REN21 Secretariatgsr@ren21.net

ENR810 – Énergies renouvelablesLes énergies renouvelables 2 –REN21 Global Status Report

Adapté par Daniel R. Rousse, Ph.D., P. Eng.Département de génie mécanique

Groupe de recherche industrielleen technologie de l’énergie et en efficacité énergétique

Collaborative annual reporting since 2005 building on international expert community. The report features:

01. Global Overview02. Policy Landscape03. Market & Industry Trends04. Distributed Renewables for Energy Access05. Investment Flows06. Energy Systems Integration and Enabling Technologies07. Energy Efficiency08. Feature: Corporate Sourcing of Renewable Energy

Renewables Global Status Report

➜ Total global capacity:up almost 9% compared to 2016, 2,195 GW at year’s end (1,081 GW not incl. hydro)

➜ Share in newly installed renewable power capacity: • Solar PV: 55%• Wind: 29%• Hydropower: 11%• Bio-power: 4.6%

Another Extraordinary Year for Renewable Energy

Renewable Energy “Champions”

Renewable Energy “Champions”

➜ As of 2016, renewable energy: 18.2% of global final energy consumption

• 10.4% modern renewables (+0.2% relative to 2015)

• 7.8% traditional biomass (-2.4% relative to 2015)

Renewable Energy in Total Final Energy Consumption

Renewable Energy in Total Final Energy Consumption

Renewable Energy in TFEC by Sector

➜ Carbon pricing policies in place in 64 jurisdictionsworldwide in 2017

Carbon Pricing Policies

Global Renewable Power Capacity

➜ In 2017, renewables accounted for: 70% of net additions to global power generation capacity

➜ RE supplied an estimated 26.5% of global electricity

➜ Progress in the power sector shows that the transition to renewable energy is possible!

Power Sector

➜ China: nearly 30% of the world’s renewable power capacity (approx. 647 GW)

Renewable Power Capacities in the World

High Shares of Variable Renewable Power on the Grid

➜ The renewable energy sector employed 10.3 million people in 2017 –a 5% increase over 2016

Jobs in Renewable Energy

Jobs in Renewable Energy

The renewable energy sector employed 9.8 million people in 2016 - a 1.1% increase over 2015

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2015

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2014

➜ 128 countries had renewable power policies

➜ 70 countrieshad renewable transport policies

➜ 24 countrieshad renewable heating and cooling policies

Renewable Energy Policies

➜ By end-2017, 87 countries with renewable energy targets for either primary or final energy

➜ Denmark: only country with a 100% target for total final energy from renewable sources

National Targets for RE in Final Energy

➜ Biomass accounted for 12.8% of total final energy consumption in 2016

➜ Traditional biomass in TFEC declining:9.2% in 2005 to estimated 7.8% in 2016

➜ Modern bioenergy contributed 5% to final energy consumption

Bioenergy

➜ EU Member States used an estimated 3.6 EJ of bio-heat in 2016

➜ 91% of which was supplied by solid biomass

➜ Germany is the largest consumer (0.52 EJ) of bio-heat in the EU, followed by France (0.45 EJ), Sweden (0.36 EJ), Italy (0.32 EJ) and Finland (0.30 EJ)

Bio-heat

➜ Global bio-power capacity increased 7% in 2017, to 122 GW

➜ Bioelectricity generation rose almost 11%, to 555 TWh

➜ China has now overtaken the United States as the largest producer of bioelectricity

➜ Other major producers are Brazil, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and India

Bio-power

➜ In 2017, global biofuels production increased nearly 2.5%, to 143 billion litres

➜ Biofuels production and use concentrated geographically, >80% production takes place in the United States, Brazil and the EU combined

Ethanol, Biodiesel and HVO/HEFA

➜ 0.7 GW of new geothermal power generating capacity online in 2017

➜ Global total: 12.8 GW➜ Indonesia and Turkey

continued in the lead for new installations (three-quarters of the new capacity)

Geothermal Power Capacity Additions

➜ United States: global leader for installed geothermal power capacity, but expansion remains slow

➜ Total capacity was around 2.5 GWnet at year’s end

➜ Geothermal power generated about 16 TWhduring the year (0.4% of US net generation)

Geothermal Power Capacity Additions

➜ In 2017, total global hydropower capacity increased to 1,114 GW

➜ Generation from hydropower: 4,185 TWh, up about 2% from 2016

➜ The leading countries for cumulative capacity remained the same: China, Brazil, Canada, the US, the Russian Federation, India and Norway

Hydropower Global Capacity

➜ 19 GW of new hydropower capacity commissioned in 2017

➜ Smallest annual increment over the past 5 years

➜ Most capacity added by China, followed by Brazil

Hydropower Capacity Additions

➜ 98 GW of solar PV capacity added in 2017

➜ Global total increased 33% to 402 GW (equivalent of 40,000 PV panels everyhour)

