VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITYHANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE

FACULTY OF GEOLOGY

Group Do Xuan Tien Nguyen Thị Ngoc Pham Thi Xuan Thuy Nguyen Thi Nhung Nguyen Thi HienClass: k59 International GeologySupervisor: Nguyen Thuy Duong

Content

Introduction to field tripNatural conditions of the Ba Vi and Do Son areaMaterial compositionGeological processGeological resources

Introduction to field trip-The place: Ba Vi and Do son area

-The purpose: How to guide student to write geology diary and note on field book How to describe and define an outcrop How to identify, distinguish igneous rock, sedimentary and metamorphic rock; the formation processes….. How to use geological compass in description of geological formation How to collect sample

Compass

Ruler

GPS in smartphone

hammer

Natural conditions of Do Son and Ba Vi areasI Do Son and Kien An areas

A: Do Son area- About 22 km from Hai Phong city center to

the southeast- Area: 42.37 km2- Topography is mainly low hills with

composition sandstone and shale- Do son is known for a large number of

historial and cultural altraction several beaches beside hill=> Condition for development tourism

- Ba De temple, Ngoc Xuyen mountain, Hon Dau resort, etc are the place to servey

B: Kien An area

- About 10km from Hai Phong city center to the southwest - It is surrounded by the Lach Tray and

Da Do rivers with area about 29.6 km2

- Kien An is the only distric of Hai Phong is blessed with cities, plains, forests

- Voi mountain, Thien Van hill, Mai Nha hill are the place to survey

II Ba Vi areas Ba Vi located northwest of Hanoi with total area of 428 km2- the largest area of Hanoi Border with Son Tay at the East, Southeast near Thach That, South border with Luong Son and Phu Tho is near Ba Vi at the north, West border with Lam Thao, Tam Nong, Thanh Thuy. Ba Vi is an average mountain area with 3 highest peek: Vua (1296m), Tan Vien (1227m) and Ngoc Hoa (1131m). To conclude, Ba Vi is a slope mountain area with average slope is 35 degree or above. There are 2 main river in this area: East – West stream and Northwest – Southeast stream beside a lot of small stream. Ecosystem is abundant, including tropical, sub-tropical animals and plants. Natural forest is covered by many types of various vegetations. There are 2 main seasons in Ba Vi: rain and dry.

Material composition

A: Magma rock

A1 .Extrusive rocks- Extrusive igneous rock form when lava

cools and crystallizes on the Earth’s surface. Characteristics include:

- Fine texture- Small grains- Small crystals- Dark-coloreda Ba Vi national parka1: In the Cactus garden There are basalt, which is weathered strongly

Basalt in the Cactus garden

a2: Entrance to the Thuong temple

-From gate go up 100 meters -Boulder of volcanic rock conglomerate format-Basalt rocks have irons => very solid -Appearing bedrock with high about 7 meter when go up some meter-there are conglomerates of igneous rock with different size-Appearing quartz=> Vien Nam formation

b: Khoang Xanh area

- Many block => feature for mountainous areas

- Magma rocks have different size

- Volcanic breccia rocks=> Vien Nam formation

Volcanic Breccia in KhoangXanh area

In the upstreamIn the downstream

c: Outcrop beside the road

-High about 5m -Basalt is forced slab -Rocks are weathered strongly -Quartz veins through basalt-About 50m from this place, there are shale with thin layer=> Ban Diet formation

A2: Intrusive rocks

Form below the Earth’s surface and cool slowly. - Course texture - Large grains - Large crystals - Light-colored

In the Quyt village, Yen Bai ward belonging Ba Vi complex +There are intrusive rock with black or green black => mafic or ultramafic +Fibrous silicate mineral belonging amphibole group +Vascular hydrothermal magmatic eruption +Appearing Asbestos; quartz

Rock in Quyt village

Asbestos

B: Metamorphic rocks-In Hon Che area, we found marble in the limestone mountain-Process metamorphism from limestone to marble-Marble have bright white, yellow=> Na Vang formation

Temperature pressure high

-Some area, there are sandstone-quartzite: Ngoc Xuyen Mountain, the road come back from Mai Nha hill( near Tay Son pagoda), Voi mountain => May be in the future, there will be metamorphic rocks in here

Clastic sedimentary rock sandston

e

siltstone

shale

Non clastic sedimentary

rocklimestone

laterite

Sedimentary rock

brecciaSENDIMENTARY ROCK

BRECCIA White and milk-white

color  large angular

fragments :1cm-5cm Hon Che, Na Vang

Formation Composition : canxite

CONGLOMERATE b/ Gò Ma Chay: Rounded clasts, size 4-10 cm, poor sorted, The space between the clasts is filled with smaller particles that binds the rock together.( red-yellow color AND loose grain because of extremely weathering)

Xóm quýt

SANDSTONE, SILTSTONE , SHALE

SANDSTONE, SILTSTONE AND SHALE Ba De temple : ( Van Canh Formation)

Siltstone, shale and sandstone layers build up the out crop

Grain : fineColor : alternated layer in red –

brown ( siltstone, sandstone) and blue- grey ( shale)

