reform and a new american culture u.s. history chapter 15

Reform and a New Reform and a New American CultureAmerican Culture

U.S. HistoryU.S. History

Chapter 15Chapter 15

The Reforming SpiritThe Reforming Spirit

Social reformSocial reform is an is an organized organized attempt to attempt to improve what improve what is unjust or is unjust or imperfect in imperfect in societysociety

Second Great Second Great AwakeningAwakening The religious The religious

movement movement that stressed that stressed free will free will rather than rather than predestinatiopredestinationn

Second Great Second Great AwakeningAwakening

Individuals Individuals could choose could choose to save their to save their souls by their souls by their own actionsown actions

Revivals: huge Revivals: huge outdoor outdoor meetingsmeetings

Hospital ReformHospital Reform

Dorothea Dix Dorothea Dix found people with found people with mental illness mental illness were jailed as were jailed as criminalscriminals

Dix persuaded Dix persuaded legislators to legislators to treat insanity as treat insanity as illness instead of illness instead of a crimea crime

Prison ReformPrison Reform

Dix also found Dix also found overcrowding in overcrowding in prisons and prisons and prisoners serving prisoners serving lengthy sentences lengthy sentences for minor crimesfor minor crimes

Debtors: people Debtors: people who cannot pay who cannot pay the money they the money they oweowe

Temperance Temperance MovementMovement Campaign against Campaign against

alcohol abusealcohol abuse Alcohol abuse was Alcohol abuse was

seen as most seen as most serious social serious social problem, leading problem, leading to child abuse and to child abuse and the break up of the break up of familiesfamilies

Temperance Temperance MovementMovement Maine Laws Maine Laws

banned the banned the sale of sale of alcoholalcohol

Carrie NationCarrie Nation

Improving EducationImproving Education

1814: New York 1814: New York passed law passed law requiring tax-requiring tax-supported school supported school districtsdistricts

By 1850, public By 1850, public elementary schools elementary schools were built in most were built in most northern statesnorthern states

Improving EducationImproving Education

Thomas GalludetThomas Galludet helped improve helped improve education for education for people with people with disabilitiesdisabilities

Opened a school Opened a school for the deaffor the deaf

Abolitionist MovementAbolitionist Movement

Campaign to Campaign to end slaveryend slavery

Religious Religious beliefs led beliefs led some some Americans to Americans to oppose slaveryoppose slavery

Abolitionist MovementAbolitionist Movement

Abolitionists Abolitionists wanted to wanted to end slavery end slavery completely in completely in the U.S.the U.S.

Colonization Colonization MovementMovement American American

Colonization Colonization SocietySociety proposed to end proposed to end slavery by slavery by setting up an setting up an independent independent colony in Africa colony in Africa for freed slaves.for freed slaves.

Opposition to AbolitionOpposition to Abolition

In both North and In both North and South, some people South, some people saw abolition as a saw abolition as a threat to their threat to their economic livelihoodeconomic livelihood

Southern economy Southern economy was was dependent on dependent on cotton plantationscotton plantations

Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad

Network of black Network of black and white and white abolitionists who abolitionists who secretly helped secretly helped slaves escape to slaves escape to freedom in the freedom in the North or CanadaNorth or Canada

Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad

Runaway slaves Runaway slaves could be returned could be returned to their owners if to their owners if they stayed in they stayed in northern statesnorthern states

Free States vs. Free States vs. Slave States: Iowa Slave States: Iowa was free state was free state farthest westfarthest west

Seeking Equal RightsSeeking Equal Rights

Involvement in Involvement in the abolitionist the abolitionist movement movement caused many caused many women to join women to join struggle for struggle for women’s rightswomen’s rights

Seeking Equal RightsSeeking Equal Rights

Women had few Women had few rights in mid-rights in mid-1800s1800s

A working A working woman’s wages woman’s wages belonged to her belonged to her husbandhusband

Seneca Falls Seneca Falls ConventionConvention

Delegates passed Delegates passed resolutions resolutions demanding demanding equality for equality for womenwomen

““all men all men and and women are women are created equal”created equal”

