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ELEMENTS OF

MECHANICALENGINEERING

K J INSTITUTE OFENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY-BYSIDDHARTH BEDARKER

DEEPAK SHUKLA


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Refrigeration & Air ConditioningRefrigeration & Air Conditioning

Introduction

Type of refrigeration

Refr

i gera

tion&

AC


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IntroductionIntroduction

How does

it work?

Refrigeration

and airconditioning

is sed to

coo! "rodctsor a #i!ding

en$iron%ent&

Refr

i gera

tion&

AC

High Temperature Reservoir

Low Temperature Reservoir

R Work Input

Heat Asored

Heat Re!ected


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Therma" energy moves from "eft to right through five

"oops of heat transfer#

How does it work?Refr

i gera

tion&

AC

(Brea of Energ) Efficienc)* 2++',

$%Indoor air

"oop

%

Chi""ed

water "oop

'%

Refrigerant

"oop

(%

Condenser

water "oop

)%

Coo"ing

water "oop


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*ma"" capacity modu"ar units of directe+pansion type ,)- Tons of Refrigeration%

Centra"i.ed chi""ed water p"ants with

chi""ed water as a secondary coo"ant,)- /

)- TR%

0rine p"ants with rines as "ower

temperature1 secondary coo"ant ,2)- TR%

Refrigeration systems for industria"

processesRefr

i gera

tion&

AC


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.

Training Agenda# Refrigeration &Training Agenda# Refrigeration &

Air ConditioningAir Conditioning

Introduction

Type of refrigeration

Types 3f Air Conditioner

Refr

i gera

tion&

AC


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Types of RefrigerationTypes of Refrigeration

4apour CompressionRefrigeration ,4CR%# uses

mechanica" energy

4apour Asorption Refrigeration

,4AR%# uses therma" energy

Refrigeration systemsRefr

i gera

tion&

AC


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Type of RefrigerationType of Refrigeration

4apour Compression RefrigerationRefr

i gera

tion&

AC

High"y compressed f"uids tend to get

co"der when a""owed to e+pand

If pressure high enough

Compressed air hotter than source

of coo"ing

5+panded gas coo"er than desired

co"d temperature


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i gera

tion&

AC

Two advantages

Lot of heat can e removed ,"ot of

therma" energy to change "i6uid to

vapour%

Heat transfer rate remains high,temperature of working f"uid much

"ower than what is eing coo"ed%


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i gera

tion&

AC

Refrigeration cyc"e

Condenser

5vaporator

High

7ressure

*ide

Low

7ressure

*ide

Compressor5+pansion

8evice

$

'

(


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4apour Compression Refrigeration/Refr

igera

tion&

AC

Refrigeration cyc"e

Low pressure "i6uidrefrigerant in evaporator

asors heat and

changes to a gas

Condenser

5vaporator

High

7ressure

*ide

Low

7ressure

*ide

Compressor5+pansion

8evice

$

'

(


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i gera

tion&

AC

Refrigeration cyc"e

The superheated vapourenters the compressor

where its pressure is

raised

Condenser

5vaporator

High

7ressure

*ide

Low

7ressure

*ide

Compressor5+pansion

8evice

$

'

(


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i gera

tion&

AC

Refrigeration cyc"e

The high pressure

superheated gas iscoo"ed in severa" stages

in the condenser

Condenser

5vaporator

High

7ressure

*ide

Low

7ressure

*ide

Compressor5+pansion

8evice

$

'

(


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1'



i geration&

AC

Refrigeration cyc"e

Li6uid passes through e+pansion

device1 which reduces its

pressure and contro"s the f"ow

into the evaporator

Condenser

5vaporator

High

7ressure

*ide

Low

7ressure

*ide

Compressor5+pansion

8evice

$

'

(


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1



i gera

tion&

AC

Type of refrigerant

Refrigerant determined y the

re6uired coo"ing temperature

Ch"orinated f"uorocarons ,C9Cs% or

freons# R:$$1 R:$1 R:$1 R: and R:)-


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i gera

tion&

AC

Choice of compressor1 design of

condenser1 evaporator determined y Refrigerant

Re6uired coo"ing

Load 5ase of maintenance

7hysica" space re6uirements

Avai"ai"ity of uti"ities ,water1 power%


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4apour Asorption RefrigerationRefr

i gera

tion&

AC

Condenser ;enerator

5vaporator

AsorerCo"d

*ide

Hot

*ide


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i gera

tion&

AC

5vaporator


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1



i gera

tion&

AC

Asorer


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2+



i gera

tion&

AC

High pressure generator


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i gera

tion&

AC

Condenser


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Training Agenda# Refrigeration &Training Agenda# Refrigeration &

Air ConditioningAir Conditioning

Introduction

Type of refrigerationType Of Air Conditioner

Refr

i gera

tion&

AC


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An air conditioning system is an assembly of dierentpart of the system used produce a specied condition ofair within a require space or building.

The basic elements of air conditioning system:--

Fans : For circulation of air

Filters : For cleaning air

Heating lements : Heating of air!"t may be electricheater # steam # hot water.

