah e`fkoh wlxam rhycuh UHE Rxah 6?f'8m#9# }l fmm UCTE fu f mhucokf}hmhk}c}s }l rhehcyh f elts li }`h fkkxfa fxmc} rhtlr} icahm wc}` }`h UHE+ ]`h rxah cu uh} ilr}` bhalw!fkm }`h trltluhm rhycuclk cu c}faceczhm+

]`h fkkxfa fxmc} rhtlr} u`faa bh icahm f} }`h rhoclkfa liiceh li }`hElggcuuclk ilr }`h rhoclk ck w`ce` }`h brlnhr lr mhfahr `fu c}u trckectfa

tafeh li bxuckhuu! }`h Elggcuuclku trckectfa liiceh ck _fu`cko}lk! M+E+!fkm }`h trckectfa liiceh li }`h mhucokf}hm hpfgckcko fx}`lrc}s ilr ufcm brlnhr lr mhfahr+ Eltchu }`hrhli u faa bh trlycmhm }l faa uhai'rhoxaf}lrslrofkczf}clku li w`ce` ufcm brlnhr lr mhfahr cu f ghgbhr! fkm }l }`hUhexrc}chu Ckyhu}lr Trl}he}clk Elrtlrf}clk UCTE#+

]`h fmmc}clk li UCTE }l Rxah 6?f'8m#9# wlxam rhvxcrh f }he`kcefa fghkmghk} }l UHE Rxah6?f'8h#=#! u}rcncko }`h rhihrhkeh }l }`h Uhexrc}chu Ckyhu}lr Trl}he}clk Elrtlrf}clk! fkmuxbu}c}x}cko UCTE ck c}u tafeh+


23/68

24

mhucokf}hm rhectchk} wlxam ixr}`hr }`h olfa li ckyhu}lr trl}he}clk bs trlycmcko fkl}`hr afshr li

rhychw li }`h rhtlr} bs fk lrofkczf}clk mcrhe}as fiihe}hm bs c}u elk}hk}u+ Ck fmmc}clk! ckeaxmcko

UCTE fu f rhectchk} wlxam `hat }l fmmrhuu }`h thrucu}hk} elkehrk }`f} fks ucoku li ickfkecfa

whfnkhuu! fu bs klk'elgtacfkeh wc}` kh} eftc}fa rhvxcrhghk}u lr l}`hrwcuh! ^bhW wf}e`hm yhrs

efrhixaas fkm ilaalwhm xt ck lrmhr }l fxoghk} }`h ickfkecfa rhutlkucbcac}s rhvxcrhghk}u UCTF

wfu ck}hkmhm }l hk`fkeh! fkm }l trlycmh orhf}hr ckyhu}lr trl}he}clk+ Uhh UHE U}xms!uxtrf f} 28+


24/68

26

Rhelgghkmf}clk Kl+ ?:

Fiicrg }`h Lbacof}clk li Bfknu fkm L}`hr Exu}lmcfku }l Ufihoxfrm Rxah

68e5'5 Feelxk}u fkm }l Rhfiicrg ]`f} Uxe` Feelxk}u Frh Uxbjhe} }l

]rxu}hh Elk}rla Xtlk Brlnhr'Mhfahr Acvxcmf}clk

Lyhrychw

UHE Rxah 68e5'5! 6? E+I+R+ 2=4+68e5'5! faul rhihrrhm }l fu }`h Exu}lghr Trl}he}clk

Rxah! acnh UCTF! cu mhucokhm }l hkuxrh! fglko l}`hr }`ckou! }`f} exu}lghru w`l hk}rxu} efu` lr

uhexrc}chu }l f brlnhr'mhfahr ilr }`h txrtluh li hiihe}cko uhexrc}chu }rfkufe}clku frh fbah }l

rhelyhr }`f} trlthr}s! hyhk ci }`h brlnhr'mhfahr ifcau ickfkecfaas+

Xkmhr Rxah 68e5'5! bfknu fkm l}`hr exu}lmcfku fenklwahmoh lr forhh ck wrc}cko ilrhpfgtah! bs wfs li f kl achk ah}}hr#! wc}` rhuthe} }l feelxk}u lthkhm bs brlnhr'mhfahru ck

lrmhr }l elgtas wc}` Rxah 68e5'5 Rxah 68e5'5 Feelxk}u#! }`f} }`h feelxk}u frh kl} uxbjhe} }l

fks rco`}! e`froh! uhexrc}s ck}hrhu}! achk! lr eafcg li fks nckm ck ifylr li }`h bfkn lr fks thrulk

eafcgcko }`rlxo` }`h bfkn+ ]`h ]fun Ilreh `fu mh}hrgckhm }`f} c} u`lxam bh gfmh eahfr }`f}

bfknu fkm l}`hr exu}lmcfku frh kl} thrgc}}hm }l `stl}`hef}h lr uxbjhe} }l f achk fks fuuh}u efrrchm

ck Rxah 68e5'5 Feelxk}u+ C} faul u`lxam bh gfmh eahfr } f}! ck }`h acvxcmf}clk li f brlnhr'mhfahr

xkmhr UCTF! bfknu lr l}`hr exu}lmcfku efrrscko }`h brlnhr'mhfahru Rxah 68e5'5 Feelxk}u frh

rhvxcrhm }l }xrk lyhr }l }`h acvxcmf}clk }rxu}hh faa trlthr}s ck f Rxah 68e5'5 Feelxk}! fkm }`f} f

ifcaxrh }l }xrk lyhr uxe` trlthr}s gfs uxbjhe} }`h bfkn lr l}`hr exu}lmcfk }l ufke}clku ilr

yclaf}cko Uhe}clku 592 fkm 892 li }`h Bfknrxt}es Elmh! 66 X+U+E+ 646 h} uhv+!62 fu whaa fu fks

fttacefbah elxr} lrmhr! fkm gfs hptluh }`hg }l ufke}clku tl}hk}cfaas ckeaxmcko txkc}cyh

mfgfohu ilr f wcaaixa rhixufa# ilr yclaf}cko uxe` uhe}clku fkm! w`hrh fttacefbah! fks lrmhr#+


]`h ]fun Ilreh rhelgghkmu }`f} UCTE rhvxhu} }`f} }`h UHE cuuxh fk

ck}hrtrh}cyh rhahfuh wc}` rhuthe} }l Rxah 68e5'5 }`f} gfnhu eahfr }`f}

fi}hr trlycmcko fk fenklwahmoghk} lr forhhghk} ckeaxmcko wc}`lx}acgc}f}clk f kl achk ah}}hr# }`f} fk feelxk} xuhm ilr elgtacfkeh

wc}` Rxah 68e5'5 cu kl} uxbjhe} }l fks rco`}! e`froh! uhexrc}s ck}hrhu}!

achk! lr eafcg li fks nckm ck ifylr li uxe` bfkn lr exu}lmcfk lr fks

62Xkmhr UCTF uhe}clk ?0iiib#! uthecichm uhe}clku li }`h Bfknrxt}es Elmh fttas ck f UCTF

acvxcmf}clk }l }`h hp}hk} kl} ckelkucu}hk} wc}` UCTF+


25/68

22

thrulk eafcgcko }`rlxo` }`h bfkn lr exu}lmcfk f Eafcg#! f bfkn

lr l}`hr exu}lmcfk gfs kl} uxbuhvxhk}as erhf}h f Eafcg fofcku}

uxe` feelxk}! fkm

f rhvxhu} bs f }rxu}hh ilr }`h acvxcmf}clk li f brlnhr'mhfahr ilrelk}rla li uxe` fk feelxk} lr fks trlthr}s lk mhtluc} }`hrhck u`faa tx} }`h bfkn lr exu}lmcfk lk kl}ceh }`f} c}u ifcaxrh }l elgtas wc}`

uxe` f rhvxhu} gfs uxbjhe} }`h bfkn lr exu}lmcfk }l tluucbah

ufke}clku fkm,lr thkfa}chu ilr yclaf}cko Uhe}clku 592 fkm 8=2 li }`h

Bfknrxt}es Elmh! lr fcmcko fkm fbh}}cko f yclaf}clk li! Rxah 68e5'5+

Bfenorlxkm

UHE Rxah 68e5'5 trlycmhu! ck rhahyfk} tfr}:

e# Elk}rla li uhexrc}chu+ Uhexrc}chu xkmhr }`h elk}rla li f brlnhr lr mhfahr u`faa bh