The outcrop of boundary between Van Canh and Van Huong at Xom Che

Alternated thin layers of sandstone, siltstone, shale

Mainly is sandstone and siltstone

Color :red – brown and blue – grey

Sorted : well-sort ( above) and poorer- sorted ( lower layer )

Hard rock ( lower) and softer rock ( above)

SANDSTONE, SILTSTONE, SHALE

Kien An Formation

Sandstone and siltstone mainly

Orange – brown or yellow- white color because of weathering

Silky, loose , easy to separate ( effect by weathering )

SANDSTONE, SILTSTONE AND SHALEYen Ba(Ban Diet

Formation) Black shale ;sandstone, calcareous shale

containing coal matter

Light grey, thin-bedded cherty shale

Quatzite

CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCK ( BIOLOGICAL) In the field trip, Chemical sedimentary rock is formed when minerals, dissolved in water, begin to precipitate out of solution and deposit at the base of the water body. Ex: limestone, dolomite …

CHEMICAL ( BIOLOGICAL) SEDIMENTARY ROCKoCon Voi Mountain

oTrang Kenh Limestone interbedded

with thin-bedded dolomitic limestonesilicified limestone

above, Higher altitude , finer –

grain, harder rock, more rate of silicate but smoother terrain : karst, rugged rocks

CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCK

Hon Che ( Na Vang Formation ) Limestone: light – yellow or white, milk-white colour

Composition : canxite ( react to acid)

Small Crystal on the surface

CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKSLaterite : red- brick color

Holes : solution Fe-oxidesWhen dry solid like brick

Laterite in xa Binh Yen

BIOLOGICAL SENDIMENTARY ROCKS

peat Black color Loose grain

sedimentary weathering in the

top layer soil

FOSSILSCon Voi MountainNui Che

Do Son Resort

ENDOGENOUS PROCESSESThere are three main types of endogenous process in our journey:

Magmatic activitiesTectonic activitiesMetamorphism

MAGMATIC ACTIVITIESVolcanism is the eruption of magma into the surface of the Earth.

It is an endogenic process caused by the movement of plate tectonics.

MAGMATIC ACTIVITIESThe evidences confirm Ba Vi had volcanic eruption event before are:

Rock layer contains 2 layers with agglomerate on top and bedrock on bottom (fig.1)

Fig 1. rock layer in Ba Vi

MAGMATIC ACTIVITIESThe hydrothermal in bedrock in Ba Vi (fig 2)

The agglomerate in Khoang Xanh (fig 4)

Fig 2. hydrothermal in bedrock in Ba Vi

Fig 4. agglomerate in Khoang Xanh

TECTONIC ACTIVITIES Tectonic activities include 3 types:Faults are fracture in bedrock along with sliding has taken place. There are 3 types of faults: normal faults, reverse faults and strike-slip faults.

A joint is a break (fracture) of natural origin in the continuity of either a layer or body of rock

Folds are bends or wave like features in layered rock. Two basic fold geometries are common - anticlines and synclines.

TECTONIC ACTIVITIES: FAULTS In Con Voi mountain, we observed the vertical fault. By the tectonic activities, Con Voi mountain are lowered while terrigenous deposit are lifted (fig 5)

In Hon Dau resort, we observed the fault system including 3 faults: 2 normal faults and 1 reverse fault(fig 6)

Fig 6. fault system in Hon Dau resort

Fig 5. Con Voi mountain and terrigenous deposit

TECTONIC ACTIVITIES: JOINTS In Khoang Xanh, fracture system are determined (fig)

Fig . Fracture sys tem in Khoang Xanh

TECTONIC ACTIVITIES: FOLDS In Hon Dau resort, both two basic folds – anticline and syncline appeared (fig 6)

Fig 6. Folds in Hon Dau resort

METAMORPHISM Metamorphism change in the

structure of a rock due to natural condition such as pressure and heat, especially when the rock becomes harder and more completely crystalline.

The metamorphism occurs in Hon Che. Limestone crystalline in marble (fig 7)

Fig 7. Limestone crystalline in marble

EXOGENOUS GEOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES a, Weathering: physical and chemical change in rocks at Earth’s surface by reaction of water, air, wind, animal, plants,….

It does not involve the removal of rock material. In our trip we observed : physical, chemical, biological weathering processes.

Physical weathering: the rocks are broken down into smaller pieces, but the chemical composition of the rock remains the same.

