reka-cipta-inovasi-kreativiti-08.ppt

8/21/2019 reka-cipta-inovasi-kreativiti-08.ppt

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Reka Cipta,Inovasi

&Kreativiti


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“Our world is very different from the world of our

ancestors. Tens of thousands of inventions anddiscoveries have transformed the way we do things and

the way we think. An invention is something new,

created by arranging things in some novel way. A

discovery is a thing or principle that already existed,

needing only to be found. But it is often difficult to tell

where invention ends and discovery begins. hatever

they are, few inventions or discoveries are made

overnight. There is usually a period of preparation

before they emerge. !ven then, they take time to act. Aninvention may take years to displace existing methods.

A discovery may take generations to change habits of

thought." # Bridmann, $%%%&


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“Imagine a world where no one has discovered

electricity…or a world where electricity has been

discovered, but the inventions didn’t know what to

do with it! There would be no telephones, radios,

televisions, computer game, internet…the list goes

on and on. Think how different the whole story of theworld would be without these, and other, great

inventions. ithout the invention of aeroplanes and

later, the et engine, for e"ample, a ourney from

#ritain to $ustralia could take a very % and I meanvery % long time. &ow, nowhere in the world is more

than '( hours away in the fastest planes.

Adargh (2000)


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Konsep Reka cipta

• “A new product, system, or process that has never existedbefore, created by study and experimentation."

• “An original device, idea, or process originated after study andexperiment ' a discovery or a new finding."

• “A new device, process, and so on, that has been created. (anbe in either physical or conceptual form. )re'existingknowledge is combined in a new way to yield something thatdid not before exist."

• “An invention is any new thing that makes something faster,easier, more powerful, more efficient, more attractive, moreaccurate, more fun, or more productive * in short +ust plainbetter."


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Formula Reka cipta

(TRIZ method)

Masalah + Idea + (Teori) + Kepakaran +R&D + Material + Modal + Paten

___________________________________

REKA CIPTA

___________________________________


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“Creatie pro!lem solin" !e"ins

#hen kno#led"e and simpl$thinkin" a!o%t a pro!lem ails'

“)ne sometimes finds what one

is not looking for*

leander *lemin"

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thinkinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thinkinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge


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“Sebatang besi buruk bernilai RM5, jika

anda mengambil besi buruk tersebut dan

hasilkan ladam kuda nilainya akan

bertambah RM50.50, dan jika ia digunakan

untuk membuat jarum nilainya akan

meningkat kepada RM3,285. Jika andamenghasilkan spring jam ia akan bernilai

RM250,000. erbe!aan antara RM5 dan

RM250,000 adalah "R#$%&'&%&,R#"$ (&%$ dan &)*'$S&+

“Ripleys -eliee &t /r )/t+


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“Invention is science+driven, and today ultimately

derives from the codification of theoretical

knowledge, and from the unfolding logic oftechnology, such as miniaturiation, greater speeds,

use of and adaptation to new materials, etc.*

aniel !ell" 200#


10/41

I,

T-K,./.0I

&)'#)S#)

KE$%R%TERAA&

P-,-M1,


11/41

“ Intelligence determines the upper limits of a person’s

ability to obtain and store information withoutactually being itself part of creativity. he degree ofcreativity depends upon the amount of noveltycreated in the processing of the information madeavailable by intelligence!. Cropley "#$$%

'(t some point in their lives, each of theseindividuals discovered the most important key to

creativity. hey actively used their imaginations to go beyond their knowledge!.)ame* "#$$$


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pi2 latan

3at%

T%lisan

Zaman 0an"sa

Zaman 3esi

Pen"airan2 sistem perparitan

Pem!%atan kertas di Tim%r Ten"ah

er!%k peledakMa"net2 Teleskop

1ndan"4%ndan" ,e#ton2 -n5in #ap (,-6C.M-,)

-lektrik

R-7./1I I,D1TRI

lat pintal 8enn$

-n5in /om!on"

3ot #ap

*oto"ra

Teleon

intetik

kapalter!an"

