RENEWING THE STRUGGLE

Chapter 18

RESULTS OF THE RESULTS OF THE MEXICAN WAR?MEXICAN WAR?RESULTS OF THE RESULTS OF THE MEXICAN WAR?MEXICAN WAR?1. The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and

13,000+American lives (mostly of disease).

2. New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)

3. These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.

4. Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.

5. Manifest Destiny partially realized.

1. The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+American lives (mostly of disease).

2. New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)

3. These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.

4. Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.

5. Manifest Destiny partially realized.

FREE SOIL PARTYFREE SOIL PARTYFREE SOIL PARTYFREE SOIL PARTYFree Soil! Free Speech! Free Labor! Free Men!

Free Soil! Free Speech! Free Labor! Free Men! “Barnburners” – discontented

northern Democrats.

Anti-slave members of the Liberty and Whig Parties.

Opposition to the extension of slavery in the new territories!

“Barnburners” – discontented northern Democrats.

Anti-slave members of the Liberty and Whig Parties.

Opposition to the extension of slavery in the new territories!

WHY?WHY?

THE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL THE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION RESULTSELECTION RESULTSTHE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL THE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION RESULTSELECTION RESULTS

√

GOLD!GOLD! AT SUTTER’S MILL, AT SUTTER’S MILL, 18481848GOLD!GOLD! AT SUTTER’S MILL, AT SUTTER’S MILL, 18481848

John A. Sutter John A. Sutter

Mining Mining CentersCentersMining Mining CentersCentersVirginia City

Comstock Lode

ProspectingProspectingProspectingProspecting

Placer mining

Quartz mining

TWO VIEWS OF SAN FRANCISCO, TWO VIEWS OF SAN FRANCISCO, EARLY 1850SEARLY 1850STWO VIEWS OF SAN FRANCISCO, TWO VIEWS OF SAN FRANCISCO, EARLY 1850SEARLY 1850S

By 1860, almost 300,000people had traveled theOregon & CaliforniaTrails to the Pacificcoast.

By 1860, almost 300,000people had traveled theOregon & CaliforniaTrails to the Pacificcoast.

MISSOURI COMP

Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo•Mexico ceded the Mexican Mexico ceded the Mexican

Cession to U.S.Cession to U.S.•Rio Grande River boundary Rio Grande River boundary

between U.S. and Mexicobetween U.S. and Mexico•U.S. paid Mexico $15 million U.S. paid Mexico $15 million

Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo•Mexico ceded the Mexican Mexico ceded the Mexican

Cession to U.S.Cession to U.S.•Rio Grande River boundary Rio Grande River boundary

between U.S. and Mexicobetween U.S. and Mexico•U.S. paid Mexico $15 million U.S. paid Mexico $15 million

TERRITORIAL GROWTH TO TERRITORIAL GROWTH TO 18531853TERRITORIAL GROWTH TO TERRITORIAL GROWTH TO 18531853

MAP EXPANSION

Most intense debate in U.S. Most intense debate in U.S. HistoryHistory

•John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun•North should honor the Constitution and enforce the Fugitive Slave Law•South wanted California•threatened to secede from U.S.•U.S. should have two Presidents---one from the North and one for the South

COMP OF 1850

•Daniel WebsterDaniel Webster•Secession is impractical & impossible•How would we split the land? •The military?•Compromise at all cost•Preserve the Union

•Henry ClayHenry Clay•The Great Compromiser, with

John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster and Stephen Douglas, propose

this compromise.

Compromise of 1850

California admitted As a free state

New Fugitive Slave Act passed

Slave trade abolished In D.C.

Popular sovereigntyTo determine slaveryIssue in Utah & New Mexicoterritories

Texas borderDispute w/ New MexicoResolved Texas Receives $10 mill.

•U.S. Senator from the state of U.S. Senator from the state of IllinoisIllinois

•Solve the slavery issue was Solve the slavery issue was through through Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty

•let the people in each territory let the people in each territory decide through the process of decide through the process of voting whether they want slavery voting whether they want slavery or not.or not.

•Along with Henry Clay, Daniel Along with Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun Webster and John C. Calhoun they proposed the they proposed the Compromise Compromise of 1850of 1850

•Calif. A free stateCalif. A free state

•enforce Fugitive Slave Lawenforce Fugitive Slave Law

•Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty

•stop slave trade in Washington, stop slave trade in Washington, D.C.D.C.

MAP COMP OF 1850

Popular Popular SovereigntySovereignty

Allow the people in a territory to vote on whether

they want slavery to exist or not in their

state.

ABOLITIONISTS RESPOND

Denounced by Abolitionists

Harriet Beecher Stowe’s, Uncle Tom’s

Cabin is published

Abolitionists refuse to enforce the law

Underground Railroad becomes more active

RESPONSE BY ABOLITIONISTSRESPONSE BY ABOLITIONISTS“An immoral law makes it a man’s duty to break it, at every hazard. For

virtue is the very self of every man. It is therefore a principle of law that an immoral contract is void, and that an immoral statute is void. The Fugitive

Slave Law is a statute which enacts the crime of kidnapping, a crime on one footing with arson and murder. A man’s right to liberty is as

inalienable as his right to life……” Ralph Waldo EmersonRalph Waldo Emerson

“3 millions of the American people are crushed under the American Union! The government gives them no protection– the government is their enemy, the government keeps them in chains! The Union which grinds them to the

dust rests upon us, and with them we will struggle to overthrow it! The Constitution which subjects them to hopeless bondage is one that we

cannot swear to support. Our motto is, ‘No Union with Slaveholders’….We separate from them, to clear our skirts of innocent blood….and to hasten

the downfall of slavery in America, and throughout the world!” William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison

SOUTHERNERS SOUTHERNERS RESPONDRESPOND

Southerners Southerners threatened secession threatened secession

and warand warBelieved it should be Believed it should be enforced because the enforced because the Constitution protects Constitution protects property and Federal property and Federal law is over State law.law is over State law.

55thth Amendment AmendmentSupremacy ClauseSupremacy Clause

Fugitive Slave Act

EffectsCreated open hostility toward slavery in the North

Caused many to openly disobey the law

More violence erupted over the issue of slavery

Increased the activity of the Underground Railroad

•Build a transcontinental Build a transcontinental connecting California to the connecting California to the East Coast either in the East Coast either in the South or NorthSouth or North

•Stephen Douglas wanted Stephen Douglas wanted the railroad built in the North the railroad built in the North but had to convince the but had to convince the South otherwise.South otherwise.

•Proposed a plan that Proposed a plan that Kansas and Nebraska Kansas and Nebraska territories be opened up to territories be opened up to slavery in return for building slavery in return for building the railroad in the North.the railroad in the North.

•Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty