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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BUILT ENVIROMENT & PUBLIC HEALTHPhoto Source: http://cdn.theatlanticcities.com/img/upload/2013/12/16/shutterstock_147334538/largest.jpgMENNATULLAH HENDAWYEGYPTIAN - URBAN PLANNERHendawyy@gmail.com MSc. IUSD

direct relationship with one another, which is often overlooked. Historically these two disciplines have operated independently, without collaboration. We believe that we can form healthier, more fulfilling future for our communities through the integration and application of these two fields.1AGENDA

HISTORY OF THE RELATIONSHIP/CONNECTION

REACHING A COMMON GROUND

APPRECIATING DIFFERENCES THROUGH ACTIONS

FIRST,LETS AGREE ON

WE SEE the world differently, lets appreciate this differenceWE SHARE Common needsWE WANT to Live a happy fruitful life, where HEALTH is a mustIs urban planning about physical design, or about making things easier for the people who live in our urban spaces?ARE WE STRIVING FOR BEAUTIFUL PEOPLE OR BEAUTIFUL CITIES?At America's first urban planning conference, held in New York in 1898, a British planner31.HISTORY OF THE RELATIONSHIP/CONNECTIONhttp://www.theatlanticcities.com/jobs-and-economy/2012/08/brief-history-birth-urban-planning/2365/http://www.healthycommunitiesbydesign.org/Content/10052/HistoricalPerspective.htmlTHE STORY BEHIND. ?Are planners striving for beautiful people or beautiful cities?Before then

three types of people thinking about how a city should look and function architects, public health officials, and social workers.

+first urban planning school, at Harvard.Cities focused on place at the expense of people.1898A Brief History of the Birth of Urban PlanningThe architects were focused on the city as a built environment, The public health professionals, with infrastructure.

a connection between certain diseases and social conditions, even if they didn't know precisely what it was. Planning how a water system would work, or where waste should go, or how to get garbage out of a city, was the most effective way to stop diseases from spreading (

And lastly the social workers wanted to use the city to improve the lives of the people living there. They wanted cleaner tenements, spaces for immigrant children to play, and more light and fresh air for residents. 5Before then

three types of people thinking about how a city should look and function architects, public health officials, and social workers.

first urban planning school, at Harvard.Cities focused on place at the expense of people.

Protestors outside theCleveland, Ohio, city hall on January 20, 1970, protesting the city's air pollution.(Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.

http://www.pollutionissues.com/Fo-Hi/Health-Human.html#b#ixzz2yWFmFFhy By 1872, the disciplines were so aligned that two of the seven founders of the American Public Health Association were urban designers (an architect and a housing specialist)THE STORY BEHIND. ?Are planners striving for beautiful people or beautiful cities?

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A Brief History of the Birth of Urban Planning1898CONNECTION TO PUBLIC HEALTH?Both professions spawned during the 19th century in response to social and economic criseshttp://www.theatlanticcities.com/jobs-and-economy/2012/08/brief-history-birth-urban-planning/2365/http://www.healthycommunitiesbydesign.org/Content/10052/HistoricalPerspective.htmlIn 1980s the Healthy Cities movement began in Europe and the United States it highlight the role of health as much more than the presence of medical careOvercrowding, air pollution, sewage, and proper sanitation were all issues that plagued cities of this era and demanded action.

6CONNECTION TO PUBLIC HEALTH?Both professions spawned during the 19th century in response to social and economic crisesTHE STORY BEHIND. Local governments started to control land use through zoning lawspreventing factories from locating close to neighborhoodssegregate communities, and supported the growth of suburbs.

weakened connection between work, home, retail and other daily services, isolating them from one another and making them accessible only by car.Improvements in the transportation system

People were protected from infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and cholera but they now faced new epidemics such as obesity, asthma, heart disease and diabetes, all related to the design of the built environment.

