remembering some of the lessons from 2013’s disasters part 2: typhoons walter hays, global...
TRANSCRIPT
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REMEMBERING SOME OF THE LESSONS FROM 2013’S DISASTERS
PART 2: TYPHOONS
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA
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SUPER TYPHOON HAIYAN DEVASTATES THE PHILIPPINES;
NOVEMBER 8-10, 2013
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HAIYAN REACHED THE PHILIPPINES: FRIDAY, NOV.
8
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LANDFALL ON FRIDAY MORNING, NOV. 8
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WIND AND WATER PENETRATE BUILDING ENVELOPE
TYPHOONSTYPHOONS
UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM
FLYING DEBRIS PENETRATES WINDOWS
STORM SURGE
HEAVY PRECIPITATION
FLASH FLOODING
(MUDFLOWS)
LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS)
CAUSES OF RISK
CAUSES OF RISK
CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
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ONCE AGAIN, 2013’S DISASTERS DEMONSTRATED THAT IT
USUALLY TAKES MULTIPLE DISASTERS BEFORE THE
STRICKEN NATION ADOPTS POLICIES TO BECOME DISASTER
RESILIENT
MOST UNAFFECTED NATIONS USUALLY DON’T LEARN ANYTHING NEW AND DON’T CHANGE EXISTING POLICIES
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A FLAWED PREMISE: ONE TYPHOON DISASTER
ANYWHERE SHOULD BE ENOUGH TO MAKE ANY NATION
SUSCEPTIBLE TO TYPHOONS ADOPT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES THAT WILL LEAD TO THEIR OWN
TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE
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EXAMPLE: THE PHILIPPINES
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THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES HAVE HAD MANY
OPPORTUNITIES TO LEARN VITAL LESSONS
FROM PAST TYPHOONS OF ALL SIZES MAKING LANDFALL THERE
The Philippines has more than enough experience with typhoons for action.
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A FLAWED PREMISE: BY NOW, THE PHILIPPINES
SHOULD HAVE POLICIES IN PLACE FOR TYPHOON DISASTER
RESILIENCE (i.e., A SUPER TYPHOON SHOULD NOT
MAKE THAT MUCH DIFFERENCE WHEN THE POLICIES ARE RIGHT)
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LESSON: THE TIMING OF ANTICIPATORY ACTIONS IS VITAL
• The people who know: 1) what to expect (e.g., high-velocity winds, rain, flash floods, landslides, and storm surge), 2) where and when it will happen, and 3) what they should (and should not) do to prepare will survive.
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LESSON: TIMELY EARLY WARNING AND EVACUATION SAVES LIVES
• The people who have timely early warning in conjunction with a community evacuation plan that facilitates getting out of harm’s way from the risks associated with storm surge, high winds, flooding, and landslides will survive.
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LESSON: EMERGENCY MEDICAL PREPAREDNESS SAVES LIVES
• Damaged hospitals and medical facilities combined with lack of clean drinking water, food, and medicine, and high levels of morbidity and mortality will quickly overrun the local community’s capacity for emergency health care.
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LESSON: WIND ENGINEERED BUILDINGS SAVE LIVES
• Buildings engineered to withstand the risks from a typhoon’s high velocity winds will maintain their function and protect occupants and users from death and injury.
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LESSON: EMERGENCY RESPONSE SAVES LIVES
• The “Uncontrollable and Unthinkable” events will always hinder the timing of emergency response operations.
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LESSON: THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ALWAYS PROVIDES AID
• The International Community provides millions to billions of dollars in relief to most nations to help “pick up the pieces, ” but this strategy is not enough by itself to ensure disaster resilience.
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HAIYAN: A SUPER TYPHOON
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RATED AS PROBABLY THE STRONGEST TYPHOON EVER TO STRIKE THE
PHILIPPINES
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HAIYAN MOVED TOWARDS VIETNAM AND CHINA: SAT., NOV 9
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ADVANCE EVACUATIONS
• 800,000 people were evacuated to emergency shelters.
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AN EVACUATION CENTER
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FOUR HOURS OF FEAR AND DESTRUCTION
• Winds flattened hundreds of homes.
• Heavy rainfall triggered mudslides and flash flooding.
• A storm surge with waves of up to 10 m (30 feet) destroyed everything, sweeping people away and drowning thousands.
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AN AERIAL VIEW
• It was like a tsunami," Interior Secretary Manuel Roxas told Reuters.
• "From a helicopter, you can see the extent of devastation. From the shore and moving a kilometer inland, there are no structures standing.
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DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE
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TACLOBAN (ON LEYTE ISLAND) HIT THE HARDEST
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SURVIVOR STORIES
• Survivors of the storm described towering waves that swept away all but the most robust engineered structures.