Komp%ter

K%asa tom

-n5in #ap 6att

/..M

/okomoti

Tele"ra

Kamera

plastik

Radar

Teleis$en

-$/0

T1$203

3ioteknolo"i Teknolo"i nano


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Reka cipta A'ad ke2#Pengklonan

Produk kesihatan dan penagaan diri

Internet dan kepintaran 'uatan (AI)

Kad pintar

Produk sukan

Produk hi'uran 'erkonsep ma*a

Komunikasi segera capaian seluruh duniaPenggunaan sel solar secara men*eluruh

Akh'ar elektronik

and videophone

arah" antung" paruparu" 'uah pinggang" hati

dan telinga tiruan

+istem ,ang elektronikTeknologi ro'otik dalam pel'agai 'idang pekeraan"

permainan kanakkanak dan 'arangan pengguna

Telesidang tiga dimensi

Kereta pintar

Keuruteraan genetik dalam makanan" peru'atan dan

se'again*a-utasi manusia


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Reka 1ipta &n/asi

Mencipta produk Membuat perubahan

4 -aru dan unik. 4 enambahbaikan.

24 $sli. 24 M/diikasi.

34 Risik/ tinggi. 34 Risik/ rendah.

64 %/leran terhadap kesilapan. 64 engurusan risik/.

54 "/mitmen jangka panjang. 54 "/mitmen untuk men1apai

matlamat.

74 -erterusan. 74 -erubahubah.

94 r/ses yang k/mpleks. 94 r/ses yang bersistematik.

84 84

:4 ;asil tidak dapat dijangka. :4 ;asil diran1ang dan dapat dijangka.

04


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Kategori Pereka Cipta

• Pereka 9ipta $an" !eker5a dalam ind%stridan !isnes (captive inventor ) iait%!eker5a se!a"ai pen$elidik:

• Pereka 9ipta !e!as (independentinventor ) iait% pereka 9ipta $an"

men5adikan aktiiti reka 9ipta se!a"aiker5a$a sepen%h masa dan ker5asam!ilan:


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“)ne sometimes finds what one is

not looking for*

leander *lemin"


21/41

“being at the right place

and the right time" .


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23/41

Kesan E%REKA/

; pen9arian $an" pan5an"

; memperoleh pro"ress $an" ke9il

; ke5adian $an" tidak diran9an"

; pan9aran ko"niti

; transormasi


24/41

-ette )esmith setiausaha4 = uid paper

;ubert -//th jurutera jambatan4 = a1um 1leaner

"ing (amp ?illette jurujual4 = isau 1ukur

@right -ersaudara tukang basikal4 = "apal terbang

Samuel M//rse pelukis4 = $lat telegra

R/bert Ault/n guru4 = -/t kuasa Bap

"imberly (lark jurujual4 tisu kleeneC

@." "ell/gs pekerja rest/ran4 = makanan bijirin

J.- Dunl/p d/kt/r haiBan4 = %ayar enumatik

Mari/n D/na/n suri rumah4 diapers


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Idea-idea kreatif kerapkaliditerbitkan oleh orang-orangyang salah, dari jabatan yang

salah, yang mempunyailatarbelakang yang salah,dalam unit-unit yang salah dan

pada waktu yang salah

Tom Peters


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Reka 1ipta "/nkrit Reka 1ipta S/sial

•

A/kus utama dalam bidang Sainsdan %ekn/l/gi sains gunaan4•

Sains s/sial s/si/l/gi, sains p/litik,pendidikan,undangundang,linguistik, k/munikasi, antr/p/l/gi,ge/grai dan sebagainya4

•

r/duk b/leh dik/mersialkan •r/duk b/leh dik/mersialkan

•Menjalankan enyelidikan,embangunan dan tekn/l/gi

•Menjalankan enyelidikan danembangunan

•Manusia sebagai pusat masalah •Manusia sebagai pusat masalah

•-erasaskan te/ri dan m/del sainsundamental

•-erasaskan te/ri dan m/del sainss/sial


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Pereka cipta

• 1a man (the* ,ere all men) had to ha3e o'tained a patent orapplied 4or a patent5

