renewable energy in the netherlands august 2015 · renewable energy as a fraction of final energy...

$: Renewable Energy in The Netherlands August 2015 · Renewable energy as a fraction of final energy consumption peaked at 7.6% on august 23rd, while the fraction of renewable power$
Renewable Energy in The Netherlands August 2015

Dr. Martien Visser

Professor Energy Transition & Network Integration

Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen

Partner of the Energy Academy Europe

E-mail: [email protected]

This analyses contains information of various sources and own analyses, including various estimates.

Readers are encouraged to add, to improve the quality of the information provided.

Aug-15 Page 2

The fraction of renewable energy in The Netherlands was 6.3%.

Electricity production by wind was 20% lower than in August 2014, although wind

capacity increased by 20% y-o-y.

Average utilization of wind capacity was (just) 17% and of solar-PV, it was 16%

Coal usage in Dutch power generation increased by 40% y-o-y.

Dutch CO2 emissions increased by 2% compared to August 2014.

The fraction renewable power was 9.9%, down from 11.6% in August 2014.

For each month in 2015, both the production of renewable energy and the emission of

CO2 have increased in the Netherlands.

August 2015

In a Nutshell

Aug-15 Page 3

• August 2015 data

• Monthly profiles

• Monthly data

• Hourly data

• Miscellaneous

Content

Aug-15 Page 4

SELECTED ENERGY DATA FROM AUGUST 2015

Aug-15 Page 5

Final Energy Demand

August 2015

Energy is used for many different purposes. In August 2015, the most

important applications were gas and various forms of transport. Renewables

are given by comparison.

Aug-15 Page 6

15.112.6 11.5

8.7

5.64.1 4.0 2.9 2.5

0

5

10

15

20

Gas** Road Transport* Shipping*Power Feedstock* Industry*Aviation* Coal** Ren-Energy*

August 2015TWh

Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, etc.., own analyses

*estimated

**excl. gas&coal-to-power

Final Energy Demand

August 2015 (vs 2014)

In August 2015, energy used for feedstock has been estimated to be

significantly lower than in 2014.

Aug-15 Page 7

-1.1

1.1

0.1

0.0

-2.4

-0.2

0.1 0.0 0.2

-3.0-2.0-1.00.01.02.03.04.0

Gas** Road Transport* Shipping*Power Feedstock* Industry*Aviation* Coal** Ren-Energy*

August 2015 versus August 2014TWh

Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, own analyses

*estimated

**excl. gas&coal-to-power

CO2 Emissions

August 2015

The national CO2 emissions for August 2015, excluding power imports, feedstock and international

shipping & aviation, are estimated at 11.8 Mton. This is 2% higher than in August 2014. The main CO2

contributions come from the power sector and road transport.

Aug-15 Page 8

2.73.5 3.2 3.4

1.61.1 1.1 1.0

0.0

0.6

0112233445

Mton CO2 August 2015

*do not contribute to the national CO2 target

** excl. gas & coal to power

Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, RIVM,

CE-Delft, own analyses

This summer, the second 800 MW unit of the RWE coal-fired power station at

Eemshaven came online. The growth of wind and solar-PV capacity continued.

Power Generation Capacity August 2015

Aug-15 Page 9

13728

7365

3250

644 1325 492

0

4000

8000

12000

16000

20000

Gas Coal Wind Biomass* Solar Nuclear

Sources: TenneT, GTS, CBS, KNMI, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, Windstats, own analyses

MW August 2015

Power Supplies

August 2015

In August 2015, power consumption was 8.7 TWh, the same as last year. Most power has

been generated by coal-fired power stations. In August 2015, the average contribution from

renewables to the power system was 9.9%, compared to 11.6% in August 2014.

Aug-15 Page 10

1.96

3.82

0.37

0.14 0.37 0.37

1.43

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

NatGas Coal Wind Solar-PV Biomass Nuclear Net imports

Sources: TenneT, GTS, CBS, KNMI, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, own analyses

TWh August 2015

CO2 from Power Generation

August 2015

The CO2 emissions from imports are given for comparison, as these emissions do not

contribute to the National Dutch CO2 emission level. In August 2015, 85% of the CO2

emissions from the power sector came from coal-fired power stations.

Aug-15 Page 11

0.5

2.7

0 0 0 0

0.9

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

natgas coal wind solar biomass nuclear imports

Sources: TenneT, GTS, CBS, KNMI, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, own analyses

Mton

CO2

August 2015

SELECTED MONTHLY PROFILES

(using daily data)

Aug-15 Page 12

Daily power demand shows a week-weekend pattern. Daily gas demand

(excluding gas demand for power) from industry has a similar pattern. In

summer, little gas is used for the heating market.

