By

Chemist / Eid korany Owner and technical manager of Taba company for Chemical

Industries and cleaning products

Abstract

● There are many environmental benefits of using palm oleochemicals based products .

● They are renewable resources , biodegradable and low toxicity to humans .

● About 80% of all palm oil products is used for food applications , while the other 20% is used in non-food applications .

● Non-food applications are classified into two categories :

- The oil used directly to produce products ( soap production).

- The oil used indirectly by proceeding them to oleochemicals which using to produce products include cleaning products , emulsifiers and cosmetics (shampoo,lotion and skin care).

This presentation will discuss

some examples for oleo-

surfactant derivatives

Oleochemicals ● Palm oil and palm kernel oil is regarded as

renewable resource which can be grown again ,in contrast to petroleum whose occurrence is limited and finite.

● Oleochemical are chemicals derived from oil and fat .

● They are analogues to petrochemicals which are chemicals derived from petroleum.

Oleochemicals

● The hydrolysis or alcoholysis of oils and fat

formed the basis of oleochemicals industry.

● The five basics oleochemicals are fatty acids , fatty methyl esters, fatty alcohol, fatty nitrogen compound and glycerin.

Basic Oleochemicals

Fatty acids and glycerin :

● Hydrolysis of oil and fat into fatty acids and glycerin can be considered the most basic of oleochemical processes.

● The vegetables oils and fat undergoes a high pressure and high temperature hydrolysis process to split the oil and fat molecules into fatty acids and glycerin.

The chemistry of the splitting of oil and fat is summarized as below:

Methyl Ester

● The majority of methyl esters can be

produced either by catalytic

transesterification of oils and fats or by

esterification of fatty acids with methanol.

Fatty Alcohol

● Hydrogenation of distilled or fractionated

methyl ester at high temperature and

pressure in the presence of catalyst to

produce crude fatty alcohol.

● Distillation to produce distilled fatty alcohol.

Fatty Nitrogen Compounds

● The most common fatty nitrogen compounds are fatty amides, amines and quaternary ammonium compounds .

● The most important of these compounds is quaternary ammonium compounds colloquially known as ĄĽquatsĄŚ which is used in softeners.

Glycerin

● Glycerin is a valuable co-product of the

oleochemicals industry.

● It has many applications such as in

pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industry.

Oleochemical Applications 1) Personal Cares and Cosmetics 2) Soaps 3) Candles 4) Pharmaceuticals 5) Lubricants and Grease 6) Surfactants 7) Industrial Chemicals 8) Agrochemicals 9) Coatings 10) Paints and Lacquers 11) Electronics 12) Leather 13) Food

Personal Cares and Cosmetics Personal Cares: ● Hair Shampoos and conditioners ● Shower gels, shower cream, shower foam ● Toners ● Cleansers ● Moisturizer ● Toothpaste ● Mouthwashes ● Deodorants ● Baby care ● Perfumes and Fragrances

Cosmetics

● Lotions ● Creams ● Foundations ● Compacts powders ● Eye make-up ● Lipsticks ● Hair dyes

Properties of palm-based oleochemicals for cosmetic products.

• Emollient effects : Makes the skin soft and supple. • Moisturisation : Provides moisturizing action to the

skin. • Surfactant : Has cleansing property, facilities

removal of oil or dirt particles from hair of the skin. • Easy Emulsification : Prevents separation of water

and oil phases in skincare emulsion products. • Mineral oil replacer : Palm oil derivatives can

replace mineral oil which is non-biodegradable and derived from petroleum.

Properties of palm-based oleochemicals for cosmetic products. • Viscocity modifier : Influences the viscocity of the

finished products i.e cosmetic lotion

• Solvent carrier: Vitamins can be incorporated using suitable solvents for certain benefits

• Conditioning agent: Conditions the hair in a shampoo

• Refatting agent: Restores the natural oil on our body, which has been removed through applying a body shampoo or shower gel

• Antioxidants (Vitamin E): Provides a natural source of free radical scavengers that are useful for the treatment of aging or sun-exposed skin.

Soaps ● Sodium Soap ĄV Toilet Soap, Laundry Soap ● Potassium Soap - Liquid soap ● Metallic Soap- animal feed

Candles ● Decorative candles ● Lighting purposes ● Warming purposes

Pharmaceuticals ● Ointment ● Emulsion ● Gel ● Creams ● Culture media

Lubricants and Grease, ● Food grade lubricants ● Lubricants ● Greases ● Food grade purposes ● Multi-purpose greases

Food ● Emulsifier and specialty fat for cakes, pastries, margarine ● Ice-cream and other food products ● Cocoa butter substitute ● Filled condensed milk

Industrial Chemicals ● Industrial cleaners-hospitals, bottles cleaning ● Textiles processing aids ● Petroleum explorations-drilling fluids, drilling mud ● Polymer processing aids-plasticizer, stabilizer, additives

Agrochemicals ● As a solvents ● As a emulsifier ● As a carrier

Surfactants ● Cleaning powder ● Hair conditioner ● Fabric softener

Surfactant ● Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension

between two liquid or between a liquid and a solid.

● Surfactant are classified into four groups:

1 - An ionic surfactant ( Alkyl benzene sulfonate and

Sodium lauryl sulfate).

2 - Non ionic surfactant (Fatty alcohol - Alkyl polyglycosides).

3 - Cationic surfactant (quaternary ammonium compounds).

4 - Amphoteric surfactant (Alkyl betain).

Surfactant ● Many companies are using palm and palm kernel

oil to produce raw materials for surfactant and active washing substances in laundry detergents.

● At 2013 world wide production of palm oil was 58 millions tonnes and for palm kernel oil was 4 millions tonnes.

● Henkel company use about 0.2% of the palm and palm kernel oil produced world wide for surfactant production.

Surfactant

● Dow company produce surfactant

group named Ecosense surfactant which derived from palm and palm kernel oils .

● Palm and palm kernel oil must be

sustainably cultivated sources.

Surfactant

An example of palm and palm kernel derivatives is :

Alkyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride

● It is a liquid cationic surfactant whose solubility is improved by the presence of a hydroxyl group in its structure.

● It is detergency booster for use in all

laundry detergent powder and liquid for clothes washing in household industrial and intuitional areas.

Surfactant

Synergy

versatility

Green product

performance ● Small amount of ADHAC increase the

performance of laundry detergents ,dishwashing detergents and cleaners.

● ADHAC is successfully used in Heavy duty detergents (HDP) formulations , hard surface cleaner supporting claims such as “improved cleaning effect for greasy/fatty soil , good foaming profile , color care effect on fabric, improvement of soil removal and anti redeposition effect”.

An example of ADHAC components is

praepagen HY from clariant company which is a typical cationic surfactant with formal positive charge on quaternary ammonium compound.

Conclusion

Palm oleochemicals are :- ● Renewable resources. ● Environmental friendly. ● Used for food and non food applications. ● Used by many companies to produce many

types of surfactant.