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An Introduction ppt

- Saurabh Mehta

Renewable Energy Technologies in Power Renewable Energy Technologies in Power GenerationGeneration

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Introduction

Wind Energy

Solar Energy

Contents

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Introduction

Wind Energy

Solar Energy

Contents

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Introduction Renewable Energy – “any sustainable energy source that comes from

natural environment.”

Some Aspects of Renewable Energy

It exists perpetually and in abundant in the environment

Ready to be harnessed, inexhaustible

It is a clean alternative to fossil fuels

“energy that is derived from natural process that are replenished

constantly” -- defined by the RENEWABLE ENERGY WORKING PARTY of

the INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Introduction Contribution of Renewable Energy in World Electricity Production

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Introduction Major Renewable Energy Sources

Hydro Energy Wind Energy Solar Energy Biomass Energy Tidal Energy Geothermal Energy Wave Energy Bio-fuel Bagasse

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Present Installed Capacity of Renewable Energy Sources in India

Renewable Energy Source Present Installed Capacity

Wind 10200 MW

Small Hydro 2100 MW

Bagasse 750 MW

Biomass 620 MW

Solar 2 MW

Total RE Installed Capacity – 13672 MWSource: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy Sources (MNRE)

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IntroductionSolar Panels Wind Turbine Generators

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Introduction

Wind Energy

Solar Energy

Contents

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Wind Energy - Technology Differential heating of the earth’s surface

and atmosphere induces vertical and horizontal air currents that are affected by the earth’s rotation and contours of the land and generates WIND.

A wind turbine obtains its power input by converting the force of the wind into a torque (turning force) acting on the rotor blades.

The amount of energy which the wind transfers to the rotor depends on the density of the air, the rotor area, and the wind speed.

PLF of Wind Farm is normally in the range of 20 % to 30% depending upon the site conditions and WTG rating. P Power

ρ Air Density (kg/m3)

A Blade Area -turbine (m2)

V Wind velocity (m/s)

P = 0.5 X ρ X A X V3

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Major Components of Wind TurbineWind Energy - Technology

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Wind Energy – Present Scenario Wind Power – Fastest growing renewable

energy source Globally, it grew at the average rate of 27

% pa over the past 10 years. While in India it grew at the average rate of

33% over the past 9 years. Presently, India is ranked 4th in the world

in terms of Wind Energy Installed Capacity

Drivers of growth Environmental Awareness and

Sustainable Development Growing Global Energy Demand Improving Competitiveness of

renewable energy Security of Supply Concerns New Markets (e.g. India, China etc) Carbon Trading Fiscal Benefits by Govt. (PTC, feed in

tariffs, etc)

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Introduction

Wind Energy

Solar Energy

Contents

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Solar Energy - Technology

Solar power is by far the Earth's most available energy source, easily capable of providing

many times the total current energy demand.

Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity. Two main commercial ways of conversion of sunlight into electricity.

Concentrating Solar Thermal Plant (CSP) Photovoltaic Plants (PV)

CSP and PV both have their markets. PV is very successful in decentralized applications,

whereas CSP offers advantages for central and large-scale applications. CSP power

plants are the most cost-efficient way to generate and to store dispatch able CO2-free

electricity. However, there is no competition between both. Rather, they have to be seen as

complementary technologies.

PLF of CSP – In the range of 20 % to 30 %

PLF of PV – In the range of 15 % to 20 %

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Solar Energy - Technology Concentrating Solar Thermal Plant

(CSP)

It contains; Collector Field Turbine Generator Cooling Tower Transformer

Courtesy: ESP Solar

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Solar Photovoltaic Plants (PV) It contains;

Solar Arrays Inverter Transformer

Solar Energy - Technology

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Solar Energy - Technology In both CSP and PV technologies, solar resources plays major role. Maps are available to calculate solar resource of a particular region. However, for both CSP

and PV technologies different solar radiations are taken into account. Basically two types of solar radiations are there;

Global Horizontal irradiations (GHI) Direct Normal Irradiation (DNI)

For PV technologies GHI is considered. GHI consists of diffuse radiations and direct horizontal radiations (beam). Minimum GHI – 1000 kwh/m2 pa For CSP, DNI is considered. DNI is the amount of radiation received by a surface which is permanently aligned perpendicular to the incoming beam. Minimum DNI – 1900 kwh/m2 pa

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A typical DNI irradiation Map for India which is used to find a feasible site for CSP Plant.

A typical GHI irradiation Map for India which is used to find a

feasible site for PV Plant.

Solar Energy - Technology

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Solar Energy – Current Scenario The total installed capacity of solar

power (Both CSP and PV) as of 2008

is 2826 MW.

In India the total installed capacity of

solar power is around 2 MW.

In India, various government and

private players have entered into

CSP and PV markets.

MNRE has set a target to establish at

least 50 MW of solar projects during

the 11th plan.

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