“remote sensing applications for precision agriculture” · pdf file“remote...
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“Remote Sensing Applications for Precision Agriculture”
Chris J. Johannsen, Paul G. Carter and Larry L. Biehl
Department of Agronomy
and
Laboratory for Applications of Remote Sensing (LARS)
Purdue University
September 25-27, 2001
Farm Progress Show
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Purdue remote sensing research in agriculture started in the 1966 with the establishment of the Laboratory for Agricultural Remote Sensing (LARS).
Joint efforts with University of Michigan (ERIM), University of California and USDA-ARS.
Satellites have been launched for “Communications”, “Weather Observations”, “Global Positioning”, and “Earth Observations” since early 1960s.
Projects accomplished for Agriculture: LACIE, AgRISTARS, CRSP and now Ag20/20.
History Lesson
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So why isn’t everybody involved in agriculture using
remote sensing?
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Farming - 10 years agoBasic Premise: A field was treated as a unit>Tillage was uniform across the field>Seeding involved one variety>Applied one rate of fertilizer>Applied one rate of pesticide>Yields were estimated based on volume
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Basic Premise: Specific variations within the field are a potential unit
• Variable tillage by soil type, relief, etc• Adjust seed variety and rates on the go• Adjust fertilizer rate• Variable rate of pesticides• Scouting accomplished by walking the fields –
known variations• Remote Sensing images through the season –
scouting, nutrients, drainage, yield• Yield maps showing variation by location
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Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Remote Sensing
Directed Communications
Spatial Statistics
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• Navigation
• GIS/Mapping
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GPS for Collection of Ground Reference Data
Grain Quality Data Leaf Tissue Nutrient Data Leaf Chlorophyll Data
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RS Image 8-15
Leaf Nitrogen 8-20
Grain Protein 8-25
Grain Yield 10-11
Leaf Chlorophyll 7-14
Nitrogen Plots
9 Acres
GIS: Spatial Data Layers
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Soil Patterns over the Purdue
Agronomy Research Center
IKONOS Satellite
Space Imaging, Inc
May 24, 2000
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Soil Patterns near Davis Purdue Ag Center
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(weekly changes)11 May11 May 8 July8 July 14 July14 July4 June4 June
A:A: The rectangular field that is red in the first image, goes through several changes over the course of the growing season. What do you think those change are?
15 Sept15 Sept3 Aug3 Aug
AA AA AA AA AA AABB BB BB BB BB BB
BB: The square field with a hole in the lower left, changes progressively as well. How does it change? What happens to the hole?
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1 meter pan-sharpen IKONOS - Sept. 19, 200020 meter SPOT - Sept. 27, 2000
IKONOS Image provided by Scientific Data Buy (Stennis), SPOT provided through Aventis CropScience
What Spatial Resolution do You Need?
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Water stress areas
Canada Thistle Patches
Color Infrared Image of a Corn Field, Collected August 8, 1997 with many different types of anomalies.
Planter skips
Better growth areas
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Regular Color Photo CIR Photo
Hail Damage on a Soybean Field
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Site Specific Spatial Data CollectionRemote Sensing Data
GPS Soil Sampling Data GPS Crop Yield Data
GPS Field Weather DataGPS Crop Growth Models
GPS RTK Digital Elevation Data
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• Crop Yield Predictions• Directed Scouting• Nutrient Deficiency Detection• Weed Detection• Soil Management and Soil Compaction• Crop Residue Detection• Crop Anomaly Classification• Assessing Crop Damage - Hail
at Purdue University
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Potential Applications of Remote Sensing depend on:
���� The type and stage of crop growth
���� The management levels of the grower
���� The remote sensing expertise available
���� The geographic area, i.e. soils, irrigation, etc.
���� The timeliness of the image or data
���� The value of the crop
Most applications occur when you have the right data at the right time at an affordable cost.
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So What are the Barriers to Using Remote Sensing?Availability of data
Venders to provide the data
Cloud cover
Training
Ag professionals trained to interpret the data
Opportunities to receive the training
Costs
Data collection
Using the information
Data storage
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Basic Premise: If you can measure it, it’s a potential management unit
Sensors measure soil and plant characteristics to vary inputs
Crop specialty – bred for specific new characteristicsTimed release of fertilizer, chemicals, and other inputsVariable harvest techniquesAre you prepared for tomorrow’s agriculture?