DOCTORS ARE FROM MARS

AND

URBAN PLANNERS ARE FROM VENUSTHE STORY BEHIND. The city as a metabolism. Courtesy H+N+S Landscape Architects for theIABR2014

Some more Factshttp://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=25762http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2010/urban_health_20100407/en/ http://nextcity.org/daily/entry/using-biodiversity-as-a-predictor-of-urban-healthhttp://www.nwcphp.org/communications/news/urban-planning-presentation/image_250

In 2008, Thenumber of people living in urban areasoutnumbered thoseliving in rural areasfor the first time in history!The world is rapidly urbanizing with significant changes in our living standards, lifestyles, social behaviour and health. outdoor urban air pollution kills some 1.2 million people worldwide.WHAT IS HAPENNING NOW?Globally, road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death among youthUrbanization is a major public health challenge in the 21st century. For the first time in human history, the majority of the worlds population lives in cities. By 2030, it is estimated that about 60% of the worlds population will be urban dwellers, projected to rise to about 70% by 2050. Urbanization represents a great opportunity to improve peoples health, but also a complex challenge, especially in places where urbanization is outpacing the development of infrastructure, services, and other resources required to sufficiently meet the needs of the residents. Urban planning canplaya role in making the impact of urbanization on health beneficial for people. Healthy urban planning is about creating healthy, equitable and sustainable citie9

Some more Factshttp://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=25762http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2010/urban_health_20100407/en/ http://nextcity.org/daily/entry/using-biodiversity-as-a-predictor-of-urban-healthhttp://www.nwcphp.org/communications/news/urban-planning-presentation/image_250

WHAT IS HAPENNING NOW?rapid population growth outpaces the municipal capacity to build essential infrastructure

leading to the proliferation of informal settlements.

Urbanization, both in the developed and particularly in the developing world, is accompanied by a concentration of poverty. . There's no evidence to suggest that sprawl causes obesity, although there is some research arguing thatpeople whoalready areobese opt to live in sprawling places

Many inner cities actually have higher obesity rates than suburbs. Inner-ring suburbs have some of the best health outcomes

10AN URGENT NEED FOR ACTION2. REACHING A COMMON GROUNDThe well-being of society.

PUBLIC HEALTH VERSUS URBAN PLANNINGDEFINITIONThe process that regulates development in neighborhoods, cities, and regions.Its a broad multidisciplinary field that doesn't only deal with zoning issues

a multidisciplinary field in which professionals work to improve the welfare of persons and communities by creating more convenient, equitable, healthful, efficient, and attractive places now and for the future.

The centerpiece of urban planning activities is a "master plan," which can take many forms, including comprehensive plans, neighborhood plans, community action plans, regulatory and incentive strategies, economic development plans, and disaster preparedness plans (1). Traditionally, these plans include assessing and planning for community needs in some or all of the following areas: transportation, housing, commercial/office buildings, natural resource utilization, environmental protection, and health-care infrastructure.

12It creates community-based strategies to prevent disease and promote health.PUBLIC HEALTH VERSUS URBAN PLANNINGDEFINITIONPlanners deal with; transportation systems, economy, natural resources, urban design, and physical facilities. That all come together to define our cities.It creates community-based strategies to prevent disease and promote health.PUBLIC HEALTH VERSUS URBAN PLANNINGDEFINITIONPlanners deal with; transportation systems, economy, natural resources, urban design, and physical facilities. That all come together to define our cities.With so many components to consider, planners must take a comprehensive approach to envision how all these different elements will compliment each other as they shape our cities. Urban planning also factors in time and how current trends and building practices will affect the built environment today and into the future

14PUBLIC HEALTH VERSUS URBAN PLANNINGTHE LINKvis- visWith so many components to consider, planners must take a comprehensive approach to envision how all these different elements will compliment each other as they shape our cities. Urban planning also factors in time and how current trends and building practices will affect the built environment today and into the future

15 It studies how the environment and our behavior impacts our livelihood and health. Our behaviors are also influenced by our environment.

PUBLIC HEALTH VERSUS URBAN PLANNINGTHE LINKOur built environment influences behavior and choices of people based on what is available and convenient. In turn this can shape our lifestyles and health outcomes.vis- visApplying health trends knowledge helps create new community policies, building codes, and changes the practice of urban planning.With so many components to consider, planners must take a comprehensive approach to envision how all these different elements will compliment each other as they shape our cities. Urban planning also factors in time and how current trends and building practices will affect the built environment today and into the future

16Applying this knowledge helps create new community policies, building codes, and changes the practice of urban planning.PUBLIC HEALTH VERSUS URBAN PLANNINGTHE LINKOur built environment influences behavior and choices of people based on what is available and convenient. In turn this can shape our lifestyles and health outcomes.vis- visUrban planning and public health share common missions and perspectives. Both aim to improve human well-being, emphasize needs assessment and service delivery, manage complex social systems, focus at the population level, and rely on community-based participatory methods. Center for Disease Control and Prevention Report on Urban Planning and Public Heath

In order to understand ourselves, others and the world around us, we need to be able to change and adapt our perspectives. By looking at a problem from different frames of reference, possibilities for solving it become easier to discover.