Wave- eroded cobbles and boulders at platform close to the Ba De temple

Fracture of rock at Van Huong

In Khoang xanh, rocks are rounded by reaction of flow water

Chemical weathering involves the alteration of the chemical and mineralogical composition of the weathered material.

oxidation

hydrolysis

hydration

solution.Chemical weatherin

g processes

Chemical weathering decay rock

Soil

Weathering crust

Oxidation - iron cation react with O2 usually dissolved in H2O.rock gets oxidized, it is weakened and crumbles easy to break down. Weathering crust is product of this process,brownish red color (contain Fe-oxide)

Laterite weathering crust at Thach That dictrict

Laterite is a surface formation that is enriched in iron and aluminum. Laterite forms in hot, wet tropical areas, it develops by intensive and long-lasting weathering of the underlying parent rockLaterite is usually brick-red color, dries to brick-like texture.

soil

Soil + laterite

laterite

Bed rock

An example of chemical weathering is water dissolving limestone in Con Voi mountain.CO2 + H2O ---- > H2CO3H2CO3 + CaCO3 ---- > Ca(HCO3)2

Karst in Con Voi mountain

Rugger rock cause by reaction of rain in limestone

Ground water forms Kart landscape in Hon Che. The feature are cave, rough and rugged,…

Biological weathering: involves the disintegration of rock and mineral due to the chemical and/or physical agents of an organism.

Organic acids attack minerals by: Plant roots, Fungi, Lichens, Bacteria

Biological weathering by reaction of plant and moss decay rock at Bavi mountain

Animal attack rocks ịn Doson beach

b, geological activity of rivers: River in mountain areas: In Khoang Xanh, flow is characterized fast, short, steep, and narrow with waterfall.

Erosion is main process that occur in this part, carry out sediment and fragment.

Stream at Khoang Xanh, Suối Tiên

River in midland areas: Đà River is dominated by Erosion and deposition processes,

flows more slowly and its channels erode wider than river in upper course.

Erosiondeposition

Rock head on Da river bank form

River in delta areas: In the middle reaches where a river flows over flatter land, 

meanders may form through erosion of the river banks and deposition on the inside of bends.  Sometimes the river will cut off a loop, shortening the channel and forming an oxbow lake

A river with a low gradient and low erosive energy.

Đa Độ river

c, geological marine activitiesThere are 3 geological activities occur due to the sea wave: transportation, erosion, and deposition.

deposition Erosion

P.g Sea cliff behind Bà Đế Temple

Wave Erosion: Runoff, streams, and rivers carry sediment to the oceans. The sediment in ocean water acts like sandpaper. Over time, they erode the shore. The bigger the waves are and the more sediment they carry, the more erosion they cause.Wave erosion cause sea cliff and shoreline.

Deposition: Waves will spread the sediments along the coastline to create a beach. Waves also erode sediments from cliffs and shorelines and transport them onto beaches

Diagonal bedding due to activies of direct flow in the past, in Van Huong and Do Son beach.

MINERALS -LIMESTONE AND MARBLE exposed in both Ba Vi and Do Son. Limastone is the main

buiding material beside some apllication. At Ba Vi, Hon Che mountain contain mostly limestone and

being used to serving buiding material

LIMESTONE Mostly appearence in Kien An Limestone is main source to produce cements Structure of black limestone is hardness .it used to serving

buiding material,,,

Con Voi mountain contain great amount of limestone but this area still being preseved.

QUARZITE Occurence in Do Son-Kien An it used to serving buiding because it is hardness Shale is product of weathering and main resource produced brick

Quarzite in Van Huong

LATERITE Laterite is biochemical sedimentary. Product of weathering process and disslove anion. In province Binh yen , human used to bulding house and

other activities. Laterite is very cheap.In the future ,we can found out the

way to enhance cost.

CULTURAL HERITAGE- BA DE TEMPLE Ba De temple is one of spiritual destinations. Human built

temple on hill . Marine geological activities altered shape.

MINERAL -AMIANG hydrothermal circuit go up following fractures.Amiang

formed by this process. It is very reliable and undistroy. It is very virulent and used the most in the industry with

chemical composition.

CULTURAL HERITAGE-CON VOI MOUNTAIN Con voi mountain in An Lao district is tourist attractions. Here is famous relic and contains many cultural

values.Beside, it is special cultural of coastal residents. The system caves has stalagmite and other shape.

CULTURAL HERITAGE-HON DAU RESORT Both the travel service and history of our life. Famous location in Hai phong province.

CULTURAL HERITAGE-BA VI NATIONAL PARK Has natural condition specially ,topography,climate.... This location is one of four ecotourism destinations in our

country. Destination of wild and rare animals.Here is biodiversity

conservation of Ba Vi.

CULTURAL HERITAGE- BA VI MOUNTAINS Mountain land and limestone is wide distribution in Ba Vi

district The result of tectonic movements appear occrured the Late

Triassic End. Archeology was show history of nation.

CULTURAL HERITAGE- HON CHE Materpiece of natural formed by

geological activities. Che mountians be like outcrop on

background. Limestone occured permian.it make

different with other location. Hon che is legend of Son Tinh and

Thuy Tinh. It is one of part of Ha Long

CULTURAL HERITAGE- CHONG STONE AREA Vertical blocking basalt rocks of the Vien Nam formation

at Da Chong area. Has aesthetic value by geological activities of Da river.

CULTURAL HERITAGE-KHOANG XANH,SUOI TIEN Tourist attractions by

geological activities of streams ,weathering process and fracture systems. It make a good chance for people closed to nature.

The travel survice bring significant economic value.