➜ More solar PV was installed than the net capacity additions of fossil fuels and nuclear power combined

Solar PV Global Capacity and Additions

Solar PV Capacity by Country or Region

➜ By the end of 2017, every continent had installed at least 1 GW

➜ At least 29 countries had 1 GW or more of capacity

➜ The size and number of large projects continued to grow during 2017

➜ By year’s end, at least 196 solar PV plants of 50 MW and larger were operating in at least 28 countries

Solar PV Capacity and Additions

➜ China added53.1 GW in 2017, more than was added worldwide in 2015,increasing its total solar PV capacity to 131.1 GW

➜ China reached its 2020 target for solar installations in 2017

➜ The United States remained a distant second, adding 10.6 GW for a total of 51 GW

➜ The top 5 national markets for solar PV accounted for some 84% of newly installed capacity

• China• The United States • India • Japan • Turkey

Shares of Solar PV

➜ 100 MW of capacity came online in 2017; global capacity: 4.9 GW

➜ Several projects that were due to enter operation during the year were delayed until 2018 and later

➜ Global capacity increased by just over 2%

➜ Pipeline of about 2 GW of projects under construction (particularly in China and in the Middle East and North Africa region)

Concentrating Solar Thermal Power (CSP)

➜ 13 GWh of thermal energy storage (TES), almost entirely molten salts, operational in conjunction with CSP plants across 5 continents by end-2017

➜ Vast majority of CSP plants under construction will incorporate some form of TES (central to the competitiveness of CSP)

CSP Thermal Energy Storage Capacity

➜ 35 GWth capacity of glazed (flat plate and vacuum tube technology) and unglazed collectors newly commissioned in 2017

➜ Total global capacity: 472 GWth by year-end

➜ Gross additions for the year down 3% from 36.2 GWth in 2016

Solar Water Heating Collectors

➜ 6 leading countries for new installations in 2017 were again: China, Turkey, India, Brazil, the United States and Germany

➜ Top 20 countries for solar thermal installations with glazed and unglazed collectors accounted for an estimated 93% of the global market in 2017

Solar Water Heating Collector Additions

➜ Top 6 countries for new installations in 2017 = top countries for cumulative capacity at end-2016 (latest data available), but in a different order

➜ With its year-end total of 325 GWth, China accounted for 71% of total global capacity

➜ It was followed distantly by the United States, Turkey, Germany, Brazil and India

Solar Water Heating Collectors Capacity

➜ By end-2017, at least 296 large-scale solar thermal systems connected to district heating networks or provided space heating for large residential, commercial and public buildings

➜ Total of 1.2 GWth in operation, incl. glazed and concentrating solar thermal collectors

➜ 90% of solar thermal capacity for district heating was in Europe

Solar District Heating Systems

➜ 52 GW of wind power capacity added in 2017

➜ The global total increased by 11% to 539 GW

Wind Power Capacity and Additions

➜ China: lead position for wind power as well, adding nearly 19.7 GWand reaching a total of 188.4 GW

➜ It was followed distantly by the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom and India

Wind Power Capacity and Additions

➜ +30% global offshore capacity

➜ 17 countries had offshore wind capacity by end- 2017

➜ United Kingdom: maintained its lead for total capacity (6.8 GW), followed by Germany (5.4 GW), China (2.8 GW), Denmark (1.3 GW) and the Netherlands (1.1 GW)

➜ Europe: 84% of global offshore capacity (-4% than 2016), with Asia accounting for nearly all the rest

Offshore Wind Power Capacity

➜ The top 10 turbine manufacturers captured an increasing share of the offshore wind market of nearly 80% in 2017

➜ Vestas (Denmark) barely maintained its position as the largest supplier of wind turbines thanks to the company’s wide global presence

Wind Turbine Manufacturers

➜ 13% of the population in Bangladesh gained access to electricity through off-grid solar systems

➜ 51% of the off-grid population of Kenya is served by DREA systems

➜ In 2017, an increasing number of national governments demonstrated their interest in DREA systems by enhancing the enabling environment

Off-grid Solar Systems Markets

➜ In 2016: 14% of the global population lived without electricity – approx.1.06 billion people (majority in SSA and Asia-Pacific regions)

➜ DREA systems were serving ~300 million people by end-2016

Access to Electricity

➜ Off-grid solar devices (solar lanterns and solar home systems): 60% annual growth rates between 2010-2017

➜ 25.8 million off-grid solar systems (est.) sold in 2017, 14% decrease from 2016

➜ 130 million off-grid solar systems sold cumulatively by end-2017, providing electricity access to about 360 million people worldwide