mhhghm }l bh uhexrc}chu w`ce`: + + +

8# Frh ck }`h exu}lms lr elk}rla li f bfkn fu mhickhm ck uhe}clk 5f#9# li

}`h Fe}! }`h mhacyhrs li w`ce` uhexrc}chu }l }`h brlnhr lr mhfahr mlhu kl}

rhvxcrh }`h tfsghk} li glkhs lr yfaxh fkm }`h bfkn `fycko fenklwahmohm

ck wrc}cko }`f} }`h uhexrc}chu ck c}u exu}lms lr elk}rla frh kl} uxbjhe} }l fks

rco`}! e`froh! uhexrc}s ck}hrhu}! achk lr eafcg li fks nckm ck ifylr li f bfkn

lr fks thrulk eafcgcko }`rlxo` }`h bfkn> lr + + +

i#Kl}cicef}clk li bfknu+ F brlnhr lr mhfahr rhvxcrhm }l gfck}fck }`h rhuhryh bfkn

feelxk} trhuercbhm bs }`cu uhe}clk lr w`l gfck}fcku f uthecfa feelxk} rhihrrhm }l

ck tfrforft` n# li }`cu uhe}clk u`faa lb}fck fkm trhuhryh ck feelrmfkeh wc}`

2=4+6?f= wrc}}hk kl}cicef}clk irlg hfe` bfkn ck w`ce` `h `fu `cu rhuhryh bfkn

feelxk} lr uthecfa feelxk} }`f} }`h bfkn wfu ckilrghm }`f} faa efu` fkm,lr

vxfacichm uhexrc}chu mhtluc}hm }`hrhck frh bhcko `ham bs }`h bfkn ilr }`h hpeaxucyh

bhkhic} li exu}lghru li }`h brlnhr lr mhfahr ck feelrmfkeh wc}` }`h rhoxaf}clku li

}`h Elggcuuclk! fkm frh bhcko nht} uhtfrf}h irlg fks l}`hr feelxk}u gfck}fckhm

bs }`h brlnhr lr mhfahr wc}` }`h bfkn! fkm }`h brlnhr lr mhfahr u`faa `fyh f wrc}}hk

elk}rfe} wc}` }`h bfkn w`ce` trlycmhu }`f} }`h efu` fkm,lr vxfacichm uhexrc}chuu`faa f} kl }cgh bh xuhm mcrhe}as lr ckmcrhe}as fu uhexrc}s ilr f alfk }l }`h brlnhr lr

mhfahr bs }`h bfkn fkm! u`faa bh uxbjhe} }l kl rco`}! e`froh! uhexrc}s ck}hrhu}! achk!

lr eafcg li fks nckm ck ifylr li }`h bfkn lr fks thrulk eafcgcko }`rlxo` }`h bfkn+

Kl}wc}`u}fkmcko }`h kl}cicef}clk }l bfknu fkm l}`hr rhaf}hm trlycuclku li UHE Rxahu!

bfkn exu}lmcfku f} }cghu `fyh rhixuhm }l rhahfuh }l }`h UCTF }rxu}hh trlthr}s ck Rxah 68e5'5


26/68

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Feelxk}u+ Ck ulgh efuhu! }`h rhixufa wfu txrtlr}hmas bfuhm xtlk fuuhr}clku li f uxbuhvxhk}as

orfk}hm rco`}! e`froh! uhexrc}s ck}hrhu}! achk! lr eafcg li fks nckm ck ifylr li f bfkn lr fks thrulk

eafcgcko }`rlxo` }`h bfkn f Eafcg# fofcku} }`h Rxah 68e5'5 Feelxk}+ C} wlxam ifecac}f}h fkm

hpthmc}h }`h rhelyhrs li exu}lghr trlthr}s bs }`h }rxu}hh ilr }`h bhkhic} li exu}lghru ci c} cu

gfmh eahfr }`f} bfknu fkm l}`hr exu}lmcfku gfs kl} erhf}h Eafcgu lyhr Rxah 68e5'5 Feelxk}u!

}`f} trlthr}s ck f Rxah 68e5'5 Feelxk} cu uxbjhe} }l }`h UCTF }rxu}hhu elk}rla fkm mcutluc}clk

xtlk }`h elgghkehghk} li f UCTF acvxcmf}clk trlehhmcko! fkm }`f} }`h }rxu}hh u`faa bh

fx}`lrczhm }l rhelyhr irlg }`h exu}lmcfk fks trlthr}s cgtrlthras rhahfuhm! uhczhm lr

`stl}`hef}hm bs }`h bfkn ck yclaf}clk li c}u forhhghk}+ ]`cu eafrcicef}clk wlxam ixr}`hr }`h

hkilrehghk} li Rxah 68e5'5 fkm rhfiicrg hpcu}cko fttacefbah efuh afw+ Uhh! h+o+! Mlwmhk y+

Erluu Elxk}s Bfkn Ck rh Brc}}hkxg#! 3? B+R+ 845 H+M+ Frn+ 630?# `lamcko }`f} f Rxah 68e5'5

mhtluc} cu kl} uxbjhe} }l bfknu uh}lii eafcg#+

Ck }`f} rhofrm! }`h ]fun Ilreh bhachyhu }`f} }`cu trltluhm eafrcicef}clk wc}` rhuthe} }l }`h

}rhf}ghk} li exu}lghr trlthr}s bs f exu}lmcfk cu bhu} feelgtacu`hm }`rlxo` }`h cuuxfkeh li fk

ck}hrtrh}cyh rhahfuh bs }`h UHE rhuthe}cko Rxah 68e5'5+ ]`h ilaalwcko afkoxfoh cu uxoohu}hm }l

bh gfmh tfr} li fk UHE rhahfuh:

Xtlk }`h elgghkehghk} li f acvxcmf}clk xkmhr }`h Uhexrc}chu Ckyhu}lr Trl}he}clk

Fe}! 68 X+U+E+ ?0fff h} uhv+ UCTF#! li fks brlnhr lr mhfahr! ixkmu lr

uhexrc}chu mhtluc}hm bs lr lk bh`fai li uxe` brlnhr lr mhfahr ck fks bfkn feelxk}

f} fks tlck} fenklwahmohm lr forhhm bs }`h bfkn kl} }l bh uxbjhe} }l fks rco`}!

e`froh! uhexrc}s ck}hrhu}! achk! lr eafcg li fks nckm ck ifylr li }`h bfkn lr fks

thrulk eafcgcko }`rlxo` }`h bfkn ckeaxmcko wc}`lx} acgc}f}clk bs wfs li f kl

achk ah}}hr f Rxah 68e5'5 Feelxk}# u`faa bh uxbjhe} ulahas }l }`h elk}rla fkm

mcrhe}clk li! fkm mcutluc}clk bs! }`h }rxu}hh fttlck}hm ilr }`h acvxcmf}clk li uxe`

brlnhr'mhfahr }`h ]rxu}hh#+ F brlnhr'mhfahr yclaf}hu Rxah 68e5'5 ci c} erhf}hu

fks rco`}! e`froh! uhexrc}s ck}hrhu}! achk! lr eafcg li fks nckm ck lr lyhr f Rxah

68e5'5 Feelxk} lr }`h fuuh}u irlg }cgh }l }cgh lk mhtluc} }`hrhck# ck ifylr li }`h

bfkn lr fks thrulk eafcgcko }`rlxo` }`h bfkn f Eafcg# fofcku} f Rxah 68e5'5

Feelxk}> }`hrhilrh fks bfkn feeht}cko lr fe}cko lk }`h bfucu li uxe` f

uxbuhvxhk}as orfk}hm Eafcg u`faa bh mhhghm }l bh fcmcko fkm fbh}}cko f yclaf}clk

li Rxah 68e5'5+ F rhvxhu} }l f bfkn bs }`h ]rxu}hh ilr elk}rla li ixkmu lr

uhexrc}chu ck f Rxah 68e5'5 Feelxk} efrrchm bs uxe` bfkn u`faa tx} }`h bfkn lk

kl}ceh }`f} c}u ifcaxrh }l elgtas wc}` uxe` rhvxhu} wcaa yclaf}h Uhe}clku 592 fkm8=2 li }`h Bfknrxt}es Elmh fkm,lr fcm fkm fbh} f yclaf}clk li Rxah 68e5'5! fkm

gfs uxbjhe} }`h bfkn }l ufke}clku ckeaxmcko txkc}cyh mfgfohu#+


27/68


28/68

28

]`h Trltluhm Tlkzc Ue`hgh Ckyhu}lr Trl}he}clk Fe}

Thkmcko ahocuaf}clk ck }`h mrfi} Tlkzc Ue`hgh Ckyhu}lr Trl}he}clk Fe} li 246665

(Mrfi}

Bcaa#! w`ce`! lk Gfs 28! 2466! wfu rhihrrhm }l }`h @lxuh Elggc}}hh lk Ickfkecfa Uhrycehu!