Seneca Falls Seneca Falls ConventionConvention

Education was Education was key to equality; key to equality; women could women could now study math now study math and medicineand medicine

Resolutions to Resolutions to educate the educate the whole societywhole society

New CareersNew Careers

Women found jobs Women found jobs in careers reserved in careers reserved previously for menpreviously for men

Elizabeth BlackwellElizabeth Blackwell was the first woman was the first woman to earn a medical to earn a medical degree and degree and become become a licensed doctora licensed doctor

ArtArt

Before 1800,Before 1800, European painting European painting traditions influencedtraditions influenced the American the American painting stylespainting styles

Mid-1800s, Mid-1800s, American artists American artists began developing began developing their own stylestheir own styles

ArtArt

Hudson River Hudson River School in New School in New York produced York produced artists who artists who painted scenes painted scenes of American life of American life and landscapesand landscapes

LiteratureLiterature

DemocracyDemocracy was a was a common theme common theme in the poetry of in the poetry of Walt WhitmanWalt Whitman

Henry David Henry David ThoreauThoreau wrote wrote about nature and about nature and simple living: simple living: WaldenWalden


Transcendentalists Transcendentalists believed the most believed the most important truths in life important truths in life transcended, or went transcended, or went beyond, human reason.beyond, human reason.

Individualism or “inner Individualism or “inner light” to guide lives and light” to guide lives and improve society – Ralph improve society – Ralph Waldo EmersonWaldo Emerson


““If a man does not If a man does not keep pace with his keep pace with his companions, companions, perhaps it is perhaps it is because he hears a because he hears a different drummer. different drummer. Let him step to the Let him step to the music he hears.” music he hears.” Thoreau in Thoreau in WaldenWalden

Literature: NovelsLiterature: Novels

The Legend of The Legend of Sleepy HollowSleepy Hollow: : Washington IrvingWashington Irving

The Last of the The Last of the MohicansMohicans: James : James Fenimore CooperFenimore Cooper

Moby DickMoby Dick: : Herman MelvilleHerman Melville

Literature: New Literature: New AuthorsAuthors Women and Women and

African American African American writerswriters

Hardships faced Hardships faced by slaves, by slaves, widows, orphanswidows, orphans

William Wells, William Wells, ClotelClotel

Lessons for Modern Lessons for Modern TimesTimes Martin Luther King Martin Luther King

was influenced by was influenced by Thoreau’s idea of Thoreau’s idea of civil disobediencecivil disobedience

People have right People have right to disobey unjust to disobey unjust laws if their laws if their consciences consciences demand itdemand it

Review QuestionReview Question

What was the religious What was the religious movement that stressed free will movement that stressed free will rather than predestination?rather than predestination?

A.A. Seneca Falls ConventionSeneca Falls Convention

B.B. Hudson River SchoolHudson River School

C.C. Second Great AwakeningSecond Great Awakening


What was the campaign to end What was the campaign to end slavery called?slavery called?

A.A. Abolitionist movementAbolitionist movement

B.B. Social reformSocial reform

C.C. Women’s right movementWomen’s right movement


What was the gathering at which What was the gathering at which delegates passed resolutions delegates passed resolutions demanding equality for women?demanding equality for women?

A.A. Hudson River SchoolHudson River School

B.B. Seneca Falls ConventionSeneca Falls Convention

C.C. Temperance MovementTemperance Movement


What is the organized attempt What is the organized attempt to improve what is unjust in to improve what is unjust in society called?society called?

A.A. Temperance MovementTemperance Movement

B.B. Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad

C.C. Social ReformSocial Reform

Review QuestionReview Question Why did the Underground Why did the Underground

Railroad routes lead through Railroad routes lead through northern states and into Canada?northern states and into Canada?

A.A. Escaped slaves found little Escaped slaves found little support in northern statessupport in northern states

B.B. Runaway slaves could be Runaway slaves could be returned to their owners if they returned to their owners if they stayed in northern statesstayed in northern states

C.C. British ships would help African British ships would help African Americans return to AfricaAmericans return to Africa


What was the campaign against What was the campaign against alcohol abuse?alcohol abuse?

