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Renaissance and Reformation
Renaissance and Reformation
Chapter 13Chapter 13
Bell RingerBell Ringer
• Set-up Notebook for New Section– Chapter 13: Renaissance, Reformation,
and Scientific Revolution– Update Table of Contents
• Set-up Notebook for New Section– Chapter 13: Renaissance, Reformation,
and Scientific Revolution– Update Table of Contents
The RenaissanceThe Renaissance• The word renaissance means rebirth
– Secular and urban• They spent a lot of time recovering from previous
disasters (plague, Crusades, etc.)• They developed a high regard for human worth
– “Men can do all things if they will”• Leonardo da Vinci: a painter, architect, inventor and
mathematician
• The word renaissance means rebirth– Secular and urban
• They spent a lot of time recovering from previous disasters (plague, Crusades, etc.)
• They developed a high regard for human worth– “Men can do all things if they will”
• Leonardo da Vinci: a painter, architect, inventor and mathematician
The RenaissanceThe Renaissance• Niccolò Machiavelli
wrote The Prince– Acquire and keep
power– Rejected the idea
that a prince should follow ethics and morals because humans, by nature are self-centered
• Niccolò Machiavelli wrote The Prince
– Acquire and keep power
– Rejected the idea that a prince should follow ethics and morals because humans, by nature are self-centered
The RenaissanceThe Renaissance• Baldassare Castiglone
– The Book of Courtier • described the
perfect characteristics of a Renaissance Nobility.
• Baldassare Castiglone – The Book of
Courtier • described the
perfect characteristics of a Renaissance Nobility.
The Intellectual and Artistic RenaissanceThe Intellectual and Artistic Renaissance
• Humanism: the study of Greek and Roman classics
– Studied grammar, rhetoric, poetry, philosophy and history
– Create complete, moral citizens– Petrarch: father of the Italian Renaissance
Humanism• Rejected scholastic philosophy
• Humanism: the study of Greek and Roman classics
– Studied grammar, rhetoric, poetry, philosophy and history
– Create complete, moral citizens– Petrarch: father of the Italian Renaissance
Humanism• Rejected scholastic philosophy
Humanist ThinkersHumanist Thinkers• Sir Thomas More
– Christian Humanist– Advocated Women
and Education– Utopia
• Story of a fictional island society
• Demonstrated a more perfect society
• Sir Thomas More– Christian Humanist– Advocated Women
and Education– Utopia
• Story of a fictional island society
• Demonstrated a more perfect society
Chapter 13 VocabularyChapter 13 Vocabulary• Humanism• Fresco • Renaissance• Indulgences• Protestant• Calvinism• Peace of Augsburg• Individualism
• Humanism• Fresco • Renaissance• Indulgences• Protestant• Calvinism• Peace of Augsburg• Individualism
• Realism• Excommunication • Jesuits• Anabaptist• Lutheranism• Anglican • Act of Supremacy• Relics
• Realism• Excommunication • Jesuits• Anabaptist• Lutheranism• Anglican • Act of Supremacy• Relics
Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art
Chapter 13Chapter 13
Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art
• Renaissance artists sought to imitate life and nature in their works (REALISM)
– Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo
– Most art was religious or portraits… paid for my rich people and the church
• Renaissance artists sought to imitate life and nature in their works (REALISM)
– Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo
– Most art was religious or portraits… paid for my rich people and the church
Renaissance Art Renaissance Art • Fresco, painting with wet plaster and
water based paint, was one technique• Used by Da Vinci in The Last Supper
• Fresco, painting with wet plaster and water based paint, was one technique
• Used by Da Vinci in The Last Supper
Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art
• Individualism: more focus on individuals than God (portraits)
• Realism: realistic and emotions• Antiquity (Greek/Rome Inspired):
statues and architecture
• Individualism: more focus on individuals than God (portraits)
• Realism: realistic and emotions• Antiquity (Greek/Rome Inspired):
statues and architecture
• Mona Lisa– Example of
individualism and realism
• Mona Lisa– Example of
individualism and realism
The Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation
Chapter 13Chapter 13
The Protestant ReformationThe Protestant Reformation
• The Protestant Reformation split the Church into Catholic and Protestant groups
– Started with Christian humanism• Wanted to reform the Catholic Church
• The Protestant Reformation split the Church into Catholic and Protestant groups
– Started with Christian humanism• Wanted to reform the Catholic Church
The Protestant ReformationThe Protestant Reformation• Christian humanists believed
• Everyone should read the Bible• To change society first change the
members of society– Erasmus believed that Christianity should
show people how to be good people• The external things, pilgrimages, fasts,
and relics, were not important
• Christian humanists believed• Everyone should read the Bible• To change society first change the
members of society– Erasmus believed that Christianity should
show people how to be good people• The external things, pilgrimages, fasts,
and relics, were not important
The Protestant ReformationThe Protestant Reformation• Complaints against the church:
– Church too concerned with money• Indulgences: release of sins for money• Relics• Pilgrimages
– Corruption of church officials– Breaking of Vows
• Children out of wedlock• Affairs with women
• Complaints against the church:– Church too concerned with money
