‘Referencing your Essay and Understanding the IAA Styleguide’

Deborah Kerr

&

Emma Southon

Referencing your Essay and Understanding the IAA Styleguide

• Where to find the Styleguide

• Referencing FAQs

• How to reference

• How to construct a bibliography

Where is the IAA Styleguide?

www.my.bham.ac.uk

Why reference?

• Academic honesty• Plagiarism• First impressions

– You look lazy– The essay looks bad

• For the marks (up to 33%)

Why use the Styleguide?

• Because you have to

• Easier than making up your own version

• Makes your marker’s life easier!

What needs to be referenced?

• Quotes – primary and secondary

• Embedded quotes– Barratt argues that the perceived change in

Gaius’ behaviour is ‘likely to be the residual effects of the illness,’ but many others disagree with this conclusion (Barratt 1993: 74).

• Longer quotes– As Barrett concludes:

If Caligula was mad, he was not the type of potty eccentric typified by a Ludwig of

Bavaria, but a much more frightening Stalinesque figure, capable of rational decisions, capable of statesman-like acts (when it suited him), but morally neutral, determined to sweep all before him in the pursuit of his own personal ends and ultimately indifferent to the consequences of his actions (Barratt 1993: 241).

• Empirical statements

– As a child Gaius was often affectionately called Caligula by the army, a nickname meaning Little Boots

(Suet, Cal 9).– Preferably to primary literature.

• Paraphrase

– While this may not be representative of actual behaviour, the image of a Roman mother as an authoritarian, a transmitter of traditional morality and an educator is consistent in Roman literary sources

–(Dixon 2001: 6-7).

• To support your argument– Preferably to primary material– The superlative Roman mothers, whose

behaviours were held up as exemplars, are moral guides and active intercessors in their children’s lives

- (Veturia: Livy, 2.39.1-40; Plut, Cor 33-36; Cornelia: Plut, Gaius Gracchus 13; Cicero, Pro Cae 211; Cornelius Nepos, On the Latin Historians Frags 1&2; Atia: Nicolaus of Damascas, Life of Augustus Frag 127; Tac, Dial 28; Suet, Aug 61.2; Aurelia: Tac, Dial 28; Plut, Caesar 7.3; 9).

How many references is too many references?