A.A. Abolitionist movementAbolitionist movement

B.B. Temperance movementTemperance movement

C.C. Mothers Against Drunk DrivingMothers Against Drunk Driving


Which BEST summarizes the proposal Which BEST summarizes the proposal of the American Colonization Society?of the American Colonization Society?

A.A. Freed slaves should be resettled in Freed slaves should be resettled in northern statesnorthern states

B.B. Freed slaves should be given their Freed slaves should be given their own territory in the USown territory in the US

C.C. Freed slaves should be allowed to Freed slaves should be allowed to return to Africareturn to Africa


Which was NOT a new Which was NOT a new educational opportunity for educational opportunity for women in the mid-1800s?women in the mid-1800s?

A.A. Studying mathStudying math

B.B. Studying drawingStudying drawing

C.C. Studying medicineStudying medicine


How did the Second Great Awakening How did the Second Great Awakening encourage the spread of social reform?encourage the spread of social reform?

A.A. Its stress on self-improvement led to Its stress on self-improvement led to wish to improve the whole society.wish to improve the whole society.

B.B. Its stress on acceptance of differences Its stress on acceptance of differences led to growth of new religions.led to growth of new religions.

C.C. Its doctrine taught people to rely on Its doctrine taught people to rely on society to solve their problems.society to solve their problems.


Which of the following was an Which of the following was an accomplishment of educational accomplishment of educational reformers in the 1800s?reformers in the 1800s?

A.A. Public elementary schools were built Public elementary schools were built in most northern statesin most northern states

B.B. Public high schools were built in most Public high schools were built in most northern statesnorthern states

C.C. Colleges were created for people with Colleges were created for people with disabilitiesdisabilities


Which of the following was a Which of the following was a result of Dorothea Dix’s efforts at result of Dorothea Dix’s efforts at social reform?social reform?

A.A. Mental illness was treated as a Mental illness was treated as a minor crimeminor crime

B.B. Children were released from Children were released from prisonprison

C.C. Insanity was treated as an illness, Insanity was treated as an illness, not a crimenot a crime


Which of the following does NOT Which of the following does NOT belong among the abuses belong among the abuses Dorothea Dix found in prisons?Dorothea Dix found in prisons?

A.A. Use of debtors as slave laborersUse of debtors as slave laborers

B.B. Overcrowding of prisonersOvercrowding of prisoners

C.C. Lengthy sentences for minor Lengthy sentences for minor crimescrimes


What did temperance groups What did temperance groups view as the most serious social view as the most serious social problem of the 1800s?problem of the 1800s?

A.A. Shortage of mental hospitalsShortage of mental hospitals

B.B. Alcohol abuseAlcohol abuse

C.C. Overcrowded schoolsOvercrowded schools


Why did southerners who owned Why did southerners who owned no slaves defend slavery?no slaves defend slavery?

A.A. They feared job competition from They feared job competition from freed slavesfreed slaves

B.B. The southern economy had The southern economy had become dependent on cotton become dependent on cotton plantationsplantations

C.C. They believed women would also They believed women would also want more rightswant more rights


Which statement best describes the Which statement best describes the beginning of the abolitionist beginning of the abolitionist movement?movement?

A.A. Religious beliefs led some Americans Religious beliefs led some Americans to oppose slaveryto oppose slavery

B.B. Douglass, an escaped slave, Douglass, an escaped slave, published an antislavery newspaperpublished an antislavery newspaper

C.C. Some free African Americans moved Some free African Americans moved to Liberiato Liberia


Which statement best describes the Which statement best describes the beginningbeginning of the abolitionist of the abolitionist movement?movement?

A.A. Religious beliefs led some Americans Religious beliefs led some Americans to oppose slaveryto oppose slavery

B.B. Douglass, an escaped slave, Douglass, an escaped slave, published an antislavery newspaperpublished an antislavery newspaper

C.C. Some free African Americans moved Some free African Americans moved to Liberiato Liberia


Which group benefitted MOST Which group benefitted MOST from Thomas Gallaudet’s reform from Thomas Gallaudet’s reform efforts?efforts?

