Renewable Energy (Wave Energy) West Coast Vancouver Island

CK Kim, Gregg Verutes, Doug Denu

Making the Case

• There is harvestable energy in the world’s oceans.

INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE

180 W 135

W 90

W 45

W 0

45

E 90

E 135

E 180

E

45 S

0

45 N

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Solar Wind Wave Tide

Power Density (kW/m, kW/m2)

• High power density

• Continuous and predictable power

Wave Power (kW/m)

Some WEC Devices

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Attenuator Point Absorber

Oscillating

Wave Surge Converter

Oscillating Water Column

Overtopping Device Submerged Pressure Differential

WEC Device Maturity

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(EPRI, 2005)

WEC Device Maturity

Rate

Length (m)

Width (m)

Avg. Power (kW)

WEC Type

Pelamis 1 120 4.6 153 Attenuator

OWC - Terminator 2 25 35 259 OWC

Wave Dragon 2 150 260 1369 Overtopping

Wave Swing 2 9.5 9.5 351 Point Abs

AquaBuOY 3 6 6 17 Point Abs

WaveBob 3 15 15 131 Point Abs

Offshore OWC 3 32 32 532 OWC

Wave Dog 3 5.4 5.4 16 Point Abs

About the Model

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orbital

velocity

sin wave

velocity ~ height

About the Model

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sin wave

motion ~ energy

Renewable Energy: Waves

Supply

Potential available

Service

Delivered to people

Value

Economic & social impacts

• Captured Wave Energy

• Renewable electricity to grid + avoided emissions

• Wave Power

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Wave Energy Model (WEM)

• To map and value wave energy resources

• To examine potential trade-offs

• To help decision-makers understand where best to install a WEC facility

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WEM Inputs

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Inputs

Sea state wave height, period

Device operation performance, limitations

Outputs

Energy produced

Value of energy

Economic values Cost of device, electricity, maintenance, accessibility of grid

Performance and Parameters

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• xxxx

Machine Performance

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Wave H

eig

ht

(m

)

Wave Period (s)

Wave H

eig

ht

(m

)

Wave Period (s)

Pelamis OWC

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

SF-Shallow SF-Deep CA-HMB Portugal Ireland

An

nu

al

En

erg

y O

utp

ut

(MW

h/y

ea

r/d

evi

ce)

Th

ou

san

ds

Location

Pelamis-EPRI

OWC-Energetech

Wave Watch III (WW3)

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National Weather Service, NOAA

Model ID Grid Size

[min.] Extent/Region Year

GLO30m 30 x 30

(54 x 54km) Global Ocean 2005-2010

WC4m 4x4

(7 x 7km) US west coast and Hawaiian islands

2005-2010

EC4m 4x4

(7 x 7km) US east coast and Puerto Rico

2005-2010

Economic Valuation

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T

t

t

tt iCBNPV1

)1)((

NPV = Net Present Value ($)

T = 25-year period

Bt = Benefits

Ct = C & M Costs

i = Discount rate, 5%

Economic Valuation

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Sea State Conditions

NPV =

Benefits minus Costs Machine

Type

Wave Power (Potential)

• Performance • Limitations

Captured Wave Energy

x Price of Electricity

• Setup • Maintenance

Cable Costs • Distance to

Landing Pts. • Distance to Grid

Connection Pts.

: Power Grid Connection Pts.

: Cable Landing Pts.

: Wave Watch III Grid Pts.

Economic Valuation

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39.5 km

38.0 km

9.1 km

Limitations and Simplifications

1. Captured wave energy indicates the yearly averaged energy absorbed per WEC device.

2. With no commercial-scale wave energy facilities implemented to date, obtaining accurate cost data is a challenge.

3. The distance measure from a WEC facility to an underwater cable landing point is based on Euclidean metric and does not recognize any landmass within two target points.

4. The quality of wave input data determines the accuracy of model results. – Default wave input data are more appropriate for global

and regional scale applications

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Tradeoff Analysis

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0 - 1.5

1.5 - 3.0

3.0 - 4.5

4.5 - 6.0

6.0 - 7.5

NPV ($ mil)

COM_SAL_TRCommercial Fishery - Salmon troll & net - Crab and Shrimp

REC_FISHRecreational Fishery - Salmon - Ground fish

: Power Grid Connection Pt.

: Cable Landing Pt.

Kim et al. (PLOS One 2012)

Running the Sample Data

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InVEST 3.0

• Launch through ‘Start’ menu

• Independent of ArcGIS

• Faster

• More user-friendly

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Study Site

Validation

• British Columbia Marine Conservation Atlas

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Economic Inputs

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Overlap Analysis

• Areas of positive NPV

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Fishing Activities

• Importance Scores

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Net Value of Commercial Fishing

• Cool Colored Areas = Less Value

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Kim et al. (PLOS One 2012)

Compatibility Analysis

~1 = most compatible

• xxx

INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE

Kim et al. (PLOS One 2012)