referencing methods and approaches

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Referencing methods and approaches Dr Karen McAulay

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A talk I gave to our research students about some of the things they should be thinking about when recording and listing references.

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  • 1. Referencing methods andapproachesDr Karen McAulay

2. A groan or a sigh? 3. What do we mean by referencing? Footnotes Bibliography In The Dissertation or in articles/books you might write now orin the future 4. Why? Why does it matter? So your examiners/readers can follow up yoursources books, articles and websites with the minimum fuss! 5. Input / Output 2 distinct stages:- Collecting Codifying / Sharing 6. Input 7. In preparation Dont start your bibliography when you startwriting your text if you havent alreadystarted, begin compiling your bibliographynow. Keep full details of anything you read especially dates and pages. Record place of publication and publishersnames you can decide later how much toinclude depending on the system you choose. 8. Gathering it all in? 9. For your own benefit If something you read strikes a particularchord, keep a brief annotation with thereference itself. This wont go in thebibliography, but might be useful in yourliterature survey or a footnote. 10. Embarras de richesses?French (literally, an embarrassment of riches).More resources, pleasures, etc., than one knows what to do with.http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1O33-embarrasderichesse.html 11. Embrace technology There are various kinds of software to helpyou compile your bibliography. EndNote and RefWorks are commercially-available software We dont subscribe, but Endnote availablewith educational discount as an individual, or Access Refworks through the University of StAndrews. 12. RefWorkshttp://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/library/resources/electronic/ 13. Pros and Cons EndNote and RefWorks are powerful tools Synchronise with web-resources like COPACand even international library catalogues Synchronise with Word Choose citation style and the software does itfor you But quite complex and does need learning. 14. Free shareware Peggy uses Zotero (pronounced Zo-tair-oh) requires you to use Firefox not InternetExplorer. Good for keeping citation details. For saving favourite websites online, manypeople use Delicious but Yahoo is apparentlydropping it, so future uncertain. Diigo is a new social bookmarking tool whichIm experimenting with looks quiteflexible, and portable. 15. Social bookmarking and more Zotero http://www.zotero.org/ Delicious http://www.delicious.com/ Diigo http://www.diigo.com/index 16. Growing Knowledge Take another look at the British Library GrowingKnowledge website more ideas there? http://www.growingknowledge.bl.uk/Tools.aspx 17. Output 18. How? How? Different referencing systems, eg Harvard,Chicago, MHRA Style Guide (Modern HumanitiesResearch Association) RSAMD prefers Harvard system, as recommendedin RSAMD Writing Essays on Music guidelines. Links on Moodle and via RSAMD librarycatalogue; also in how to write PhD books Bottom line consistency 19. Rules are for fools? (and the guidance of the wise) All citation systems: consistency & clarity Agree on a system: get rules & stick to them Basic questions: footnotes or endnotes? If endnotes, at end of chapter or dissertation? Different views on how much info to be given. 20. University of St Andrews Citing References info on St Andrews UniLibrary website http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/library/information/furtherhelp/citingreferences/ 21. Harvard system @Anglia Ruskin University 22. Anglia Ruskin University http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm = good online guide to theHarvard system. 23. Harvard system at Leeds Metropolitan 24. Leeds Metropolitan University http://skillsforlearning.leedsmet.ac.uk/Quote_Unquote.pdf = Quote, Unquote: a guide toHarvard referencing 25. Bibliography Again, decide on a system then stick to it. I was advised only to include items Id referredto in the text. Ask your supervisor if they require only citedmaterials, or additional reading matter too. 26. Actually Compiling the dreaded BibliographyMy own personal method 1. Big Master Bibliography from Day One;2. Started EndNote Bibliography when I began writing up, to keep details of what I had actually cited;3. Used that as basis for the Bibliography that went at the end of my dissertation. (But I didnt use EndNote formatting within Word) 27. Geekiness If you dont have the page no. of a quotation,GoogleBooks can be invaluable. Search for the quotation and find whichpage it was on, even if you cant read the bookonline. Quicker than going back to the library! For accuracy, proofread intensively. If there are mistakes you regularly make, useEdit>Find in Word, to ensure youve caughtand corrected them all. 28. Practical help Look at other peoples dissertations get anidea of what passes muster, and what mightwork for you. Talk to people who have beenthere, done that. If you have any difficulty formatting thedissertation, do speak to IT Trainer JulieHalstead early enough to allow you time toimplement any changes/ improvements. 29. Always darkest before the dawn! 30. The End Thank you Dr Karen McAulay Music & Academic Services Librarian