regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. control of development of phage spo1 by changing sigma...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes
![Page 2: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors
![Page 3: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Transcription factorsregulate rates oftranscription
![Page 4: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Activation of transcription by allostery
![Page 5: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cooperative binding of transcription factors
![Page 6: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Cooperative effect of binding of transcription factors
![Page 7: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Structure of the E. coli lac operon
Examples: the E. coli lac operon
![Page 8: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Transcription of the lac operonis affected by lactose andglucose
![Page 9: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Figure 14.7b Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)
![Page 10: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Figure 14.7a Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)
Diauxie
![Page 11: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Figure 14.7c Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)
Catabolite repression CAP = catabolite activator protein
Transport of glucose dephosphorylates protein IIAGlc.Protein IIAGlc also inhibits lactose permease.
![Page 12: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Lac operon sequences covered by RNA polymerase and transcription factors
![Page 13: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Contact between RNA polymerase and the cataboliteactivator protein (CAP)
CAP recruits RNA polymerase to the lac promoter
![Page 14: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Carboxy terminal domain Non- template domain
![Page 15: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
CAP binds to DNA as a homodimer via a helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif
CTD of RNA polymerase
DNA
CAP
![Page 16: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
cAMP induces conformational changes in CAP
CAP only binds to DNA in the presence of cAMP
Note: CAP affects expression of more than 100 genes inE. coli
![Page 17: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Lac repressor binds as a tetramer
![Page 18: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Reagents used in transcription from the lac promoter
![Page 19: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Transcription factorsregulate rates oftranscription
![Page 20: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Activation of transcription by allostery
![Page 21: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Allosteric control of transcription
Examples: transcription factors NtrC and MerR
NtrC induces a conformational change in the RNA polymeraseby interacting with sigma 54
![Page 22: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
MerR induces a conformational change in the DNA promoter regionwhen bound to mercury
Simultaneous binding of RNA polymerase and MerR
![Page 23: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Depending on the presence of arabinose, AraC binds to different sites on the DNA
The araBAD operon is regulated by cooperative binding oftranscription factor AraC
CAP binding site
![Page 24: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Example: Regulation of the lytic and lysogenic infection cycle of bacteriophage lambda
![Page 25: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The circularized genome of bacteriophage lambda
![Page 26: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Region of the lambda genome that controls lytic andlysogenic growth
![Page 27: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Promoter activities during lytic and lysogenic growth
Strong promoters
Weak promoter
![Page 28: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Binding sites for CI and Cro
CI binding sitesCro binding site
![Page 29: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Binding of CI and Cro regulate growth of lambda
Cooperative binding
![Page 30: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Repressor establishment upon infection is mediatedby activator CII
![Page 31: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The level of activator CII controls transcription of repressor CI and of the integrase gene
Poor growth conditionsand high lambda concentrationlead to elevated concentrationsof CII
![Page 32: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Antiterminator proteins N and Q control transcription ofearly genes
![Page 33: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Antiterminator proteins N and Q control transcription ofearly genes
Binding site of Q protein
N binds to the RNA transcribed from BoxA/B
![Page 34: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Transcripts from PI and PL have different 3’ ends that confer different mRNA stability
![Page 35: Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes. Control of development of phage SPO1 by changing sigma factors](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649d195503460f949ee903/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Transcripts from PI and PL have different 3’ ends that confer different stabilities to mRNA