reminder: projects due: 10 december end. reading assignment: chapter 24: flounders, puffers, and...
TRANSCRIPT
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Reminder:
• Projects Due: 10 December
end
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Reading Assignment:Chapter 24: Flounders, Puffers, and Molas
ocean sunfish (Mola mola)
end
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Communication continued
1. Visual Signals continued• Thermoregulation• Intraspecific communication• Evasion of predators
2. Auditory Signals
end
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poster colors--complex color patterns
(common in reef fish)
end
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Function of Poster colors:• advertisement of territory ownership• contact between foragers• intraspecific communication of sex, status,
maturity (Labridae, Scaridae)• predator avoidance--cryptic on color
background• aposmatic coloration--advertisement of
danger (poison; spines)
end
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poster colors
butterfly fish
end
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poster colors
end
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poster colors
queen angelfishend
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poster colors
end
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poster colors lionfish--aposmatic coloration
end
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disruptive coloration--patterns that disrupt outline
flicker fusion--patterned fish against patterned background
end
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disruptive coloration
camouflage
end
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disruptive coloration
camouflage
end
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disruptive coloration
camouflage
end
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disruptive coloration
camouflage
guitarfish
end
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disruptive coloration
camouflage
leafy seadragon end
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eye concealment
end
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eye concealment
end
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eye concealment
end
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eye enhancement
French angelfish
end
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eye enhancement
moray eel
end
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eyespots
end
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lateral stripes
common in schooling spp
For orientation &
pred. confusion
end
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lateral stripes
end
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polychromatism
• different colors in different individuals– ex: midas cichlid
• gold morphs win comp. for food
• rarely common in wild (prob. due to pred.)
– ex: annual killifish• brightly colored morphs dominant--greater
reproductive success early
• dull forms live longer--rep. success later in season
end
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Midas cichlid
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annual killifish
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special patterns
Ex: egg-shaped spots on male cichlids– mouth brooders– females take eggs into mouth after laying– attempts to pick up “dummy” eggs aids
fertilization
end
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egg spots
end
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photophores dragonfish
Light producing cellsMost common in twilight-zone fishes 300-1000 m
Self-liminescence--liciferin/luciferace chem. react
Symbiotic luminescence--luminescent bacteria
in gland-like structuresend
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photophores
lanternfishend
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Communication continued:
1. Visual Signals
2. Auditory Signals
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Auditory Signals--for communication
• Stridulation -- produced by bone-to-bone contact– occurs in Catfishes (Ictaluridae, Ariidae)– pectoral spines rub against socket– amplified by swim bladder
• Vibrating muscles & swim bladder– Sciaenidae (drum family)
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Ariidae -- hardhead catfish
stridulation
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stridulation
Ictaluridae -- channel catfish
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sound production through muscle vibration
Sciaenidae
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end
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Zoogeography of Freshwater Fish• Defn: Study of geographic distribution of
animals
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Zoogeographic Types of FW Fishes:
1. Euryhaline marine fishes - can enter FWEx: bull shark; saw fishes
common in areas where FW fish not well developed (e.g. Central America)
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Zoogeographic Types of Fishes: continued
2. Obligatory Freshwater Fishes - must spend at least part of life cycle in FW2a. Freshwater Dispersants - SW is barrier
Ex: Ostariophysi; Esosidae; Percidae; Poeciliidae; Lepisosteidae; Cichlidae
2b. Saltwater Dispersants - SW not barrierEx: diadromous fishes; anguillids; gobies; salmon
Give rise to non-migratory forms (FW drum)
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Factors affecting distribution of fishes
• Center of origin--distribution of ancestors– distribution of proto-species or higher taxon
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Factors affecting distribution of fishes continued• Time of origin--first appearance of species
– geological changes• sea level
• mountain building/erosion
• stream capture
– continental drift - position of continents– change in physical variables (temp., salinity)– dispersal takes time
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Stream capture
Ocean
river
river
erosion
saltwater barrier
land barrier
dispersi
on
limit
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Stream capture
Ocean
river
river
capture
dispersal
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Factors affecting distribution of fishes continued
• Dispersion Avenues/Barriers– physical
• temperature; salinity
• divides; deserts
– biotic• disease; competitors; predators
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Adispersal
dispersal
dispersal
disp
ersa
ldi
sper
sal
center of origin
mountains
barrier
avenue
time
Fish Distribution
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Tectonic plates & continental drift
avenue
center
center
barrier
Continental drift has changed barriers/avenues
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first fishes
Age of fishes
Teleostei
Geologic Time
Scale
Actinopterygii (Chondrostei)
Acipenseriformesgars, bowfin
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Permian 225 MYA
Euramerica
SA
Asia
Africa
Ant.
Aus.Ind.
Lungfishes present (Devonian); ancestors of sturgeons & paddlefish
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Triassic--200 MYA
Turgai Sea
Ancestors of gars and bowfin
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Jurassic -- 135 MYA
SA
Asia
Africa
Ant.
Aus.
Ind.
Origin of Teleostei
Euramerica
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Cretaceous -- 65 MYA
NA
SA
Asia
Africa
Ant.
Aus.
Ind.
Europe
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end
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Reminder: Lab Exam on Fishes next week:• 100 points (~50 questions)• Primarily identification (class, order, family, species, etc); Also
possibly questions from lab handouts and notes.– Ex: What is the lowest taxon that includes species on display?
• Only taxa on your lab handouts will be answers• Either standardized common or scientific names for species are
acceptable (Primary answer 2 pts/ Secondary answer ½ point extra credit)
• Tip: Step 1--learn to recognize fish; Step 2—learn species names and higher taxa
• Study by quizzing yourself (test your long-term memory)• Doors to lab open this week.• Lab will be closed Mon. for exam setup
end