uhhnu }l acgc} f }rxu}hhu fylcmfkeh tlwhru ck UCTF acvxcmf}clku ckylaycko Tlkzc ue`hghu+ ]`h

Mrfi} Bcaa wfu ck}rlmxehm fi}hr }`h Tlkzc Ue`hgh Ckyhu}lr Trl}he}clk Fe} li 24646=

mchm ckElggc}}hh+

Uhe}clk 0F(i# li }`h Mrfi} Bcaa u}f}hu }`f} }`h }rxu}hh li f Tlkzc ue`hgh gfs kl} uhhn }l

rhelyhr glkhs! ckeaxmcko trlic}u! irlg fks ckyhu}lr ck }`h Tlkzc ue`hgh xkahuu uxe` ckyhu}lr (6#

wfu elgtacec} ck }`h Tlkzc ue`hgh> lr (2# wfu rhocu}hrhm! lr u`lxam `fyh bhhk rhocu}hrhm! wc}`

}`h Elggcuuclk xkmhr }`h uhexrc}chu afwu fu fk ckyhu}ghk} fmycuhr! brlnhr! mhfahr! lr l}`hr

thrulk wc}` f icmxecfrs mx}s }l }`h exu}lghru lr ckyhu}lru li }`h thrulk+ Fu hptafckhm fblyh!

mcyhu}cko f }rxu}hh li `cu tlwhr }l fylcm }rfkuihru ckhyc}fbas rhuxa}u ck ckhvxc}fbah mcu}rcbx}clku }l

exu}lghru bs ifylrcko ulgh exu}lghru lyhr l}`hru+ ]`cu cu tfr}cexafras }rlxbahulgh ck }`h efuh

li f Tlkzc ue`hgh w`hrh kl fe}xfa ckyhu}ghk}u frh gfmh fkm ixkmu }`f} `fyh bhhk tfcm }l ehr}fckexu}lghru elkucu} li l}`hr exu}lghru glkhs+ Exu}lghru w`l rhehcyhm kl }rfkuihr li ixkmu

irlg }`h brlnhr'mhfahr bhilrh c}u ifcaxrh wlxam bh uxbjhe} }l f tl}hk}cfaas glrh acgc}hm

mcu}rcbx}clk ck }`h UCTF acvxcmf}clk trlehhmcko+

65 @+R+ 630?! 662}` Elko+ (2466#+

6= @+R+ 8452! 666}` Elko+ (2464#+


29/68

29


Elk}ckxh }l ]rhf} Eafcgu Frcucko irlg Rhtxre`fuh fkm Rhyhruh

Rhtxre`fuh Forhhghk}u fu Ohkhrfa Erhmc}lr Eafcgu


Elk}ckxh }l ]rhf} Eafcgu Frcucko irlg Lthk ]BF Elk}rfe}u fu Ohkhrfa

Erhmc}lr Eafcgu


Elk}ckxh }l ]rhf} Eafcgu Frcucko Irlg Erhmc}u Rhehcyhm Txruxfk} }l Uli}

Mlaafr Frrfkohghk}u fu Ohkhrfa Erhmc}lr Eafcgu

Rhelgghkmf}clk Kl+ 62:Elk}ckxh }l ]rhf} Eafcgu ilr Ihhu Hfrkhm ck Elkkhe}clk wc}`

Xkmhrwrc}cko lr L}`hr ]rfkufe}clku Hiihe}hm bs f Uskmcef}h fu Ohkhrfa

Erhmc}lr Eafcgu

Rhelgghkmf}clku 3 }`rlxo` 62 whrh elkucmhrhm }loh}`hr! fu }`hs hfe` rhas lk elgglk ahofa

trckectahu fkm tlaces elkucmhrf}clku+ Uthecicefaas! hfe` Rhelgghkmf}clk fmmrhuuhu f

tl}hk}cfa eafcg bs hc}`hr cku}c}x}clkfa exu}lghru lr ult`cu}cef}hm rh}fca exu}lghru! w`ce` frh

exu}lghru kl} ck}hkmhm }l `fyh }`hcr eafcgu uf}cuichm lx} li ixkmu fmyfkehm bs UCTE bs }`h

lrcockfa mrfi}hru li UCTF+ Ck fmmc}clk! hfe` li }`huh Rhelgghkmf}clku mhthkmu xtlk }`h

mhickc}clk li nhs }hrgu xkmhr UCTF uxe` fu exu}lghr! exu}lghr trlthr}s fkm uhexrc}s+

]`h bhalw uxggfrs li }`h afw }`hrhilrh fttachu }l hfe` li }`h Rhelgghkmf}clku+68

Exu}lghr fkm Exu}lghr Trlthr}s Xkmhr UCTF

Exu}lghr u}f}xu xkmhr UCTF cu acgc}hm+ Exu}lghr u}f}xu cu lkas fyfcafbah }l }`luh

thrulku w`l! lk }`h icacko mf}h! `fyh f eafcg }l uhexrc}chu lr efu` `ham ck exu}lms bs }`h brlnhr

ilr }`h exu}lghr fu fk ckyhu}lr ck uhexrc}chu+ Ck mh}hrgckcko }`h kf}xrh li f eafcgfk}u u}f}xu ck

rhaf}clk }l }`h mhb}lr! }`h elxr} gxu} alln f} }`h eafcgfk}u feelxk}! fu c} hpcu}hm lk }`h bllnu

fkm rhelrmu li } h mhb}lr lk }`h icacko mf}h+ Ck lrmhr }l bh f exu}lghr xkmhr UCTF! feafcgfk} ck f UCTF acvxcmf}clk trlehhmcko gxu} `fyh f eafcg }l uhexrc}chu lr efu` exu}lmchm ck f

68 Gr+ @fgghrgfk ckmcef}hm }`f} `cu fttrlyfa li Rhelgghkmf}clku 3 }`rlxo` 62 rhiahe}hmUCIGFu ychw }`f} }`h rhelgghkmf}clku whrh ghfkckoixa rhelgghkmf}clku ilr }`hcgtrlyhghk} li UCTF! bx} whrh trluthe}cyh lkas fkm u`lxam kl} bh xuhm }l ckilrg }`h exrrhk}u}f}h li }`h afw+


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uhexrc}chu feelxk} ck `cu! `hr lr c}u kfgh fkm gxu} `fyh hu}fbacu`hm f rhaf}clku`ct wc}` }`h mhb}lr

fu f uhexrc}chu ckyhu}lr+ ]`xu! xkmhr }`h mhickc}clk li exu}lghr ck UCTF! exu}lghr u}f}xu cu

cgtfr}hm lk thrulku txruxfk} }l }`hcr }rfkufe}clkfa rhaf}clku`ct: brlnhr'ckyhu}lr }rfkufe}clku

frh mcu}ckoxcu`hm irlg }`h lrmckfrs mhb}lr'erhmc}lr rhaf}clku`ctu+69

Elxr}u `fyh `ham }`f} }`h fe}xfa hk}rxu}ghk} li uhexrc}chu lr efu` ck}l }`h tluuhuuclk li fmhb}lr cu f brco`} ackh }hu} }`f} uhtfrf}hu exu}lghr eafcgu irlg faa l}`hr eafcgu+ Fu }`h Ici}`

Ecrexc} u}f}hm ck Ck rh U}fayhs ) Fuuleu+! Cke+! ck }`h fbuhkeh li fe}xfa rhehct}! fevxcuc}clk lr

tluuhuuclk li }`h trlthr}s li f eafcgfk} bs }`h brlnhrfoh icrg xkmhr acvxcmf}clk! f eafcgfk} cu

kl} hk}c}ahm }l exu}lghr trl}he}clk xkmhr UCTF+6? Ilr txrtluhu li exu}lghr u}f}xu xkmhr UCTF!

hk}rxu}ghk} ghfku bl}` }`h }rfkuihr li tluuhuuclk li trlthr}s }l }`h brlnhr! fkm }`f} }`cu }rfkuihr

bh ck } h lrmckfrs elxruh li c}u bxuckhuu fu f brlnhr lr mhfahr+ UCTF ?0aaa2#+ ]`cu

elk}hgtaf}hu f txbace exu}lghr w`l }hkmhru uhexrc}chu ilr }`h txrtluh li `fycko }`hg }rfmhm

bs }`h brlnhr+60

]`xu! f} f gckcgxg! }l vxfacis ilr exu}lghr u}f}xu xkmhr UCTF! eafcgfk}u

gxu} mhglku}rf}h }`f} efu` lr uhexrc}chu whrh hk}rxu}hm }l }`h mhb}lr ilr }`h txrtluh li hiihe}cko

trl}he}hm uhexrc}chu }rfkufe}clku+ Uxe` hk}rxu}ghk} li trlthr}s ilr }`h txrtluh li }rfmcko erhf}hu