$ontrol %ystem : "t regulates automatically the amountof cooling or heating.

&rill : "t ad'ust the direction of the conditioned air to theroom.

Tray : "t collects condensed water.

(efrigerating )lant : pro*ide cooling . "t consist ofcompressor+generator andabsorber#e*eporator#condensor#e,pansion

de*ice!capallary tube.

Air Conditioning *ystemRefr

i gera

tion&

AC


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2'

Types 3f Air ConditionerTypes 3f Air Conditioner

Refr

i gera

tion&

AC

Window Air Conditioner

*p"it Air Conditioners


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Window Air ConditionerRefr

i gera

tion&

AC


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or/ing:--The air circulation !te" o# the $in%o$ air con%itionerco"&rie o# the #ollo$in' &art (&leae re#er )' * + ,-.

0 1lower:Thi i the "all 0lo$er that i )tte% 0ehin% the e1a&oratoror coolin' coil ini%e the ae"0l! o# the $in%o$ air con%itioner!te". The 0lo$er uc2 the air #ro" the roo" $hich )rt &ae o1erthe air )lter an% 'et )ltere%. The air then &ae o1er the coolin' coilan% 'et chille%. The 0lo$er then 0lo$ thi )ltere% an% chille% air3$hich &ae throu'h the u&&l! air co"&art"ent ini%e the $in%o$ aircon%itioner ae"0l!. Thi air i then %eli1ere% into the roo" #ro" theu&&l! air 'rill o# the #ront &anel.

2 )ropeller fan or the condenser fan:The con%ener #an i the#orce% %ra#t t!&e o# &ro&eller #an that uc2 the at"o&heric air an%

0lo$ it o1er the con%ener. The hot re#ri'erant ini%e the con%ener'i1e u& the heat to the at"o&heric air an% it te"&erature re%uce.

3 Fan motor:The "otor ini%e the $in%o$ air con%itioner ae"0l!i locate% 0et$een the con%ener an% the e1a&orator coil. It ha %ou0leha#t on one i%e o# $hich the 0lo$er i )tte% an% on the other i%e thecon%ener #an i )tte%. Thi "a2e the $hole ae"0l! o# the 0lo$er3the con%ener #an an% the "otor hi'hl! co"&act.

2.


Window Air ConditionerRefri

gera

tion&

AC


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S&lit Air Con%itioner

The S&lit Air Con%itioner %i1i%e% in t$o&art455

(6-Firt &art45Inclu%e thee1a&orator3)lter3e1a&orator #an an% 'rill.

The! &lace% ini%e the roo".(7-Secon% &art45Inclu%e Con%enor

3#an3co"&reor.Thi &lace% out i%e theroo".%ia"eter tu0e.there#ore3"all hole

r8uire% in $all o# intallation o# &lit aircon%ition.The &lit air con%itionin' unitare a1aila0le in ca&acit! ran'e o# 6 to 9ton.

2/


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:ORKING OF S;LIT AC

CONDITIONER

Te #an#!o air o$er te coi!s to i%"ro$e teir a#i!it) todissi"ate eat (to te otside air, and co!d (to te roo% #eingcoo!ed,&

4en )o get into !arger air-conditioning a""!ications* its ti%e

to start !oo5ing at s"!it-s)ste% nits& A s"!it-s)ste% air

conditioner s"!its te ot side fro% te co!d side of te s)ste%*

as in te diagra% #e!o&


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Te co!d side* consisting of tee6"ansion $a!$e and te co!d coi!*

is genera!!) "!aced into a frnaceor

so%e oter air and!er& Te air

and!er #!os air trog te coi!

and rotes te air trogot te

#i!ding sing a series of dcts&

Te ot side* 5non as te

condensing nit* !i$es otside te

#i!ding&
http://home.howstuffworks.com/home-improvement/heating-and-cooling/furnace-maintenance.htmhttp://home.howstuffworks.com/home-improvement/heating-and-cooling/furnace-maintenance.htm


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3+

Te nit consists of a !ong* s"ira!

coi! sa"ed !i5e a c)!inder& Inside

te coi! is a fan* to #!o air trog

te coi!* a!ong it a eater-resistant co%"ressor and so%e

contro! !ogic& Tis a""roac as

e$o!$ed o$er te )ears #ecase it7s

!o-cost* and a!so #ecase it

nor%a!!) res!ts in redced noise

inside te ose (at te e6"ense of

increased noise otside te ose,&

8ter tan te fact tat te ot and

co!d sides are s"!it a"art and teca"acit) is iger (%a5ing te coi!s

and co%"ressor !arger,* tere7s no

difference #eteen a s"!it-s)ste%

and a indo air conditioner
http://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/weather.htmhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/weather.htm


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Re#erence

tt"9::o%e&ostffor5s&co%:ac3&t%


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Refrigeration & AirRefrigeration & Air

Conditioning *ystemsConditioning *ystems

THA3THA3

93R >3R ATT5

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