In order to understand ourselves, others and the world around us, we need to be able to change and adapt our perspectives. By looking at a problem from different frames of reference, possibilities for solving it become easier to discover.

With so many components to consider, planners must take a comprehensive approach to envision how all these different elements will compliment each other as they shape our cities. Urban planning also factors in time and how current trends and building practices will affect the built environment today and into the future

17HOW CAN URBAN PLANNING AND PUBLIC HEALH ADD TO EACHOTHER?3. APPRECIATING DIFFERENCES THROUGH ACTIONS

HOW CAN THE BUILT ENVIROMENT ENABLE YOU TO ACHIEVE HEALTHY LIFE STYLE?

18PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURELouis Pasteur

HEALTHY URBAN PLANNING AND DESIGN

Access to work

Healthy lifestylesSocial cohesionEquityAestheticsQuality of Land & Natural Resources & Climate StabilityAir & Water QualitySafetyAccessibilityLocal low input food production and distributionHousing quality11 key health objectives

slightly more walking between parking lots and office buildings. These examples point to the need for reliable, meaningful research on ways to have design more effectively impact urban health.

mportant issues in this theme cover healthy urban planning, housing and regeneration, healthy transport, climate change, exposure to noise and pollution, healthy urban design and creativity and liveability. One major area within healthy urban environment and design ishealth impact assessment.Follow the link for moreinformationon health impact assessment.Healthy urban planning has a major role toplayin creating and managing the built environment we live in. This means it has an influence on our health and the ability to maintain good health. It promotes the idea that a City is much more than buildings, streets and open spaces and is a living community, the health of which is closely linked to that of its citizens.

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LIVABLE STREET PROJECT - New York Citys Department of TransportationNew York Citys Department of Transportation, led byJanette Sadik-Kahnannounced today that they will be opening nearlythree acresof streets to pedestrian traffic. And where might this be you ask? None other than onBroadway, arguably the most famous street in America. The decision, backed by Mayor Bloomberg, comes after Sadik-Kahns hugely successfulPublic Plaza Initiativeenacted in 2007. The DOT found that the new plazas greatly reduced traffic-related injuries, in some cases up to 56%. Along with saftey, the DOT sited both economic and traffic improvements as reasons for the plan, not too mention a much better streetscape for the nearly 360,000 pedestrians who visit the area every day. The plan is estimated to cost $1.5 million. Check out the full presentation below (you will notice that the four removed vehicle lanes are not being replaced by a $3 billion tunn21

LINKING HEALTH TO THE URBAN SCALESHealthy Urban Planning and Development (courtesy of Billie Giles-Corti) LINKING HEALTH TO THE URBAN SCALES

Coverage of urban scale by components of the urban environmenthttp://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/114448/E93987.pdfThe U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends a minimum of 150 minutes of aerobic activity at minimum each week.

23Comprehensive urban planning strategy

Its time to ACCEPT THE RESPONSIBILITYCONCLUSIONParticipatory and inclusive urban planning approaches

Physical activity/transportation policies/urban design

Establish partnerships with health organisations (e.g WHO)

Communication with key stakeholder groups. (e.g. raising awareness among builders and financers )developing regulatory and legislative options and incentives for implementation. (e.g Compact urban form and mixed use of city areas)efforts to return to the traditional neighborhoods and urban form that valued a mix of uses, pedestrian and transit amenities and compact development.

Strongly link policies on the design of the built environment with benefits and impacts on public health and wellbeing.

The future of urban planning has great potential assmart growth,new urbanism, andcomplete street policiesgain acceptance and a greater importance is placed onpublic health.

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THANK YOUDANKESLUM AREA IN INDIAhttp://www.imaginarylife.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/inside-netaji-nagar_sq.jpg :

And whoever saves one[soul] - it is as if he had saved mankind entirely(Surat Al-M'idah, 32)Holy Quran