}`h brlnhr'exu}lghr icmxecfrs rhaf}clku`ct }`f} cu }`h huuhkeh li exu}lghr u}f}xu xkmhr UCTF+

Elk}rfe}u! Alfku! fkm Hphex}lrs Elk}rfe}u frh Kl} Trl}he}hm bs UCTF

Fu }`h elxr} hptafckhm ckCk rh _hcu Uhexrc}chu! UCTF lkas trl}he}u exu}lghru wc}` fk

xkrhu}rce}hm rco`} }l rhehcyh lk mhgfkm }`huh uceW uhexrc}chu w`ce` bhalko }l }`hg+63 Ilr

hpfgtah! ckCk rh Fmahr Elahgfk Eahfrcko Elrt+! }`h elxr} rhjhe}hm brlnhr'mhfahru f}}hgt}u }l

f}}fck exu}lghr u}f}xu ilr elggcuuclku `ham f} }`h icrg! elkeaxmcko }`f} }`h feelxk} mcm kl}

elk}fck exu}lghr trlthr}s fu mhickhm ck UCTF ?0aaa=#+24 Feelrmckoas! eafcgu ilr irfxm fkm

brhfe` li elk}rfe} frh kl} trl}he}hm bs UCTF+26 Acnhwcuh! ahkmhru22 fkm tfr}chu }l hphex}lrs

elk}rfe}u25 frh kl} trl}he}hm bs UCTF+

69Uhh! h+o+! U}fiilrm y+ Ocmmhku Ck rh Khw ]cghu Uhexrc}chu Uhrycehu! Cke+#! =95 I+5m 628! 6202m Ecr+ 2449#! ec}ckoUHE y+ I+L+ Bfrlii! =3? I+2m 204! 20= 2m Ecr+ 63?=#+

6??84 I+2m =9=! =93 8}` Ecr+ 6308#! vxl}cko UHE y+ Nhkkh}` Blyh ) El+! 5?0 I+Uxtt+ 93?

U+M+K+S+ 63?=#+

60Ck rh @fklyhr Uvxfrh Uheu+! 88 B+R+ 258! 2=4 Bfknr+ U+M+K+S+ 6308#+

63 63?? _A 64=5! f} *= U+M+K+S+ Uht}+ 23! 63??#! vxl}cko@+R+ Rht+ Kl+ 36'6965 63?4#+

24 269 B+R+ ?63! ?2='28 Bfknr U+M+K+S+ 6330#+

26 Uhh! h+o+! Ck rh GY Uheu+! Cke+! =0 B+R+ 689! 694 Bfknr+ U+M+K+S+ 6308# UCTF mlhu kl} trl}he} exu}lghr eafcgu bfuhm lk irfxm lr brhfe` li elk}rfe}+ vxl}cko UHE y+ @lwfrmAfwrhkeh ) El+! Cke+! 6 Bfknr+ E}+ Mhe+ 8??! 8?3 Bfknr+ U+M+K+S+ 63?8##+


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Lkas ckyhu}lru w`l vxfacis fu exu}lghru xkmhr UCTF u`frh ck exu}lghr trlthr}s! }`f}

cu! }`h efu` fkm uhexrc}chu exu}lmchm wc}` }`h brlnhr ilr c}u exu}lghru+ Bs acgc}cko }`h ckyhu}lru

w`l u`frh ck uxe` trlthr}s }l exu}lghru! }`h ck}hrhu} li uxe` ckyhu}lru ck f acgc}hm tlla li

exu}lghr fuuh}u cu kl} mcax}hm bs klk'exu}lghr eafcgu fofcku} c}+ ]`xu! ci }`h mhickc}clk liexu}lghr whrh hptfkmhm! }`h lkas bhkhicecfrchu }l u`frh ck exu}lghr trlthr}s wlxam bh

thrulku wc}` klk'exu}lghr eafcgu fofcku} }`h brlnhr+

22Ck rh Khw ]cghu Uhe+ Uhryu+! Cke+! =95 I+5m f} 623 ]`h trlgcuulrs kl}hu `ham bs ^eafcgfk}uW

+ + + frh jxu} }`h }sth li mhb} cku}rxghk}u w`luh tluuhuuclk brckou eafcgfk}u wc}`ck }`h ef}holrsli xktrl}he}hm ahkmhru+#>Ck rh @fklyhr Uvxfrh Uhe+! 88 B+R+ 258! 250 Bfknr+ U+M+K+S+ 6308#Ahkmhru frh ucgtas kl} f eafuu }l bh uthecfaas trl}he}hm xkmhr UCTF fkm ck ife} whrh hptrhuuashpeaxmhm irlg }`h mhickc}clk li exu}lghr xtlk }`h hkfe}ghk} li }`h 63?0 fghkmghk}u }lUCTF+#+

25Uhh Uhexrc}chu Ckyhu}lr Trl}he}clk Fe} Fghkmghk}u li 63?8: @hfrckou Bhilrh }`h Uxbelgg+lk Elkuxghr Trl}he}clk fkm Ickfkeh li }`h @+ Elgg+ lk Ck}hru}f}h fkm Ilrhcok Elgghreh !3=}` Elko+ 6?6 63?8# elkucmhrcko! bx} kl} hkfe}cko! trltluhm e`fkohu }l }`h u}f}x}lrsmhickc}clk li exu}lghr }l hp}hkm trl}he}clk }l thrulku w`l `fm kl} sh} hk}rxu}hm trlthr}s bx}`ham hphex}lrs elk}rfe}u ilr }`h txre`fuh li uhexrc}chu#+


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Elk}ckxh }l ]rhf} Eafcgu Frcucko irlg Rhtxre`fuh fkm Rhyhruh

Rhtxre`fuh Forhhghk}u fu Ohkhrfa Erhmc}lr Eafcgu

Lyhrychw

Ck rhtxre`fuh rhtl# }rfkufe}clku! f brlnhr'mhfahr! fu lu}hkucbah uhaahr! }rfkuihru }l f

elxk}hrtfr}s! }`h lu}hkucbah bxshr! ehr}fck cmhk}cichm uhexrc}chu }`h Txre`fuhm Uhexrc}chu#!

fofcku} }`h }rfkuihr li ixkmu bs } h bxshr+ Ucgxa}fkhlxuas! }`h tfr}chu forhh }`f} }`h brlnhr'

mhfahr wcaa bxs bfen lr rhtxre`fuh! f} f uthecichm ix}xrh mf}h! }`h ufgh uhexrc}chu ilr }`h ufgh

trceh taxu f ickfkecko e`froh lr Trcecko Rf}h! w`ce` cu icphm mxrcko }`h acih li }`h rhtl

forhhghk}+ Fu ck uhexrc}chu ahkmcko }rfkufe}clku! }`h rhtl bxshr huuhk}cfaas hfrku ck}hrhu} lk }`hefu` }`f} c} }rfkuihrrhm }l }`h uhaahr ilr }`h uhexrc}chu! fkm `fu }`h irhhmlg }l xuh }`h uhexrc}chu ck

c}u bxuckhuu ilaalwcko }`h ckc}cfa txre`fuh xk}ca }`h mf}h li rhtxre`fuh+

Xkacnh }stcefa exu}lghr eafcgu xkmhr UCTF! f eafcg bs f rhtl elxk}hrtfr}s cu kl} uhhncko

}`h rh}xrk li efu` lr uhexrc}chu lk mhtluc} bs } h exu}lghr ilr }rfmcko txrtluhu+ Rf}`hr! ck f

brlnhr'mhfahr acvxcmf}clk! f elxk}hrtfr}s }l fk lthk rhtl lr rhyhruh rhtl }rfkufe}clk li}hk

uhhnu elk}rfe} mfgfohu frcucko irlg }`h brlnhr'mhfahru mhifxa} lk c}u lbacof}clk }l rhuhaa lr

rhtxre`fuh+ ]`h fglxk}u eafcghm ohkhrfaas elkucu} li }`h mciihrhkeh bh}whhk }`h rhtxre`fuh

trceh li }`h Txre`fuhm Uhexrc}chu ckeaxmcko ck}hrhu} mxh xtlk thrilrgfkeh# fkm }`h Icacko Mf}h

yfaxh li }`h Txre`fuhm Uhexrc}chu! taxu fks feerxhm ck}hrhu}+ ]`luh elxk}hrtfr}chu w`l ifcahm }l}fnh tluuhuuclk li }`hcr rhtl elaaf}hrfa gfs eafcg }`h elaaf}hrfa ck }`h acvxcmf}clk+ Ilr hpfgtah!