Gas and Power Demand August 2015

Aug-15 Page 13

0100200300400500600700800900

1000

1-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug

Power Gas*

August 2015GWh

Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, etc.. own analyses *excluding gas-to-power

Coal-fired power stations showed a week-weekend pattern. Gas-fired generation used,

is typically must-run capacity (e.g. cogeneration) and necessary to balance the system.

Conventional Power Production August 2015

Aug-15 Page 14

0

50

100

150

200

250

300


Coal Gas Nuclear

August 2015GWh

Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, Windstats, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc., own analyses

August 2015 had little wind. Hence, although there was a significant increase in installed

capacity, less wind energy production decreased by 22% compared to August 2014.

1 GWh is sufficient to provide power for a year to 300 households.

Wind and Solar Power Production August 2015

Aug-15 Page 15

05

101520253035404550


Wind Solar-PV

August 2015GWh

Sources: TenneT, Windstats, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses

Renewable energy as a fraction of final energy consumption peaked at 7.6% on august

23rd , while the fraction of renewable power peaked to 18.9% that day.

Contribution of Renewable Energy August 2015

Aug-15 Page 16

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%


Ren%Power Ren%Final

August 2015

Sources: CBS, GTS, TenneT, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc.., own analyses

SELECTED MONTHLY ENERGY DATA

Aug-15 Page 17

For the first time this year, gas demand, excluding gas-to-power, was slightly lower

than the same month in 2014.

Gas Demand (excluding gas-to-power)

2015 (and 2014)

Aug-15 Page 18

05

1015202530354045

Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses

2015 (2014)TWh

Due to lower production from the Groningen gas field and declining gas production

from the North Sea, Dutch gas production in 2015 is considerable lower than in 2014.

10 TWh gas is sufficient to supply heat to all houses in Amsterdam for two years

Gas Production 2015 (and 2014)

Aug-15 Page 19

0102030405060708090

Sources: GTS, own analyses

2015 (2014)TWh

Power demand in August was the same as last year.

Power Demand 2015 (and 2014)

Aug-15 Page 20

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Sources: TenneT, CBS, own analyses

2015 (2014)TWh

Wind power production is very volatile. Wind production in august 2015 was 22%

lower that a year ago, although wind capacity increased by 20% y-o-y.. In August

2015, the average utilization of wind capacity was just 16%.

Wind Production 2015 (and 2014)

Aug-15 Page 21

0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9

Sources: CertiQ, KNMI, own analyses

2015 (2014)TWh

In August 2015, electricity production by Solar PV in The Netherlands was slightly less

than the record level s in June and July. The average utilization rate of solar-PV

capacity was 15% in August.

Solar PV Production 2015 (and 2014)

Aug-15 Page 22

0.000.020.040.060.080.100.120.140.160.18

Sources: PolderPV.nl, CertiQ, Klimaatmonitor, KNMI, own analyses

2015 (2014)TWh

Coal utilization for power generation is structurally about 35% higher in 2015 compared to

2014. In August, the average utilization rate of coal-fired power stations in the Netherlands

has been calculated at 72%. This percentage includes the effects of maintenance.

Excluding maintenance, the utilization rate of coal-fired power has been 78%.

Coal-to-Power 2015 (and 2014)

Aug-15 Page 23

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5


2015 (2014)TWh

In August 2015, power production by gas-fired power stations and cogeneration was

less decreased compared to July 2015. In August, the average utilization rate of gas-

fired capacity was 20%. This percentage includes maintenance and mothballed

installations.

Gas to Power 2015 (and 2014)

Aug-15 Page 24

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses

2015 (2014)TWh

On average, LNG imports in 2015 increased by 200% compared to 2014. This figure

depicts the amount of LNG injected into the gas grid, as presented by GTS. The figure

excludes therefore the usage of LNG as transport fuel

LNG imports 2015 (and 2014)

July--15 Page 25

0.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.8


2015 (2014)TWh

Renewable Energy All Sources

2015 (and 2014)

The data show that in 2015, the renewable energy in The Netherlands was higher in

any month so far. The average increase is 16% y-o-y.

Aug-15 Page 26

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0


2015 (2014)TWh

Despite higher production of renewable energy, the percentage of renewable

energy is slightly lower than previous year, due to a higher energy usage.

Renewable Energy Percentage 2015 (and 2014)

Aug-15 Page 27

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%


2015 (2014)

National CO2 emissions from the Netherland s are consistently higher than in 2014, mainly due high

utilization of coal for Dutch power production.