• Indulgences: release of sins for money• Relics• Pilgrimages
– Corruption of church officials– Breaking of Vows
• Children out of wedlock• Affairs with women
The Protestant ReformationThe Protestant Reformation• Martin Luther
– Questioned the idea of indulgences
– Taught that …• salvation came from the heart
of an individual• People should read the Bible
for themselves• Only faith could save people
• Martin Luther – Questioned the idea of
indulgences– Taught that …
• salvation came from the heart of an individual
• People should read the Bible for themselves
• Only faith could save people
The Protestant ReformationThe Protestant Reformation• October 31, 1517 Luther
sent Ninety-Five Theses to his church superiors
– 95 complaints he had against the church.• Attacked
– Indulgences– Chasity– Lack of
Vernacular Bible
• October 31, 1517 Luther sent Ninety-Five Theses to his church superiors
– 95 complaints he had against the church.• Attacked
– Indulgences– Chasity– Lack of
Vernacular Bible
The Protestant ReformationThe Protestant Reformation• Luther was excommunicated, 1521• Luther was summoned to court as a heretic
– Refused to recant
• Luther goes into hiding– Prints the Bible in German– Becomes popular with the people
• Lutheranism=new religion
– Christianity splits into two
• Luther was excommunicated, 1521• Luther was summoned to court as a heretic
– Refused to recant
• Luther goes into hiding– Prints the Bible in German– Becomes popular with the people
• Lutheranism=new religion
– Christianity splits into two
Protestantism SpreadsProtestantism Spreads
Chapter 13Chapter 13
The Spread of Protestantism and the Catholic Response
The Spread of Protestantism and the Catholic Response
• John Calvin and Calvinism– The Institutes of the Christian Religions– Luther and Calvin will agree on most
things, except predestination. • Anabaptist
• Baptism should be done as an adult• Any male could be the leader of the church• Bible was a literal work
• John Calvin and Calvinism– The Institutes of the Christian Religions– Luther and Calvin will agree on most
things, except predestination. • Anabaptist
• Baptism should be done as an adult• Any male could be the leader of the church• Bible was a literal work
The Wives of Henry VIIIThe Wives of Henry VIII
The Wives of Henry VIIIThe Wives of Henry VIII
Anne BoleynKatherine Howard
Katherine Parr
Anne of ClevesJane Seymour Catherine of Aragon
Anglican ReformationAnglican Reformation
• Rooted in Politics and Not Religion
– Wanted a divorce from Catherine
– Wanted a male heir– Pope refused
annulment
• Rooted in Politics and Not Religion
– Wanted a divorce from Catherine
– Wanted a male heir– Pope refused
annulment
• Henry VIII and the Act of Supremacy
• Edward VI, son• Mary I, eldest daughter
– Attempted to restore Catholicism
• Elizabeth I, youngest daughter
– Brought Protestantism back to England
• Henry VIII and the Act of Supremacy
• Edward VI, son• Mary I, eldest daughter
– Attempted to restore Catholicism
• Elizabeth I, youngest daughter
– Brought Protestantism back to England
Catholic ReformationCatholic Reformation
• Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
– Ignatius Loyola – Educate and bring
the Gospel to the people
– Ended corruption
• Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
– Ignatius Loyola – Educate and bring
the Gospel to the people
– Ended corruption
• Council of Trent– Faith and Good
Deeds– Clear Teachings– Unified Belief
• Council of Trent– Faith and Good
Deeds– Clear Teachings– Unified Belief
Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution
Chapter 13Chapter 13
Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution
• Changing how we view the universe– Nicolaus Copernicus: heliocentric
universe (sun-centered)– Johannes Kepler: oval-shaped orbit
(ellipse)– Galileo Galilei: claimed the earth moves
and the planets were imperfect.
• Changing how we view the universe– Nicolaus Copernicus: heliocentric
universe (sun-centered)– Johannes Kepler: oval-shaped orbit
(ellipse)– Galileo Galilei: claimed the earth moves
and the planets were imperfect.
Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution
• Scientific Method– Frances Bacon: experimentation and
observation– Rene Descartes: human reasoning and
search for true knowledge– Both challenged the Medieval
Scholarship
• Scientific Method– Frances Bacon: experimentation and
observation– Rene Descartes: human reasoning and
search for true knowledge– Both challenged the Medieval
Scholarship
Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution
• Scientific Breakthroughs– Andreas Vesalius: accurate and detailed
study of the human body– Robert Boyle: all matter is composed of
tiny particles; composition of matter– Isaac Newton: Law of gravity; all motion
can be explained mathematically
• Scientific Breakthroughs– Andreas Vesalius: accurate and detailed
study of the human body– Robert Boyle: all matter is composed of
tiny particles; composition of matter– Isaac Newton: Law of gravity; all motion
can be explained mathematically
Renaissance MobileRenaissance Mobile– Sir Thomas More– Baldassare Castiglone – Niccolò Machiavelli– Leonardo da Vinci– Raphael – Erasmus– Galileo Galilei– Francis Bacon
– Sir Thomas More– Baldassare Castiglone – Niccolò Machiavelli– Leonardo da Vinci– Raphael – Erasmus– Galileo Galilei– Francis Bacon
– Michelangelo– Martin Luther– John Calvin– King Henry VIII– Queen Elizabeth I– Ignatius Loyola– Rene Descartes– Isaac Newton
– Michelangelo– Martin Luther– John Calvin– King Henry VIII– Queen Elizabeth I– Ignatius Loyola– Rene Descartes– Isaac Newton