Nombre: ______________________________ Clase: _______ Fecha: ______________________ Español 2 Final Exam Grammar Review

REGULAR PRESENT TENSE:

• Tells what you are doing now • EX: Yo hablo à I speak / I do speak / I’m speaking

-AR VERBS

o amos as áis a an

-ER VERBS

o emos es éis e en

-IR VERBS

o imos es ís e en

BOOT VERBS: In the present tense, these verbs have a change in the stem. NO CHANGE is made for the _nosotros__ or __vosotros___ forms!

Types of changes: e > __ie___ e > __i__ o > __ue__ u > __ue_

EX: Poder – to be able to / can

Puedo Podemos

Puedes Podéis

Puede Pueden

“GO” VERBS: In the present tense, there are some verbs that end in -GO but only in the _YO__!

EX: Poner – to put

Oír – yo _______oigo________ (I hear) Decir – yo _____digo________ (I say/tell) Hacer– yo _____hago_______ (I do/make) Salir– yo ______salgo_______ (I leave) Traer– yo _____traigo________ (I bring) Tener – yo ____tengo________ (I have) Venir – yo ____vengo_________(I come)

pongo ponemos

pones ponéis

pone ponen

REFLEXIVE VERBS: With these verbs, the action reflects back to the speaker. Reflexive verbs end in the

letters - __SE______ Reflexive Pronouns:

Step 1: Chop off the __se____ Step 2: Choose the correct pronoun: Step 3: Place the pronoun Before the verb Step 4: Conjugate the rest of the verb

*** If you have 2 verbs together (V1+V2), conjugate the 1st verb but leave the 2nd verb in the infinitive… BUT ALWAYS take care of the -SE

EX: I need to wash my face. _Necesito lavarme la cara._

Me Nos

Te Os

Se e

Bañarse – to bathe

Me baño Nos bañamos

Te bañas Os bañáis

Se baña Se bañan

Reverse Construction Verbs: These verbs are used with IOPs and ONLY have ___2___ forms (singular and plural). *What changes the verbs is the __ thing or things ___ you like!)

Gustar à “to like” / to be pleasant to Encantar à to love / to be delighted by Fascinar à to be fascinated by Faltar à to lack / not have

Interesar à to be interested by/in Molestar à to be annoyed/bothered by Importar à to matter to / care about Disgustar à to dislike

Present tense: Me gusta / Me gustan = I like Preterite tense: Me gustó / Me gustaron = I liked Imperfect tense: Me gustaba / Me gustaban = I used to like

Imperfect Past tense: Tells what you Used to do or what you Were Doing

• Ongoing, repeated past actions • Gives background information • Time/Age/Dates/Weather/Emotions in the past

REGULAR PRETERITE TENSE:

• used to talk about ___ completed past ______ actions • -ed / did… (ex: walked / did walk)

-AR verbs:

é amos aste asteis

ó aron

-ER & -IR verbs: í imos

iste isteis ió ieron

-CAR / -GAR / -ZAR preterites: use –AR endings: à é, aste, ó, amos, asteis, aron

• The change is made only in the ______ YO _____ form!

-car à _qué__ (ej: Yo __saqué________ una buena nota. / (sacar) I got a good grade.

-gar à _ gué _ (ej: Yo __ llegué _______ tarde a la clase. / (llegar) I arrived to class late.

-zar à __ cé _ (ej: Yo __ almorcé ______ en la cafetería ayer. / (almorzar) I had lunch in the cafeteria yesterday.

There are only 3 irregulars:

Ir - yo ____iba_________ (used to go / was going)

Ser - yo __era_________ (used to be / was)

Ver - yo __veía________ (used to see / was seeing)

AR verbs

aba ábamos abas abais aba aban

ER & IR verbs ía íamos ías íais ía ían

IRREGULAR PRETERITES #1:

Ir- go Ser- be Dar - give

Ver - see

went was/were gave saw

Fui Fuiste Fue Fuimos Fuisteis Fueron

Fui Fuiste Fue Fuimos Fuisteis Fueron

Di Diste Dio Dimos Disteis Dieron

Vi Viste Vio Vimos Visteis Vieron

IRREGULAR PRETERITES #2: -UV verbs UVasàAndar à anduv- (walked) Tener à tuv- (had) Estar à estuv- (was)

IRREGULAR PRETERITES #3: -U stems

“I knew I was able (saber) (poder) to put soup on the table.” (poner) (sup-)

Saber àsup- (knew/found out) Poderà pud- (was able/could) Poner àpus- (put/set/placed)

IRREGULAR PRETERITES #4: -J verbs Wine & Cheese verbs

Conducir à _conduj-_ Venirà _vin-_ (drove) (came)

Producir à _produj-_ Querer à _quis-__ (produced) (wanted)

Decir à _ dij-____ (said/told)

Traer à _ traj-____ (brought)

3rd PERSON PRETERITE STEM CHANGERS (*I will survive song!)

__o __à u __: (dormir, morir) __e__à_ i ___: (pedir, servir, medir)

Hacer – to do / make à _ DID__ / __MADE__

-Y verbs: 3rd person spelling change = _i__ à _y_ (*Note accents!)

____oír_______à to hear = heard

____creer______à to believe/think = believed/thought

____leer_______ àto read = read

ATE

eimosisteisteis

oieron

tuvo tuvieron

tuviste tuvisteis

tuve tuvimos

eimosisteisteis

oieron

eimosisteisteis

o*eron

eimosisteisteis

oieron

durmió durmieron

dormiste dormisteis

dormí dormimos

oyó

oyeron

oíste oísteis

oí

oímos

eimosisteisteis

oieron

*hizo hicieron

hiciste hicisteis

hice hicimos

íímosísteísteis

yóyeron