ci }`h rhtl tfr}cectfk} forhhm }l ahkm }`h brlnhr -6 gcaaclk ck hpe`fkoh ilr uhexrc}chu bx} ahi} }`h

uhexrc}chu lk mhtluc} wc}` }`h brlnhr! }`h elxk}hrtfr}s gco`} eafcg }`h uhexrc}chu ci }`h brlnhrfoh

ifcau+

]`h ilaalwcko ife}lru uh} }`huh }sthu li eafcgu ftfr} irlg }stcefa exu}lghr eafcgu

xkmhr UCTF:

Rhtl }rfkufe}clku frh ck helklgce hiihe} uhexrhm alfk }rfkufe}clku rf}`hr }`fkuhexrc}chu ckyhu}ghk} }rfkufe}clku fu elk}hgtaf}hm bs UCTF>

]`h rhtl elk}rfe} c}uhai cu kl} f uhexrc}s xkmhr UCTF>


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54

Brhfe` li f rhtl forhhghk} ocyhu rcuh }l f elk}rfe} eafcg ilr mfgfohu> fkm ]`h elxk}hrtfr}chu ml kl} hk}rxu} efu` lr uhexrc}chu }l f brlnhr'mhfahr ilr }rfmcko

txrtluhu ul fu }l erhf}h }`h exu}lmcfa ixke}clk }`f} cu huuhk}cfa }l exu}lghr u}f}xu

xkmhr UCTF+2=


]`h ]fun Ilreh rhelgghkmu }`f} eafcgu frcucko lx} li rhtxre`fuh forhhghk}u

fkm rhyhruh rhtxre`fuh forhhghk}u kl} bh }rhf}hm fu exu}lghr eafcgu xkmhr

UCTF+ ]`h ]fun Ilreh `fu kl} fmmrhuuhm `lam'ck'exu}lms rhtxre`fuh

forhhghk}u fkm }fnhu kl tluc}clk lk }`hg+

2= Xkmhr Rxah 68e5'5! f brlnhr'mhfahr cu ohkhrfaas kl} lbacof}hm }l uhorhof}h fks trlthr}s ckelkkhe}clk wc}` rhtl }rfkufe}clku+ Lkh hpeht}clk }l }`cu rxah cu w`hrh }`h }rfkufe}clk cu f rhtl}rfkufe}clk w`hrh }`h brlnhr' mhfahr rh}fcku uhexrc}chu c} `fu }rfkuihrrhm }l }`h bxshr f `lam'ck'

exu}lms lr @CE rhtl#+ Uhh 6? E+I+R+ 2=4+68e5'5b#=#c#M#+ ]`cu Rxah rhvxcrhu }`f} }`hbrlnhr'mhfahr lb}fck }`h rhtxre`fuh forhhghk} ck wrc}cko! fkm elkicrg }`h uhexrc}chu uxbjhe} }l}`h rhtxre`fuh forhhghk} ck wrc}cko+ Uhh 6? E+I+R+ 2=4+68e5'5b#=#c#! ccc#+ Ck f acvxcmf}clkli }`h brlnhr'mhfahr! }`h @CE rhtl elxk}hrtfr}s gfs f}}hgt} }l eafcg }`h uhexrc}chu uxbjhe} }l }`hrhtl+ Ilr hpfgtah! ci }`h elxk}hrtfr}s trlycmhm -6 gcaaclk }l }`h brlnhr'mhfahr ck hpe`fkoh ilr-6+6 gcaaclk li uhexrc}chu ahi} lk mhtluc} wc}` }`h brlnhr'mhfahr! }`h elxk}hrtfr}s gco`} f}}hgt} }leafcg }`h uhexrc}chu ci }`h brlnhr'mhfahr ifcau+# Ucokcicefk}as! }`h brlnhr'mhfahr faul gxu}^fWmycuh }`h elxk}hrtfr}s ck }`h rhtxre`fuh forhhghk} }`f} }`h Uhexrc}chu Ckyhu}lr Trl}he}clkElrtlrf}clk `fu }fnhk }`h tluc}clk }`f} }`h trlycuclku li }`h Uhexrc}chu Ckyhu}lr Trl}he}clk Fe} li63?4 ml kl} trl}he} }`h elxk}hrtfr}s wc}` rhuthe} }l }`h rhtxre`fuh forhhghk}+ 6? E+I+R+ 2=4+68e5'5b#=#c#F#'E#> uhh 6? E+I+R+ 2=4+68e5'5b#=#ccc# utheciscko fmmc}clkfa

rhvxcrhghk}u rhofrmcko }`h rco`} }l uxbu}c}x}h uhexrc}chu uxbjhe} }l }`h forhhghk}#+ ]`h UHEhptafckhm }`f} c} fghkmhm Rxah 68e5'5 fu f rhuxa} li }`h fttfrhk} afen li xkmhru}fkmcko li `lamck exu}lms rhtl elxk}hrtfr}chu li }`hcr rco`}u fkm acfbcac}chu+ Exu}lghr Trl}he}clk Rxah!Hpe`fkoh Fe} Rhahfuh Kl+ 2=??0! 82 Ihm+ Rho+ 54556 Fxo+ 6=! 630?#> uhh faul Uhexrc}chu> Kh}Eftc}fa! Exu}lghr Trl}he}clk! Rhelrmnhhtcko fkm Vxfr}hras Uhexrc}chu Elxk} Rxahu! Hpe`fkohFe} Rhahfuh Kl+ 25942! 86 Ihm+ Rho+ 52980! 52983'94 Uht}+ 68! 6309#+ Uhh ohkhrfaas El`hk y+Frgs Glrfa Uxttlr} Ixkm Gf}}hr li Bhycaa! Brhuahr ) Ue`xagfk Fuuh}#! 9? B+R+ 88? U+M+K+S+6309#+


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Elk}ckxh }l ]rhf} Eafcgu Frcucko irlg Lthk ]BF Elk}rfe}u fu

Ohkhrfa Erhmc}lr Eafcgu

Lyhrychw

]BF elk}rfe}u frh ilrwfrm elk}rfe}u ilr }`h ix}xrh txre`fuh lr ufah li }l bh fkklxkehm

X+U+ fohkes mhb} lbacof}clku+ Ck ]BF elk}rfe}u! }`h tfr}chu trlgcuh }l bxs lr uhaa f} f ix}xrh

mf}h }l bh fkklxkehm glr}ofoh'bfenhm lbacof}clku li X+U+ Fohkechu!28

c+h+! lbacof}clku `fycko

mhickhm e`frfe}hrcu}ceu cuuxcko fohkes! elxtlk rf}h! gf}xrc}s! h}e+# bx} kl} sh} uthecichm fkm

li}hk kl} sh} ck hpcu}hkeh# f} }`h }cgh }`h ]BF elk}rfe} wfu hk}hrhm ck}l bs }`h tfr}chu+ ]BF

elk}rfe}u frh bcaf}hrfa forhhghk}u bh}whhk }`h mhb}lr fkm }`h ]BF eafcgfk}u! fkm frh kl} }rfmhm

lk fks uhexrc}chu lr elgglmc}chu hpe`fkoh lr rhocu}hrhm wc}` }`h UHE+ ]`h rco`}u li }`h tfr}chu}stcefaas frh olyhrkhm bs }`h Gfu}hr Uhexrc}chu Ilrwfrm ]rfkufe}clk Forhhghk} }`h

GUI]F#! fk ckmxu}rs'u}fkmfrm elk}rfe} mhucokhm ilr }rfkufe}clku li }`cu kf}xrh+

]`cu rhulax}clk thr}fcku }l ]BF elk}rfe}u }`f} frh lthk lk }`h icacko mf}h li }`h

acvxcmf}clk trlehhmcko bhefxuh fu li }`f} mf}h! }`h }cgh ilr thrilrgfkeh }`h uh}}ahghk} mf}h#