• 1 +omeone ,ho6s the 4irst to think o4 or make something5• 1An*one ,ho6s in3ol3ement and contri'ution ,as essential to

the de3elopment o4 the in3ention5

• 1+omeone ,ho creates or produces an original de3ice" idea orprocess5• -anakala &o'el e-useum mende4inisikan pereka cipta

se'agai7• 1An in3entor is someone ,ho makes or produces things and

o'ects 4or the 4irst time through the use o4 the imagination or

o4 ingenious thinking and e8periment5• 1An in3entor is a person ,hich creates ne, in3entions"

t*picall* mechanical or electrical machines or others de3ices o4practical use5.


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Eksperimen 9 Pem'angunan Produk

• Produk Tempoh

eksperimen

•Anti'iotik :0 tahun

• ;ip :0 tahun

• Kopi segera 22 tahun

• Pen mata 'ola < tahun


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Katalis Reka cipta

• -urvival dan ga*a hidup mas*arakat

• +istem pendidikan

• Penulisan dan 4ilem 4iks*en sains

• Peru'ahan hidup dan keperluan semasa• !akat dan kepintaran manusia

• -en*elesaikan masalah 9 R9

• Faktor4aktor alam (gempa 'umi" 'anir" tsunami dll)

• Keka*aan +um'er alam

• Penguasaan dan persaingan


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44e are building airplanes, not cement

walks. If you want to build cementsidewalks, then you can do away with

engineering. 5ust mi" the materials, pour

them into a form and collect your money.

#ut if you want to build and sell airplanes,

you first have to create them. That takes

research and development, and testing, and

engineering.66Claire -"tedt2 *irst 3oein"


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Pertandingan Reka Cipta

• ammcher -chlemmer -earch or /nvention (ontest, 0.- • 1ational /nvention (ontest or 2ids , 0.- • 3erman /nternational /nvention -how, 1uremberg • Taipei /nternational /nvention -how 4 Technomart • -ydney -tar /nvention (ontest, Australia• -tudent /nvention (ontest, -outh 2orea• Alabama /nventors Open (ontest, 0.- • !nergy /nventions (ontest, 0.- • 1ational /nvention (ontest, 5anila, )hilipines• !uropean 0nion (ontest for 6oung -cientist • British /nvention -how

• 7emelson * 5/T pri8e• )/7/)- 6oung /nventors (hallenge• -eoul /nternational /nvetion air, -outh 2orea• An /nternational /nvention, /nnovation, Technology !xhibition and

(ompetition, 5alaysia #/T!9&• )ameran :eka abentuk 3raduan /nstitusi )enga+ian Tinggi


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=ene3a International E8hi'ition o4 In3entions" +,it>erland


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?arta Intelek (IP)

Arie4 (2002) men*atakan 'aha,a harta intelektualmenurut undangundang ciptaan mempun*aiempat elemen penting iaitu7

; +ekumpulan hak *ang di'eri oleh undang

undang seperti hak cipta" tanda niaga" paten"reka 'entuk perindustrian dan se'again*a. ; ?ak terse'ut disa'itkan pada maklumat atau

idea *ang digam'arkan dalam 'arang ciptaandan 'ukan pada 'arang ciptaan terse'ut.

; -aklumat atau idea itu mestilah telah di>ahirkandalam 'arang ciptaan. ; Ia 'ertuuan untuk melindungi hasil usaha

pencipta terutaman*a dalam knteks ekonomi.


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%ndangundang IP

• Di Mala$sia2 terdapat empat 5enisperlind%n"an harta intelekt%al iait%=

; kta Cap Da"an"an >?@A

; kta Paten >?B ; kta ?B@

; kta Reka 3ent%k Perind%strian >??A

; kta Pet%n5%k 0eo"rai EEE ; kta Reka 3net%k %s%n t%r /itar

3ersepad% EEE


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.RI0MI C-// P

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