Regional Energy Integration Commission

CIERCIER Argentine Committee

CACIER

Executive Secretary, CACIEREster Beatriz Fandiño

THE ROLE OF TRADE AND MARKETS IN ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE AND

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

ICTSD SYMPOSIUM AT COP 16

CancúnDecember 8-9/2010

Latin America IntegratedMapa Nº 1

Principales Redes de Gasoductos existentes y proyectados

Fuente: Tomado de Petroleum Economist.

70

200380

300

244

2.050

2.100

60

30200

300

150

400

100

150

220

ExistentesUnder study

ExistenteUnder study

Main pipelines Main pipelines plannedplanned

Electrical Electrical interconnections in Latin interconnections in Latin

America (MW)America (MW)

Main CIER 02 ResultsPeru-Ecuador-Colombia-Venezuela

0

50

100

150

200

250

Perú Ecuador Colombia Venezuela

M US$

Ref

Caso A

Caso B

Ref Caso A Caso B

De Para (MW) (MW) (MW)

Perú Ecuador 0.0 200.0 400.0

Ecuador Colombia 0.0 200.0 400.0

Colombia Venezuela 0.0 500.0 1000.0

Sistema

Operating costs

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Perú Ecuador Colombia Venezuela

US$/MWh

Ref

Caso A

Caso B

Peru – Ecuador – Colombia - VenezuelaInterconnection boundaries

The reduction of operating costs in Peru, Ecuador and Colombia were substantial in case A, while the operating cost increased in Venezuela.

CIER 02 Main ResultsBrazil-Argentina-Paraguay-Uruguay

-

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

400.00

450.00

500.00

Brasil - SE Brasil - Sul Brasil -Nordeste

Brasil - Norte Argentina -Mercado

Argentina -Comahue

Uruguai

K$/M

Wh

Ref

Caso A

-

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

Brasil - SE Brasil - Sul Brasil -Nordeste

Brasil - Norte Argentina -Mercado

Argentina -Comahue

Uruguai

$/M

Wh

Ref

Caso A

Annual Average of annual marginal costs

System Ref. Case A

From For (MW) (MW)Argentina-Me Brazil-S 2000 2000Argentina-Me Brazil – SE 1000 2000Argentina-Me Uruguay 1000 2500Argentina-Me Paraguay 3000 3000Brasil – S Uruguay 0 500Brasil-SE Paraguay 6300 6300

Brazil-Argentina-Paraguay-Uruguay – interconnection boundariesOperating Costs

The graph shows the operating costs of each country for the different interconnection scenarios. The operating cost for Paraguay is considered nil since all the demand is supplied through Itaipu y Yacyretá.

CIERs view 2010:

As developing countries, our objective in Latin America is to move towards higher development levels, while achiving greater efficiency in carbon and emission avoidance..

As you all know, it will be difficult the shift to a low emissions path to economic growth for most of the developing countries. However, an easily integrated electric sectorintegrated electric sector in the region will take advantage of the potential provided by hydroelectricity and complementary regimes of each system when consider isolated, and provide a quite clean support for economic development and poverty eradication. The de-coupling of conventional economic growth and emissions is possible in Latin America with an “integrated electricity infraestructure”“integrated electricity infraestructure”

CIERs view 2010:

We need a better comprehension for our productive electricity features as far as the Flexible Mechanisms is concerned. We also need financial resources –quite different from development aids- and technology transfer.

In these terms there is a big gap for efficiency to improve intensity and economic output for each unit of carbon emission.

Main Results CIER 15

ProjectDate Ben. Oper. Ben. Emis. Cost IBC

Year (MUS$/year) (ktCO2/year) (MUS$/year) (p.u.)

Economies of Scale

PE – BR Inambari 2015 342.0 1 N/C 2 210.0 1.6

BO - BR C. Esperanza 2015 102.0 1 N/C 2 71.0 1.4

Operating Security and opportunity exchange

Central America SIEPAC II 2016 42.0 0.22 44.4 0.95

PE - EC   2010 21.0 0.22 N/C 3 N/C

BO - PE   2014 7.7 4 N/C 5.8 1.3

AR - PY - BR   2014 300.0 0.51 54.0 5.6

Use of infrastructure 

BR – AR   2010 340.0 0.51 220.0 5 1.5

CH - AR   2015 Technically non viable

PY - AR - CH   2011 208.0 1.50 70.0 3.0

Operating Security and energy exports

CO – PA   2014 20.5 0.23 18.4 1.1

BR – UY   2013 88.0 0.44 29.3 3.0

BO – CH   2014 66.0 0.64 2.7 24.4

Total 1537.2 4.27 726

Remarks: 1 – Benefit calculated as the difference between the cost of the hydroelectric plant and the marginal cost of generation in the long term in Brazil; 2 – Amount not calculated due to uncertainty regarding the simulation of the hydroelectric plant in Brazil; 3– Information on transmission reinforcements not available. 4 –Due to uncertainty regarding systems operation, congestion entry in the interconnection was used as a proxy for operating costs reduction. 5 – Investment cost values and ICB for the BR-AR for the project were calculated on the basis of annual payment reported by the investors.

Participation of non-emission sources(EF)

Wind, biomass, geothermal, small hydroelectric and nuclear stations

Wind, biomass, geothermal, small hydroelectric and nuclear stations

CIER Position Paper COP16

Points of consensus to address : LA electric region is “quite clean” in terms of GHG

emissions, due to the past efforts, and the expansion axes of our capacity for generation are hydroelectricity, thermal generation based on natural gas – with the alternative of LNG- and non conventional renewable energies (NCRE).

Thus, LAC is able to contribute to the achievement of the reduction targets. For that, we ask to supportwe ask to support the following measures:

CIER Position Paper COP16

Points of consensus to address (cont):

1. Perform prospective hydrological studies to face greater variability of future flows

2. Promote better understanding of the benefits of hydroelectric projects and its dams for multiple mitigation purposes and Climate Change effects (floods & droughts)

3. Support NAMA’s mitigation mechanisms & technological transfer. Includes CO2 capture/CCS

CIER Position Paper COP16

Points of consensus to address (cont):

4. Special considerations for the emissions of the thermoelectric stations needed for security & complementary to the generation matrix of the CIER countries, (focusing the trends to minimize the operating periods of thermoelectric facilities)

5. The negotiations must avoid making commitments that result in electric energy rate increases to consumers of the CIER region.

CIER Position Paper COP16

Last, but not least: Advocate for the continuity of CDM provided for

Kyoto, with new improvements to:

– Better comprehension of hydro matrix & benefits.

– Enforce Energy Integration as a strategic contribution to GHG reduction (Project CIER 15 identified 12 projects to increase cross border transactions with environmental benefits of 7.8 millions tons CO2 avoided per year).

– Promote improvements in the approval process of CDM project, for instance: agility and transaction costs.

Thank you !

CIERCIER

www.cier.org.uy

CACIER:CACIER:

www.cacier.com.ar

Ester FandiñoEster Fandiño

www.esterfandino.com.ar