Problem related to the rooftop drainage systemPonding water can seriously increase the load on a roof assembly. As water accumulates, deck deflections (sags) can increase, resulting in more ponding water which could compromise the structural integrity of the deck. Flat roofs and low slope roofs also face potentially serious condensation problems that can in turn lead to costly rot or mold damage in buildings. The problem comes when fallen trees from the near trees collected and block the water channel trough the drainage.

This will give a potential problem such as surface water flooding or water ponding on the rooftop of the building. Ponding water is defined as the water which remains on a roof 48 hours or more. Most flat roofs require some sort of pitch or slope to avoid ponding water. But unfortunately, ponding water occurs on most flat roofs.The others potential issues that is may contributed due to the water ponding on the surface of the roof is the potential growth of plant on the rooftop drainage. This will abuse the structure of the rooftop and the molds.

Solution for green rooftop drainage1. Flat cast iron grafting drainage channelThe rooftop drainage should be covered with the grafting to avoid the leaves to enter the drainage channel. This flat cast iron grafting is necessary as they provide better filtration of unwanted object that comes along with the water flow such as leaves.

2. Outlet (Holes) Flat graftingThe outlet holes on the drainage that provides the flow toward downwards channel also need to be covered with flat grafting for final filtration before the rainwater flow freely channelled downwards Flat GraftingScale drawing (mm)Product description

Flat gratingcast iron, fits all Spin flatroof drains,External dimensions: 138 mm

3. Recalculate the outlets holes needed for better flowThe outlets holes that provide the channel flow towards downwards drainage should be recalculated whether its need to be add holes for better rainwater flow. This is important to minimizing the possibilities the water to be flood on the rooftop.

Area of the Kompleks Akademik E rooftop : 527.5615m2Total flow rate : Selangor rainfall intensity (0.017) x Area (527.5615m2)

Minimum outlet holes channel is 3 per roof4. Regularly maintenanceThe maintenances of the rooftop drainage should be done regularly. The leaves and unwanted object should not be blocked the drainage channel. The drainage channel should be cleaned up regularly and check the rooftop structure for any damages due to the ponding water.

Neighbourhood Issues at Kompleks Akademik EA goat pen located at the right side of the Kompleks Akademik E building. This goat pen contribute unpleasant odour to the surrounding, Kompleks Akademik E building was also not spared from getting this odour. We can clarify this as the odour pollution toward the environment surrounding. These unpleasant odours can also restrict outdoor activities, limit the opening of windows and generally create an unpleasant environment for Kompleks Akademik. The greater the frequency, intensity, duration and offensiveness of an odour, the greater the impact on the community which is referring to the student as a primary user of this building.

Picture 1: Goat Pen beside Kompleks Akedemik ESolution for odour issues1. Closing the goat penUPM need to find the better place for the goat farm. The place is too near to the faculty building and also the Kompleks Akademik E which is primary user is a student. Closing this farm and move to another place might be the right choice for odour issues.2. Plant a tree around the goat pen.Instead of closing down the goat farm, there is an alternatives ways to distinguish the odour issues related to the goat farm which is planting vegetation could reduce ammonia and particulates that may degrade surrounding air and water quality. Planting just three rows of trees around poultry farms can cut nuisance emissions of dust, ammonia, and odours from poultry houses and aid in reducing neighbour complaints, according to scientists from the University of Delaware. Trees reduce farm house emissions by capturing dust, ammonia and odours in their leaves. They also aid in dispersion of emissions, which reduces the impact on neighbours.Planting trees demonstrates that the farm grower is being proactive to address potential concerns of neighbours which is related to the Kompleks Akademik E, gives the goat pen a landscape appearance and increases property values. Adding the vegetative buffers also helps to reduce noise associated with farm operations.

Landscape issues at Kompleks Akademik EBig trees are planted used in the landscape of the building to provide screening to filter light and direct traffic flow. The management of tree planted need to be consider. For example the tree planted not too near to the building or drainage system as it may contribute to potential issues such as damaging the building or structure caused by the root of the plant or tree. Fallen branches also may also contribute to a factor of a damage infrastructure. Trees are located near utility lines, sidewalks, parking lots, streets, fences, walls or buildings, they will be subjected to abuse from construction and maintenance in these areas.

The circled area is one of evidence that the tree planted near the drainage system. This could possibly subject to abuse from construction and maintenance. A proper management of planted tree for screening the building need to be considered in this area. Solution for Landscaping issues1. Proper management of tree planting for screening and shadesThe only way solve the issues related to the structure abusing is to cut of the abusing roots that damaging the building. When choosing a tree or trees to plant, architecture should give careful consideration to design, in particular how they will fit with their surroundings when they have reached their mature size. Young trees are frequently planted in spaces which are too small to allow them to grow to maturity, and a consequence of this is that they may be disliked as they develop, frequently resulting in heavy pruning or removal. Consequently, it is important to consider the ultimate size of the tree when choosing what and where to plant. Considering the plant rootsWhen planning tree placement, don't forget that roots spread underground. Roots grow toward whatever moisture and oxygen is available and can grow beyond the spread beyond the tree's crown - at times, up to three times the crown's width. Trees with aggressive or large root systems can cause structural damage when planted too close to the Kompleks Akademik E. Roots can also damage patios, driveways, walkways and underground pipes, especially old or brittle pipes and drainage system. So consider the potential spread of the roots when deciding how far from the building. Keep the distance from the buildingDon't choose trees that create a lot of litter, such as trees that drop messy fruit or frequently shed seed pods. Do not plant trees close to the building that can pose a hazard, such as trees that are susceptible to breaking in windy conditions. Limbs that overhang roofs can drop leaves or pine needles that need to be regularly removed, lest they clog gutters, rooftop drainage or damage the roofing material and structure. And the overhanging limbs can provide allow rodents easy access to the roof and possibly the attic. Determining the location for shades treeShade trees are planted in a location where they provide protection from the afternoon sun during summer. This location is usually near the southwest corner of the building. Size is also considered when planting shade or other trees, because they vary in height and spread. Large trees, up to 70 feet or more should be planted at least 20 feet from the building, medium-sized trees up to 70 feet tall, 15 feet from the building, and small trees 30 feet tall or less, 8 to 10 feet from the building.

RefferencesBooks Francis Joseph Patry 1974. Roof Drain Arrangement. United States Patent 3909412 Hammer, Mark J. Water and Waste-Water Technology (1975) John Wiley & Sons ISBN 0-471-34726-4 p.442 Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. (1972). Wastewater Engineering. (New York: McGrawHill.) p.119.Website Trees kill odors and other emissions from poultry farms, accessed on 10 May 2015,http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/newsreleases/2008/august/trees-kill-odors-and-other-emissions-from-poultry-farms.html How Close to My House Can I Plant a Tree?, accessed on 12 May 2015, http://homeguides.sfgate.com/close-house-can-plant-tree-96222.html