Sales of Off-grid Solar Systems

➜ Off-grid solar systems’ sales: -16% in 2017 in East Africa and South Asia, (66% of global sales)

➜ Market in Central Africa: +173%

➜ Markets in East Asia and the Pacific: +41%

➜ Across the top 5 markets, sales decreased in Ethiopia, India and Kenya, whereas sales increased in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda

Off-grid Solar Systems

➜ In 2017, 13 (est.) renewable energy-based large mini-grid projects (>100 kW) implemented in countries outside of the OECD and China, primarily in Africa and Southeast Asia

➜ Hundreds of mini-grids <100 kW

➜ >35 new mini-grid projects announced in 2017

RE-based Mini-grid Projects

➜ Clean cook stoves: 83% of 37 million cook stoves distributed in 2016

➜ 3x more clean cook stoves in 2016 compared to 2015

➜ India: main market for clean cook stoves (20.3 million distributed, two-thirds of the global total)

➜ China: 6.2 million clean stoves distributed in 2016

➜ Bangladesh, Ghana and Kenya all matched or exceeded their 2015 numbers

Clean Cook Stoves

➜ In 2016, 29% of the 30.8 million clean cook stoves distributed used renewable fuel, mostly wood or charcoal (25%), followed by biogas (3.5%)

➜ 71% of clean cook stoves use liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

Clean Cook Stoves by Energy Source

➜ >50 million biogas cook stoves in year-end 2016

➜ 126 million people using biogas for cooking (112 million in China and 10 million in India)

➜ China: 13 million m3 of biogas production from biogas digester installations for cooking; India: 2 million m3

➜ Use of biogas for cooking grew in South-Central and South-Eastern Asian and in SSA

Production of Biogas for Cooking

➜ Investment in DREA systems: USD 922 million between 2012-2017, mostly solar PV

➜ In 2017, off-grid solar companies: USD 284 million, -10% from the USD 317 million raised in 2016

➜ PAYG companies: USD 263 million (+19% than 2016)

Investment in Off-grid Solar PV

➜ Clean cook stoves investment between 2012-2016: USD 24 million

➜ 2017: financing flows of only USD 18.1 million

➜ Since 2014, debt and equity financing in the sector increased considerably (70% of funds invested in the sector in 2017)

Investment in Clean Cook Stoves

➜ Global new investment in renewable power and fuels in 2017: USD 279.8 billion (+2.2%) (USD 319.8 billion incl. large hydropower)

➜ Investment in new renewable power capacity roughly three times that in new fossil fuel capacity

Global Investment in Renewable Energy

Global Investment in Renewable Energy by Region

➜ Nearly all of the investment in 2017 was in solar PV (57%) and wind power (38%)

➜ Solar PV: only technology to witness an increase in new investment (+18% compared to 2016)

➜ Investment in all other technologies was down in 2017 relative to 2016

Global Investment in Renewable Energy by Technology

➜ Renewable energy: 68% of the total amount committed to new power-generating capacity in 2017

➜ USD 310 billion (est.) committed to constructing new renewable power plants, compared to:• Fossil fuel-fired generating

capacity: USD 103 billion• Nuclear power capacity:

USD 42 billion

Global Investment in New Power Capacity

➜ Global stationary and grid-connected energy storage capacity: 159 GW (est.)

➜ >3 GW of pumped storage capacity commissioned (approx. 153 GW by year-end)

➜ Pumped storage is followed distantly by thermal storage (molten salt storage at CSP plants: 82%), then by battery (electro-chemical) and electro-mechanical storage

Utility-Scale Energy Storage Capacity

➜ Electrification trend in 2017➜ Global sales of electric

passenger cars (including PHEVs): 1.2 million units, up about 58% over 2016

➜ >3 million electric passenger vehicles on the road (+70% relative to 2016, but still only representing 1% of light vehicle market)

➜ Potential to create a new market for RE and facilitateintegration of VRE

Global Passenger EV Market

➜ Between 2011-2016, primary energy intensity: -10% (average annual contraction of 2.1%)

➜ This moderated the growth in primary energy consumption: 5.7% (average annual growth of 1.1%)

➜ In 2016, global GDP grew 3% and energy demand only 1.1%

Primary Energy Intensity & Total Primary Energy Supply

➜ Global renewable power transition advancing with record capacity additions and rapidly falling costs –The transition is possible!

➜ However, progress not fast enough to reach Paris Agreement goals and SDGs

➜ Better-integrated sectors needed: planning, policies and regulatory frameworks

➜ Systems approach necessary: link energy efficiency and renewable energy, employ sector coupling

➜ Create a level playing field for renewables and decentralised off-grid renewables

➜ Make all trends visible: Much is happening, but data is not consolidated – renewables at local and sub-national level, distributed off-grid renewables, innovative business models

Conclusions