A.A. The mentally illThe mentally ill

B.B. People with disabilitiesPeople with disabilities

C.C. Free African AmericansFree African Americans


Which of the following themes Which of the following themes was common in the poetry of was common in the poetry of Walt Whitman?Walt Whitman?

A.A. DemocracyDemocracy

B.B. PredestinationPredestination

C.C. Prison reformPrison reform


Henry David Thoreau is best Henry David Thoreau is best known for what literary work?known for what literary work?

A.A. Leaves of GrassLeaves of Grass

B.B. WaldenWalden

C.C. Moby DickMoby Dick


““Let (each person) step to the Let (each person) step to the music he hears.” This quote music he hears.” This quote expresses the belief of which expresses the belief of which literary group?literary group?


B.B. TranscendentalistsTranscendentalists

C.C. PuritansPuritans


““Let (each person) step to the Let (each person) step to the music he hears.” This quote music he hears.” This quote expresses the belief of which expresses the belief of which literary groupliterary group??


B.B. TranscendentalistsTranscendentalists

C.C. PuritansPuritans


What was a central influence on What was a central influence on the styles of American painters the styles of American painters before 1800?before 1800?

A.A. Frontier lifeFrontier life

B.B. Growth of the cityGrowth of the city

C.C. European painting traditionsEuropean painting traditions


What was a central influence on What was a central influence on the styles of American painters the styles of American painters beforebefore 1800? 1800?

A.A. Frontier lifeFrontier life

B.B. Growth of the cityGrowth of the city

C.C. European painting traditionsEuropean painting traditions


Which of the following was NOT Which of the following was NOT a favorite subject of American a favorite subject of American artists in the mid-1800s?artists in the mid-1800s?

A.A. City of LondonCity of London

B.B. Rocky MountainsRocky Mountains

C.C. New York StateNew York State


Which of the following was NOT Which of the following was NOT a favorite subject of American a favorite subject of American artists in the artists in the mid-1800smid-1800s??

A.A. City of LondonCity of London

B.B. Rocky MountainsRocky Mountains

C.C. New York StateNew York State


Who wanted to ship free slaves Who wanted to ship free slaves back to Africa as a means to end back to Africa as a means to end slavery?slavery?

A.A. Members of the Quaker religionMembers of the Quaker religion

B.B. Followers of Charles Grandison Followers of Charles Grandison FinneyFinney

C.C. Members of the American Members of the American Colonization SocietyColonization Society


What directly led to 8 states What directly led to 8 states passing “Maine Laws” after passing “Maine Laws” after 1851?1851?

A.A. The temperance movementThe temperance movement

B.B. The Second Great AwakeningThe Second Great Awakening

C.C. The growth of public schoolsThe growth of public schools


Who is the author known for Who is the author known for writing “The Last of the writing “The Last of the Mohicans”?Mohicans”?

A.A. Washington IrvingWashington Irving

B.B. James Fenimore CooperJames Fenimore Cooper

C.C. Emily DickinsonEmily Dickinson


Elizabeth Blackwell is Elizabeth Blackwell is bestbest known for her pioneering known for her pioneering achievements forachievements for

A.A. Becoming a licensed doctorBecoming a licensed doctor

B.B. Opening a high school for girlsOpening a high school for girls

C.C. Speaking against slaverySpeaking against slavery


Which experience caused many Which experience caused many women to join the struggle for women to join the struggle for women’s rights?women’s rights?

A.A. Belief in predestinationBelief in predestinationB.B. Enrollment in the Hudson River Enrollment in the Hudson River

SchoolSchoolC.C. Involvement in the abolitionist Involvement in the abolitionist

movementmovement


Which of the following statements Which of the following statements BEST reflects a key belief of the BEST reflects a key belief of the Second Great Awakening?Second Great Awakening?

A.A. ““Individuals must obey their religious Individuals must obey their religious leaders.”leaders.”

B.B. ““I cannot control my destiny; it has I cannot control my destiny; it has been decided in advance.”been decided in advance.”

C.C. ““I can save my own soul, and my I can save my own soul, and my good works will improve the world.”good works will improve the world.”

reform and a new american culture u.s. history chapter 15

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