`fu kl} leexrrhm fkm }`h lbacof}clku li }`h tfr}chu }l txre`fuh lr uhaa rhgfck w`laas

xkthrilrghm+ Bhefxuh kl uhexrc}chu frh uthecichm }l }`h elk}rfe}u fu li }`h icacko mf}h fkm kl

uhexrc}chu lr efu` frh }rfkuihrrhm }l }`h mhb}lr! }`h eafcgu ck }`cu orlxt frh kl}! acnh }stcefa

exu}lghr eafcgu! ilr }`h rh}xrk li efu` lr uhexrc}chu> cku}hfm! }`hs frh elk}rfe} mfgfohu eafcgu

frcucko irlg }`h mhb}lru brhfe` li }`h ]BF elk}rfe}u+ Mfgfohu frh }`h brhfe` rhghms trlycmhmck }`h GUI]F fkm hu}fbacu`hm bs exu}lg fkm xufoh ck }`h ckmxu}rs+

]`h ilaalwcko ife}lru uh} }`huh elk}rfe} mfgfoh eafcgu ftfr} irlg }stcefa exu}lghr

eafcgu xkmhr UCTF! fkm uxttlr} }`h froxghk} }`f} }`hs fe}xfaas frh! f} bhu}! ohkhrfa erhmc}lr

eafcgu:29

]BF eafcgfk}u ml kl} hk}rxu} efu` lr uhexrc}chu }l }`h mhb}lr bx} hpe`fkohtrlgcuhu li ix}xrh thrilrgfkeh>

28 Uxe` lbacof}clku frh cuuxhm! oxfrfk}hhm! lr cuuxhm fkm oxfrfk}hhm bs }`h Ihmhrfa Kf}clkfaGlr}ofoh Elrtlrf}clk! }`h Ihmhrfa @lgh Alfk Glr}ofoh Elrtlrf}clk! lr }`h Olyhrkghk}Kf}clkfa Glr}ofoh Fuulecf}clk+

29CkCk rh Ah`gfk Brl}`hru Cke+! 2466 _A 943049? Bfknr+ U+M+K+S+ Mhe+ 0! 2466#! }`h elxr}

`ham }`f} eafcgu frcucko irlg ]BF elk}rfe}u mcm kl} vxfacis fu exu}lghr eafcgu xkmhr UCTF+


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]`h ]BF elk}rfe} c}uhai cu kl} f uhexrc}s xkmhr UCTF> ]`h rhaf}clku`ct li ]BF eafcgfk}u fkm f mhb}lr cu elk}rfe}xfa! }stcefaas olyhrkhm bs

}`h ckmxu}rs'u}fkmfrm GUI]F! w`ce` mcueafcgu fks icmxecfrs rhaf}clku`ct fkm

elk}fcku l}`hr ihf}xrhu }`f} frh ckelkucu}hk} wc}` UCTF exu}lghr u}f}xu> fkm

Lthk ]BF elk}rfe}u frh hphex}lrs elk}rfe}u! fkm Elkorhuu mheackhm }l fghkm UCTF}l elkucmhr hphex}lrs elk}rfe}u ilr }`h txre`fuh li uhexrc}chu fu }`h uxbjhe} li

exu}lghr eafcgu+


]`h ]fun Ilreh rhelgghkmu }`f} bhefxuh tfr}chu }l f ]BF forhhghk} ghrhas

`lam elk}rfe} rco`}u }l txre`fuh lr uhaa fu sh} xkcmhk}cichm uhexrc}chu lk f ]BFbfucu! }`hs kl} bh mhhghm exu}lghru xkmhr UCTF+


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Elk}ckxh }l ]rhf} Eafcgu Frcucko Irlg Erhmc}u Rhehcyhm Txruxfk} }l Uli}

Mlaafr Frrfkohghk}u fu Ohkhrfa Erhmc}lr Eafcgu

Lyhrychw

]`h }hrg uli} mlaafru rhihru }l frrfkohghk}u ck w`ce` f mcuerh}clkfrs glkhs gfkfohr

rhehcyhu rhuhfre` lr l}`hr uhrycehu irlg f brlnhr'mhfahr ck fmmc}clk }l }rfkufe}clk hphex}clk! fkm

mlhu ul ck hpe`fkoh ilr }`h brlnhrfoh elggcuuclku irlg }rfkufe}clku ilr mcuerh}clkfrs eachk}u/

feelxk}u+ ]`lgfu T+ Ahgnh ) Ohrfam ]+ Acku! Uli} Mlaafru fkm L}`hr ]rfmcko Fe}cyc}chu 6:6

2464#+ F }stcefa hpfgtah li f uli} mlaafr frrfkohghk} cu w`hrh f glkhs gfkfohr rhehcyhu f -6

erhmc} }lwfrmu rhuhfre` lr brlnhrfoh uhrycehu ilr hyhrs -6+94 ck elggcuuclku }`f} }`h brlnhr

rhehcyhu+ Cm+ ]`huh erhmc}u gfs bh xuhm lkas }l tfs ilr rhuhfre` lr brlnhrfoh uhrycehu! fkm

efkkl} bh xuhm fu f erhmc} }lwfrmu }`h txre`fuh li uhexrc}chu+

UCTF cgtfr}u exu}lghr u}f}xu lkas lk ckyhu}lru w`l mhtluc} efu` ilr }`h txrtluh li

txre`fucko uhexrc}chu+ Uhh UCTF ?0aaa2#B#c#+ Bhefxuh uli} mlaafr erhmc}u frh lkas xuhm

}lwfrmu }`h txre`fuh li rhuhfre` lr rhaf}hm uhrycehu! uli} mlaafru ml kl} vxfacis fu exu}lghr

trlthr}s xkmhr UCTF+


]`h ]fun Ilreh rhelgghkmu }`f} erhmc}u rhehcyhm txruxfk} }l uli} mlaafr

frrfkohghk}u kl} bh mhhghm exu}lghr trlthr}s fkm kl} ocyh rcuh }l exu}lghr

eafcgu+


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Elk}ckxh }l ]rhf} Eafcgu ilr Ihhu Hfrkhm ck Elkkhe}clk wc}`

Xkmhrwrc}cko lr L}`hr ]rfkufe}clku Hiihe}hm bs f Uskmcef}h fu Ohkhrfa

Erhmc}lr Eafcgu

Lyhrychw

Brlnhru gfs `lam ihhu hfrkhm bs uskmcef}h ghgbhru ck elkkhe}clk wc}` xkmhrwrc}cko lr

l}`hr }rfkufe}clku hiihe}hm bs f uskmcef}h+ ]`huh ihhu! `lwhyhr! frh kl} tfr} li }`h exu}lgfrs

brlnhr,exu}lghr rhaf}clku`ct! fu }`hs frh kl} `ham ilr }`h txrtluh li ckyhu}ghk} bs exu}lghru+

Feelrmckoas! }`h ihhu ml kl} vxfacis fu exu}lghr trlthr}s xkmhr UCTF+


]`h ]fun Ilreh rhelgghkmu }`f} ihhu hfrkhm ck elkkhe}clk wc}` xkmhrwrc}cko

lr l}`hr }rfkufe}clku hiihe}hm bs f uskmcef}h kl} bh mhhghm exu}lghr trlthr}s

xkmhr UCTF+


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58


U}xms Mcuerhtfkechu Bh}whhk UHE Rxah 68e5'5 fkm Exu}lghr Trlthr}s

Xkmhr UCTF

Lyhrychw

]`h ]fun Ilreh `fu cmhk}cichm! hpfgckhm! fkm mcuexuuhm yfrclxu mcuerhtfkechu }`f} hpcu}

bh}whhk UCTF fkm }`h Exu}lghr Trl}he}clk Rxah Rxah 68e5'5! trlgxaof}hm bs }`h UHE xkmhr

}`h Uhexrc}chu Hpe`fkoh Fe} li 635=! 68 X+U+E+ ?0f h} uhv+ _`h}`hr fkm }l w`f} hp}hk} }`h

mcuerhtfkechu u`lxam bh rhelkecahm! fkm ck w`f} rhuthe}! wcaa rhvxcrh uxbu}fk}cfa u}xms fkm

elkuxa}f}clk bh}whhk UCTE fkm }`h UHE! }fncko ck}l feelxk} }`h u}f}hm elkehrku li ck}hrhu}hm

tfr}chu+ Bhefxuh f }`lrlxo` fkfasucu li }`h rhfulku ilr! fkm }`h tlacechu }`f} xkmhruelrh! }`h

mciihrhkehu! fkm li w`h}`hr fkm }l w`f} hp}hk} }`h mciihrhkehu u`lxam bh rhelkecahm! ci f} faa! cu

bhu} mlkh bs UCTE ck elkehr} wc}` }`h UHE! }`h ]fun Ilreh gfnhu }`h ilaalwcko

rhelgghkmf}clk:


Fa}`lxo` }`hrh frh mcuerhtfkechu bh}whhk UHE Rxah 68e5'5 fkm trlycuclku li

UCTF! }`h mcuerhtfkechu gfs bh khehuufrs+ Bl}` }`h Uhexrc}chu Hpe`fkoh Fe} li635= fkm UCTF u`frh }`h olfa li exu}lghr trl}he}clk! bx} ck ulgh efuhu! }`h

rhoxaf}lrs ixke}clku li }`h UHE gfs elgtha lkh fttrlfe` w`cah }`h acgc}hm

trl}he}clk fiilrmhm xkmhr UCTF gfs rhvxcrh f mciihrhk} fttrlfe`+ ]`h ]fun

Ilreh rhelgghkmu }`f} UCTE! ck elkuxa}f}clk wc}` }`h UHE! }fncko ck}l

feelxk} }`h u}f}hm elkehrku li ck}hrhu}hm tfr}chu! u}xms }`h mcuerhtfkechu

bh}whhk UHE Rxah 68e5'5 fkm UCTF! fkm mh}hrgckh w`h}`hr rhulax}clk li }`huh

mcuerhtfkechu cu fttrltrcf}h! fkm ci ul! }l w`f} hp}hk} fkm ck w`f} gfkkhr+


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59

Rhelgghkmf}clk Kl+ 6=:

Ck}hrkf}clkfa Rhaf}clku:

UCTE }l Fuucu} ck }`h Erhf}clk li fk Ck}hrkf}clkfa Fuulecf}clk

Lyhrychw

Brlnhr'mhfahru ckerhfuckoas `fyh lyhruhfu fiicacf}hu lr uxbucmcfrchu fkm ml bxuckhuu

ferluu }`h oalbh+ Fu uxe`! } h ifcaxrh li f gxa}c'kf}clkfa brlnhrfoh efk `fyh erluu'blrmhr

cgtacef}clku fiihe}cko mlghu}ce fkm ilrhcok exu}lghru+ Ck aco`} li } h rhfac}chu li glmhrk mfs

brlnhr'mhfahr lthrf}clku! }`h ]fun Ilreh cu elkucmhrcko `lw exu}lghru li f gxa}ckf}clkfa brlnhr'

mhfahr gfs bh bh}}hr trl}he}hm bs UCTE fkm w`h}`hr ghgbhru`ct ck fk ck}hrkf}clkfa fuulecf}clk

li ckyhu}lr trl}he}clk hk}c}chu Ck}hrkf}clkfa Fuulecf}clk# wlxam ixr}`hr UCTEu gcuuclk+

]`h ]fun Ilreh `fu hpfgckhm UCTEu tfu} ck}hrkf}clkfa fe}cyc}s fkm }`h erluu'blrmhr

cuuxhu }`f} `fyh frcuhk ck }`h acvxcmf}clk li Ah`gfk Brl}`hru Cke+ fkm c}u rhaf}hm hk}c}chu

Ah`gfk#+ ]`h ]fun Ilreh bhachyhu }`f} ghgbhru`ct ck fk Ck}hrkf}clkfa Fuulecf}clk elxam

fuucu} ck }`h rhulax}clk li }`huh cuuxhu ck ix}xrh gxa}c'kf}clkfa icrg acvxcmf}clku+ Fk Ck}hrkf}clkfa

Fuulecf}clk wlxam erhf}h f ilrxg ilr mcuelxruh fglko c}u ghgbhru fkm elxam trlgl}h

ellthrf}clk fglko uhexrc}chu ckyhu}lr trl}he}clk lrofkczf}clku+


]`h ]fun Ilreh rhelgghkmu }`f} UCTE! ck ellthrf}clk wc}` }`h ck}hrkf}clkfa

ckyhu}lr trl}he}clk elggxkc}s! }fnh f ahfmcko rlah ck }`h erhf}clk li fk

Ck}hrkf}clkfa Fuulecf}clk! trlycmh uxoohu}clku ilr }`h trcgfrs olfau li }`h

Fuulecf}clk! fkm u}xms w`h}`hr }`h Fuulecf}clk u`lxam bh ckmhthkmhk} lr

fiicacf}hm wc}` fk hu}fbacu`hm lrofkczf}clk+

F Brchi @cu}lrs li UCTEu Ck}hrkf}clkfa Hiilr}u

UCTEu `cu}lrs li ck}hrkf}clkfa lx}rhfe` bhofk ck }`h 6334u wc}` f uhrchu li uhgckfrurhofrmcko }`h eftc}fa gfrnh}u }l ilrghr Ulych} rhtxbaceu! fkm }`h hpfgckf}clk bs fk ck}hrkfa

UCTE elggc}}hh li }`h hiihe} li oalbfaczf}clk li }`h uhexrc}chu gfrnh}u lk UCTE+ Uckeh 6333!

UCTE `fu gfmh trhuhk}f}clku }l rhtrhuhk}f}cyhu irlg elxk}rchu ck }`h Hxrlthfk Xkclk! E`ckf!

Host}! fkm Jlrmfk! fu }`hs whrh ck }`h trlehuu li ilrgcko }`hcr rhuthe}cyh kf}clkfa ckyhu}lr

trl}he}clk ue`hghu+ UCTE faul `fu gfmh trhuhk}f}clku }l! fkm jlckhm! }`h Ck}hrkf}clkfa

Lrofkczf}clk li Uhexrc}chu Elggcuuclku CLUEL# fu fk fiicacf}h ghgbhr+


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5?

]`h Ghglrfkmxg li Xkmhru}fkmcko Trlorfg

Rhelokczcko }`h cgtlr}fkeh li ck}hrkf}clkfa ellthrf}clk! UCTE `fu khol}cf}hm fkm ucokhm

Ghglrfkmf li Xkmhru}fkmcko (GlX# wc}` f kxgbhr li c}u ilrhcok elxk}hrtfr}u+ Fa}`lxo` }`hs

frh klk'bckmcko f} afw! }`huh ellthrf}clk forhhghk}u trlycmh ilr fkkxfa ckilrgf}clk hpe`fkohu

fkm f taf}ilrg }l mhfa wc}` }`h ifcaxrh li f ickfkecfa ck}hrghmcfrs }`f} `fu f ill}trck} ck bl}`jxrcumce}clku+

]`h ilaalwcko cu f acu} li UCTEu GlX tfr}khru! fkm }`h shfru }`h forhhghk}u whrh

ucokhm:

Ickfkecfa Uhrycehu Elgthkuf}clk Ue`hgh! Xkc}hm Nckomlg! 244= Efkfmcfk Ckyhu}lr Trl}he}clk Ixkm! 2448 Uhexrc}chu fkm Ix}xrhu Ckyhu}lr Trl}he}clk Ehk}hr! ]fcwfk! 2449 Nlrhf Mhtluc} Ckuxrfkeh Elrtlrf}clk! 244? E`ckf Uhexrc}chu Ckyhu}lr Trl}he}clk Ixkm El+! A}m+! 2443 Host}cfk Ckyhu}lr Trl}he}clk Ixkm! 2443

F Khw Ck}hrkf}clkfa Fuulecf}clk li Ckyhu}lr Trl}he}clk Hk}c}chu

]`h E`ckf Uhexrc}chu Ckyhu}lr Trl}he}clk Ixkm (EUCTI# `fu }fnhk f ahfmhru`ct rlah ck

ck}hrkf}clkfa ellthrf}clk bh}whhk fkm fglko ucgcafr hk}c}chu! fkm `fu glyhm }l ulacmcis }`h }chu

bh}whhk }`hg+ Ck 2443! }`h EUCTI xrohm UCTE fkm }`h Efkfmcfk Ckyhu}lr Trl}he}clk Ixkm }l jlck

wc}` c} }l erhf}h f khw hk}c}s }l mhfa hpeaxucyhas wc}` ckyhu}lr trl}he}clk ck }`h elk}hp} liickfkecfa ck}hrghmcfrs ifcaxrh+ E`fcrgfk E`hk Olkosfk! ilrghr `hfm li }`h EUCTI fkm klw

E`fcrgfk li }`h Uhexrc}chu Fuulecf}clk li E`ckf! rhelgghkmhm }`h cmhf li fk Ck}hrkf}clkfa

Fuulecf}clk }l }`h ]fun Ilreh f} c}u ckc}cfa ghh}cko+

]`h Khhm ilr fk Ck}hrkf}clkfa Fuulecf}clk

]`h acvxcmf}clk li afroh! gxa}ckf}clkfa brlnhru `fu rhvxcrhm uxbu}fk}cfa erluu'blrmhr

ellthrf}clk+ Fk Ck}hrkf}clkfa Fuulecf}clk elxam `hat }l ilroh rhaf}clku`ctu bh}whhk fkm fglko