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STORM SURGE
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DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE
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DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE
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DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE
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DESTRUCTION AND DEATH EVERYWHERE
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DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE
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TACLOBAN AIRPORT
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INITIAL IMPACTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Wide spread flooding, mudslides, and power outages
• Winds of 380 kph (290 mph)
• TACLOBAN hit very hard by the storm surge with many deaths
• Tacloban’s airport destroyed
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INITIAL IMPACTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Loss of communication
• An estimated 10,000 people dead
• Economic losses in the billions
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SURVIVOR NEEDS
• Survivors are in desperate need of clean drinking water and food
• Survivors temporarily cut off from aid, and from their families in the Philippines as well as in other countries (e.g., 3 million in the USA)
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USA MILITARY FORCES DISPATCHED TO ASSIST IN WHAT BECAME A HISTORIC
RELIEF EFFORT
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Search and Rescue and Relief Efforts Were Hampered by
Landslides and Damaged Road Systems
LESSON: All Kinds of Things Will go Wrong During the Emergency Response
Period When the Uncontrollable and Unthinkable Happen.
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TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE POLICIES AND MEASURES NEEDED BY
MANY NATIONS
Preparedness
Adoption and Implementation of a Modern Wind Engineering Building Code
Time,y Early Warning and Evacuation
Timely Emergency Response (including Emergency Medical Services)
Cost-Effective Recovery
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WAYS TO ACCELERATE PROGRESS TOWARDS WAYS TO ACCELERATE PROGRESS TOWARDS TYPHOON RESILIENCETYPHOON RESILIENCE
WAYS TO ACCELERATE PROGRESS TOWARDS WAYS TO ACCELERATE PROGRESS TOWARDS TYPHOON RESILIENCETYPHOON RESILIENCE
EXPERIENCES WITH PREPAREDNESS
EXPERIENCES WITH MONITORING AND WARNING
EXPERIENCES WITH DISASTER SCENARIO PLANNING
EXPERIENCES WITH RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION
EXPERIENCES WITH PREVENTION, MITIGATION, AND ADAPTATION
INTEGRATE GLOBAL EXPERIENCES WITH YOUR EXPERIENCES
INTEGRATE GLOBAL EXPERIENCES WITH YOUR EXPERIENCES
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THE CHALLENGE:
POLICY CHANGES: CREATE, ADJUST, AND REALIGN PROGRAMS, PARTNERS AND PEOPLE UNTIL YOU HAVE CREATED THE KINDS OF TURNING POINTS NEEDED FOR MOVING TOWARDS TYPHOON RESILIENCE
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COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES
COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES
DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
• TYPHOON HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
TYPHOON RISK TYPHOON RISK
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
TYPHOON DISASTER TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
•PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•FORECASTS/SCENARIOS•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS
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CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR TYPHOON DISASTER
RESILIENCE
USING EDUCATIONAL SURGES CONTAINING THE PAST AND PRESENT LESSONS TO FOSTER AND ACCELERATE THE CREATION OF TURNING
POINTS
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2014--2020 2014--2020 ISIS A GOOD TIME A GOOD TIME
FOR A GLOBAL SURGE IN FOR A GLOBAL SURGE IN EDUCATIONALEDUCATIONAL, , TECHNICAL, HEALTH TECHNICAL, HEALTH
CARE, AND POLITICAL CAPACITY CARE, AND POLITICAL CAPACITY BUILDINGBUILDING
IN ALL FIVE PILLARS OF COMMUNITY IN ALL FIVE PILLARS OF COMMUNITY
DISASTERDISASTER RESILIENCE RESILIENCE
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CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR TYPHOON DISASTER
RESILIENCE
INTEGRATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS WITH POLITICAL
SOLUTIONS FOR POLICIES ON PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, EARLY
WARNING, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY
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INTEGRATION OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL INTEGRATION OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS CONSIDERATIONS
INTEGRATION OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL INTEGRATION OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS CONSIDERATIONS
THE KNOWLEDGE BASE
Best Practices for Mitigation Adaptation and Monitoring
Gateways to a Deeper Understanding
Real and Near- Real Time Monitoring
Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Characterization
Anticipatory Actions for all Events and Situations
Situation Data Bases
Interfaces with all Real- and Near Real-Time Sources
Cause & Effect Relationships
APPLICATIONS
Implement Modern Codes and Lifeline Standards
Relocation/Rerouting of Cities and City Lifelines
Create a Hazard Zonation Map as a Policy Tool
Introduce New Technologies
Move Towards A Disaster Intelligent Community
EDUCATIONAL SURGES
Involve Partners in Turning Point Experimemts
Enlighten Communities on Their Risks
Build Strategic Equity Through Disaster Scenarios
Multiply Capability by International Twinning
Update Knowledge Bases After Each Disaster
OPPORTUNITIES FOR TURNING POINTS: OPPORTUNITIES FOR TURNING POINTS: For Disaster Resilience on local, For Disaster Resilience on local, regional, national, and global scalesregional, national, and global scales
OPPORTUNITIES FOR TURNING POINTS: OPPORTUNITIES FOR TURNING POINTS: For Disaster Resilience on local, For Disaster Resilience on local, regional, national, and global scalesregional, national, and global scales