CO2 Emissions 2015 (and 2014)

Aug-15 Page 28

02468

101214161820

Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, CE-Delft, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses

2015 (2014)Mton

SELECTED HOURLY ENERGY DATA

Aug-15 Page 29

In August 2015, substantial gas volumes were used to fill gas storages, depicted as

negative values in the figure. This month, hardly any LNG was injected into the grid.

Gas Supply August 2015

Aug-15 Page 30

-60000

-40000

-20000

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000


Natural Gas Supply August 2015

Storages Gas import LNG Terminals Production

MWh


In August, gas demand in The Netherlands peaked to 38000 MW. During summer, gas

consumption is mainly by industry.

Gas Demand Including Gas-to-Power

August 2015

Aug-15 Page 31

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000


Gas Demand August 2015

Industry Distribution

MWh


Gas Imports & Exports August 2015

In August 2015, Dutch gas imports were 6 TWh higher than Dutch gas exports. This is the

third month in 2015 that the Netherlands was a net importing country (on a monthly basis)

Aug-15 Page 32

-60000

-40000

-20000

0

20000

40000

60000


August 2015

Gas export Gas import

MWh


Power Imports & Exports August 2015

In August 2015, power imports were much higher than power exports.. Typically, the

Netherlands imported about 3000 MW of power, while it exported about 1000 MW.

Aug-15 Page 33

-4000-3000-2000-1000

01000200030004000500060007000


August 2015

Power import Power export

MWh

Sources: TenneT, own analyses

In The Netherlands, summers are characterized by a low availability of wind.

August 2015 has been no exception to this rule, with a utilization rate of the

available wind capacity of 3250 MW by just 17%.

Wind Power August 2015

Aug-15 Page 34

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000


Wind Power August 2015MWh

Sources: CertiQ, KNMI, etc., own analyses

In August Solar-PV the amount of Solar-PV has been 140 GWh. The utilization rate of

the solar PV installed was 16%.

Solar PV Power August 2015

Aug-15 Page 35

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900


Solar Power August 2015MWh

Sources: PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses

The following set of slides presents for each month

in 2015 the hourly contributions of various energy

sources to total power consumption in The

Netherlands.

Aug-15 Page 36

Power Generation January 2015

In the week of 20-24 January, power generation peaked, due to the net exports that

occurred. The majority of the additional power generation has been generated by gas-

fired installations.

-20000

2000400060008000

100001200014000160001800020000

1-Jan 8-Jan 15-Jan 22-Jan 29-Jan

Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas

MW January 2015

sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added

Aug-15 Page 37

Power Generation February 2015

Like in January, low wind availability coincided with net exports of power.

-20000

2000400060008000

100001200014000160001800020000

1-Feb 8-Feb 15-Feb 22-Feb


MW February 2015


Aug-15 Page 38

Power Generation March 2015

Relatively low imports of power occurred in March. On several Saturdays, some net exports were recorded.

-20000

2000400060008000

100001200014000160001800020000

1-Mar 8-Mar 15-Mar 22-Mar 29-Mar


MW March 2015


Aug-15 Page 39

Power Generation April 2015

Relatively low imports of power occurred in April. On several occasions, mainly on Saturdays, net exports were recorded. April showed several

days with high coal-fired generation, while gas-fired generation was low.

Aug-15 Page 40

-20000

2000400060008000

100001200014000160001800020000

1-Apr 8-Apr 15-Apr 22-Apr 29-Apr


MW April 2015


Power Generation May 2015

In May, high net imports and high coal utilization squeezed gas-fired power generation.

Aug-15 Page 41

-20000

2000400060008000

100001200014000160001800020000

1-May 8-May 15-May 22-May 29-May


MW May 2015


Power Generation June 2015

In June, high net imports and high coal utilization squeezed out gas-fired power generation.

Aug-15 Page 42

-20000

2000400060008000

100001200014000160001800020000

1-Jun 8-Jun 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun


MW June 2015


Power Generation July2015

In July, imports were more moderate than in June; consequently, although coal utilization remained high, more gas-fired power generation was

registered than in June.

Aug-15 Page 43

-20000

2000400060008000

100001200014000160001800020000

1-Jul 8-Jul 15-Jul 22-Jul 29-Jul


MW July 2015


Power Generation August 2015

In August, there were a lot of power imports and consequently, not much gas-fired power generation was used.

Aug-15 Page 44

-20000

2000400060008000

100001200014000160001800020000



MW August 2015


The following set of slides presents for each week in

2015 the hourly contributions of wind and solar-PV

to the total power consumption in The Netherlands.