}`h uhexrc}chu ckyhu}lr trl}he}clk hk}c}chu+ Fk Ck}hrkf}clkfa Fuulecf}clk elxam faul ifecac}f}h }`h

hpe`fkoh li ckilrgf}clk bh}whhk fkm fglko ghgbhru fkm trlycmh fk hu}fbacu`hm e`fkkha ilr

elggxkcef}clk+ ]`cu wlxam faalw ealuhr elaafblrf}clk fglko }`h fiicacf}hm mhb}lru fkm ckyhu}lr

trl}he}clk ue`hghu+ L}`hr hpcu}cko ck}hrkf}clkfa fuulecf}clku! uxe` fu CLUEL fkm }`h

Ck}hrkf}clkfa Ckulayhkes Cku}c}x}h (}`h CCC#! `fyh erhf}hm ghe`fkcugu ilr erluu'blrmhr

ellthrf}clk+ Ilr hpfgtah! ck 2446! }`h CCC fmlt}hm }`h Oxcmhackhu Fttacefbah }l Elxr}'}l'Elxr}

Elggxkcef}clku ck Erluu'Blrmhr Efuhu! w`ce` whrh erhf}hm ck elkjxke}clk wc}` }`h Fghrcefk

Afw Cku}c}x}h+ F glrh }froh}hm uh} li oxcmhackhu ilr ckyhu}lr trl}he}clk hk}c}chu elxam trlyh

`hatixa ck erluu'blrmhr acvxcmf}clku+


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50

]`h Olfau li fk Ck}hrkf}clkfa Fuulecf}clk li Uhexrc}chu Ckyhu}lr Trl}he}clk Hk}c}chu

Fk ck}hrkf}clkfa uhexrc}chu ckyhu}lr trl}he}clk ilrxg elxam wlrn }lwfrmu }`h ilaalwcko

uthecice olfau:

6+

Ifecac}f}h }`h elggxkcef}clk! ellrmckf}clk fkm ellthrf}clk fglko faa uhexrc}chuckyhu}lr trl}he}clk hk}c}chu fkm }rcbxkfau! w`hk fttrltrcf}h>

2+ Trlgl}h ellthrf}clk fglko uhexrc}chu ckyhu}lr trl}he}clk hk}c}chu wc}` rhuthe} }lerluu'blrmhr elgthkuf}clku ilr uhexrc}chu ckyhu}lru>

5+ Trlycmh ilr }`h u`frcko li rhahyfk} ckilrgf}clk fkm mf}f fglko ghgbhru w`hkfttrltrcf}h>

=+ Hptalrh tl}hk}cfa ghe`fkcugu ilr }`h trhuhryf}clk li }`h yfaxh li f mhb}lruwlramwcmh fuuh}u fkm }`h gfpcgczf}clk li rhelyhrs ilr faa uhexrc}chu ckyhu}lru>

8+ Trlgl}h gh}`lmu ilr ellrmckf}clk li fk hiicechk} fkm }rfkutfrhk} eafcgu trlehuu>9+ Trlgl}h mcuexuuclk li elgc}s fglko ckmhthkmhk} jxrcumce}clku>?+ Trlgl}h }`h mhyhaltghk} li uhexrc}chu ckyhu}lr trl}he}clk ck}hrkf}clkfaas> fkm0+ Hptalrh gh}`lmu ilr ck}hrkf}clkfa mcutx}h rhulax}clk ck efuhu ckylaycko erluu'blrmhr

cuuxhu+

Fk Ck}hrkf}clkfa Fuulecf}clk Gfs bh Ckmhthkmhk} lr Fiicacf}hm

Fk Ck}hrkf}clkfa Fuulecf}clk gfs bh fiicacf}hm wc}` fk hpcu}cko ck}hrkf}clkfa uhexrc}chu lr

ckulayhkes fuulecf}clk lr bh f elgtah}has u}fkm'falkh hk}c}s+ @fycko fk fiicacf}clk wc}` fk

hpcu}cko ck}hrkf}clkfa fuulecf}clk! uxe` fu CLUEL lr }`hCCC! elxam bh fmyfk}fohlxubhefxuh hfe`

li }`huh lrofkczf}clku `fu fk ckirfu}rxe}xrh ck tafeh! ckeaxmcko fkkxfa ghh}ckou! f ghe`fkcug ilr

ahfmhru`ct fkm mhecuclk gfncko! fkm hu}fbacu`hm e`fkkhau ilr elggxkcef}clk+ Ck fmmc}clk! } h

rhaf}clku`ctu ilrohm bh}whhk ckyhu}lr trl}he}clk hk}c}chu fkm l}`hr ghgbhru li }`h hpcu}cko

lrofkczf}clku elxam trlyh bhkhicecfa+ Lk }`h l}`hr `fkm! fk Ck}hrkf}clkfa Fuulecf}clk fu f u}fkm'

falkh hk}c}s faalwu elgtah}h ckmhthkmhkeh! fx}lklgs! fkm fx}`lrc}s! fa}`lxo` c} gfs tafeh f

orhf}hr bxrmhk lk }`h ghgbhru }l erhf}h fk ckirfu}rxe}xrh fkm ckerhfuh fmgckcu}rf}cyh mx}chu+


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UCTE }l Elk}ckxh Ckyhu}lr Hmxef}clk Hiilr}u

Lyhrychw

Uckeh 2444! UCTE ckyhu}lr hmxef}clk hiilr}u `fyh ckeaxmhm c# ac}hrf}xrh fkm f whb uc}h ck

ckyhu}lr irchkmas }hrgcklalos> cc# icyh uhtfrf}h txbace uhryceh fkklxkehghk} TUF# efgtfcoku>

fkm ccc# f tfcm gcaaclk'mlaafr fmyhr}cucko efgtfcok+


Uxbjhe} }l UCTEu elkuxa}f}clk wc}` ICKRF fkm }`h UHE! }`h ]fun Ilrehrhelgghkmu }`f}:

6#]`h Blfrm u`lxam elkucmhr }`h ihfucbcac}s li ckeaxmcko tafck'Hkoacu`ckilrgf}clk fblx} UCTE lk brlnhrfoh u}f}hghk}u fkm w`h}`hr c}u

bhkhic}u wlxam lx}whco` c}u elu}u>

2# UCTE rhelgghkm fk ckerhfuh ck }`h fglxk} li ckilrgf}clk }`f}brlnhru frh rhvxcrhm }l ahfrk fblx} UCTE fu tfr} li }`hcr elk}ckxcko

hmxef}clk>

5#UCTE `crh f mhmcef}hm ckyhu}lr hmxef}clk hgtalshh> fkm=#UCTE fun u}f}h rhoxaf}lru }l ckeaxmh ckilrgf}clk fblx} UCTE fu tfr}

li }`hcr lx}rhfe` hiilr}u+

]`h ]fun Ilreh faul rhelgghkmu }`f} UCTE elkmxe} f u}xms! ckeaxmcko

}`rlxo` }`h xuh li ilexu orlxtu! bl}` bhilrh fkm fi}hr cgtahghk}cko }`huh

e`fkohu }l mh}hrgckh ckyhu}lru ahyha li nklwahmoh li UCTE fkm }`h

hiihe}cyhkhuu li }`huh e`fkohu+

6#]`h Blfrm U`lxam Elkucmhr }`h Ihfucbcac}s li Ckeaxmcko Tafck'Hkoacu` Ckilrgf}clk fblx}UCTE lk Brlnhrfoh U}f}hghk}u fkm _`h}`hr C}u Bhkhic}u _lxam Lx}whco` C}u Elu}u

]`h ]fun Ilreh rhelokczhu }`h cgtlr}fkeh li hmxef}cko }`h ckyhu}cko txbace }`rlxo` }`h

ckilrgf}clk trlycmhm bs brlnhr'mhfahru+ ]`xu! ehr}fck ghgbhru li }`h ]fun Ilreh uxoohu}hm

ckeaxmcko ckilrgf}clk lk UCTE trl}he}clk lk }`h ckc}cfa brlnhrfoh u}f}hghk}! w`h}`hr trlycmhm ck

tfthr lr hahe}rlkce ilrg! fkm thrclmcefaas }`hrhfi}hr+ ]`hs hgt`fuczhm }`f} }`h ckilrgf}clk

ckeaxmhm lk }`h brlnhrfoh u}f}hghk} u`lxam bh ucgtah! hfus }l xkmhru}fkm! fkm hsh'ef}e`cko+ Ck


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fmmc

report & recommendations of the sipc modernization task force 2012

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