Aug-15 Page 45

Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2015

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

5-Jan 6-Jan 7-Jan 8-Jan 9-Jan 10-Jan 11-Jan

Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Sources: TenneT, CertiQ,, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc.., own analyses

Aug-15 Page 46


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000


Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc.., own analyses

Aug-15 Page 47


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000


Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc., own analyses

Aug-15 Page 48


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

26-Jan 27-Jan 28-Jan 29-Jan 30-Jan 31-Jan 1-Feb

Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015


Aug-15 Page 49


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

2-Feb 3-Feb 4-Feb 5-Feb 6-Feb 7-Feb 8-Feb

Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, KNMI, PolderPV.nl, etc., own analyses

Aug-15 Page 50


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000


Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, KNMI, PolderPV.nl, etc., own analyses

Aug-15 Page 51


0

20004000

60008000

1000012000

1400016000

1800020000


Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015


Aug-15 Page 52


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

23-Feb 24-Feb 25-Feb 26-Feb 27-Feb 28-Feb 1-Mar

Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015


MWh 201

Aug-15 Page 53


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

2-Mar 3-Mar 4-Mar 5-Mar 6-Mar 7-Mar 8-Mar

Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses

Aug-15 Page 54


0

20004000

60008000

1000012000

14000

16000

18000

20000


Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015


Aug-15 Page 55


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000


Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015


Aug-15 Page 56


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000


Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015


Aug-15 Page 57


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

30-Mar 31-Mar 1-Apr 2-Apr 3-Apr 4-Apr 5-Apr

Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015


Aug-15 Page 58


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

6-Apr 7-Apr 8-Apr 9-Apr 10-Apr 11-Apr 12-Apr

Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015


Aug-15 Page 59


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000


Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015


Aug-15 Page 60


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000


Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015


Aug-15 Page 61


Aug-15 Page 62

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

27-Apr 28-Apr 29-Apr 30-Apr 1-May 2-May 3-May

Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015



Aug-15 Page 63

0

20004000

60008000

1000012000

1400016000

1800020000

4-May 5-May 6-May 7-May 8-May 9-May 10-May

Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015



Aug-15 Page 64

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000


Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015



Aug-15 Page 65

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000


Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015



Aug-15 Page 66

0

20004000

60008000

1000012000

1400016000

18000

20000


Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015



Aug-15 Page 67

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

1-Jun 2-Jun 3-Jun 4-Jun 5-Jun 6-Jun 7-Jun

Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015



Aug-15 Page 68

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000


Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015



Aug-15 Page 69

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000


Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015



Aug-15 Page 70

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000


Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015



Aug-15 Page 71

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

29-Jun 30-Jun 1-Jul 2-Jul 3-Jul 4-Jul 5-Jul

Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015



Aug-15 Page 72

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

6-Jul 7-Jul 8-Jul 9-Jul 10-Jul 11-Jul 12-Jul

Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015



Aug-15 Page 73

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000


Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015



Aug-15 Page 74

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000


Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015



Aug-15 Page 75

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

27-Jul 28-Jul 29-Jul 30-Jul 31-Jul 1-Aug 2-Aug

Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015



Aug-15 Page 76

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

3-Aug 4-Aug 5-Aug 6-Aug 7-Aug 8-Aug 9-Aug

Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015



Aug-15 Page 77

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000


Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015



Aug-15 Page 78

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000


Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015



Aug-15 Page 79

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000


Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015


MISCELLANEOUS

Aug-15 Page 80

In Augusts 2015, the average daily effective temperature (temperature including wind

shield factor) was about 15 oC. For comparison, the same temperatures of August 2014

are presented at the background.

Effective Temperature August 2015

Aug-15 Page 81

0

5

10

15

20

25


August 2015 (2014)

Sources: KNMI, own analyses

oC

Characteristic CO2 emissions used in this presentation.

Fuel Specific CO2 Emissions

204

279 341

450

298396

798

0100200300400500600700800900

g/kWh

Sources: CE-Delft, own analysesPower Generation

Fuels

Aug-15 Page 82

This presentation is based on numerous sources which present data on energy

demand and supply in The Netherlands. These data, however, do not cover the

entire energy system. Some approximations and scaling factors were thus

needed. The author would like to thank students from Hanze University of

Applied Science in Groningen and various energy experts in The Netherlands

which gave suggestions for improvements of the methods used. Currently, the

aggregated results of this work are in good agreement with data supplied by the

Dutch National Office of Statistics (CBS). It is believed by the author that the

detailed results in this presentation give a fair presentation of the complex

reality of the Dutch energy system.

Nevertheless, the author invites readers to comment on the data provided with

the objective to further improve this work. After all, good and reliable data are

at the heart of any successful policy to make our world more sustainable.

Epilogue [email protected]

Aug-15 Page 83

renewable energy in the netherlands august 2015 · renewable energy as a fraction of final energy...

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