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Wieland Th, Liiben G, Ottenheyrn H, Faesel J, deVries JX, Konz W, Prox A, Schmid J (1968b) Uber die Inhaltsstoffe des griinen Knollenbliitterpilzes. XXXVI. Antarnanid. Seine Entdeckung, Isolierung, Strukturaufkliirung und Synthese. Angew Chern 80:209-213 (The discovery, isolation, elucidation of structure and synthesis of antarnanide. Angew Chern Int Edn Engl 7:204-208)

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Wieland Th, Jochum Ch, Faulstich H (1969a) Optirnierung der Synthese von Indolyl-2-thioethern aus Derivaten des Tryptophans und des Cysteins. Liebigs Ann Chern 727: 138-142

Wieland Th, Liiben G, Ottenheyrn H, Schiefer H (1969b) iiber die Inhaltsstoffe des griinen Knollenbliitterpilzes. XXXIX. Isolierung und Charakterisierung eines antitoxischen Cy­c1opeptids, Antarnanid, aus der lipophilen Extraktfraktion von Amanita phalloides. Lie­bigs Ann Chern 722:173-178

Wieland Th, Faesel J, Konz W (1969c) Synthesen des Antarnanids. Liebigs Ann Chern 722:197-209

Wieland Th, Birr Ch, Flor F (1969 d) Synthese von Antarnanid mit der Merrifield-Technik. Liebigs Ann Chern 727:130-137

Wieland Th, Faulstich H, Burgerrneister W, Otting W, Mahle W, Shernyakin MM, Ovchin­nikov YuA, Ivanov VI, Malenkov GG (1970) Affinity of antarnanide for sodium ions. FEBS Lett 9:89-92

Wieland Th, Birr Ch, vanDungen A (1971 a) Autornatisierte Synthese von Strukturvarianten des Antarnanids und L-a-Arninobuttersiiure in 1 und 4 Stellung. Liebigs Ann Chern 747:207-212

Wieland Th, vanDungen A, Birr Ch (1971 b) 4Phe-6Val antarnanide, an antitoxic cyclodeca­peptide with C2-symmetry. FEBS Lett 14:299-300

Wieland Th, vanDungen A, Birr Ch (1971 c) Synthese einer antitoxischen Antarnanid-Va­riante mit p-Azidophenylalanin in Stelle 6. Liebigs Ann Chern 752:109-114

Wieland Th, Lapatsanis L, Faesel J, Konz W (1971 d) Synthese von Strukturvarianten des Antarnanids. Liebigs Ann Chern 747:194-206

Wieland Th, Birr Ch, Frodl R, Lochinger W, Stahnke G (1972a) Merrifield-Synthese tyro­sinhaltiger Analoga des Antarnanids. Liebigs Ann Chern 757:136--146

Wieland Th, Faulstich H, Burgerrneister W (1972 b) Antarnanide and analogs. Studies on se­lectivity and stability of complexes. Biochern Biophys Res Cornrnun 47:984-992

Wieland Th, Penke B, Birr Ch (1972 c) AII-o-retro-Antarnanid und o-Tyr6 -all-o-retro-anta­rnanid. Liebigs Ann Chern 759:71-75

Wieland Th, Rietzel C, Seeliger A (1972d) Einige Derivate der phenolischen Seitenkette des Tyrosin5- und Tyrosin6-antarnanids. Liebigs Ann Chern 759:63-70

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Wieland Th, deVries JX, Schiifer A, Faulstich H (1975) Spectroscopic evidence for the inter­action of phalloidin with actin. FEBS Lett 54:73-75

Wieland Th, Abel KJ, Birr Ch (1977 a) Synthese von Disulfid-iiberbriickten Analogen des Antamanids. Liebigs Ann Chern 1977:371-380

Wieland Th, Rohr G, Faulstich H, Zobeley S, Trischmann H (1977b) Austausch von Phe­nylalanin 5, 6, 9 und 10 im Antamanid durch L-Cyclohexylalanin. Liebigs Ann Chern 1977:381-386

Wieland Th, Birr Ch, Zanotti G (1978) L,L-3,6-[Methanothio (2,3-indolo)methano] pipera­zin-2,5-dion, das kleinste Phallotoxinmodell. Angew Chern 90:678-68 (L,L-3,6-[Metha­nothio (2,3-indolo )-methano] piperazine-2,5-dione, the smallest phallotoxin model. Angew Chern Int Edn EngI17:54-55)

Wieland Th, Deboben A, Faulstich H (1980) Components of the green deathcap toadstool Amanita phalloides. 58. Some dithiolanes derived from keto phalloidin as reagents in bio­chemical research. Liebigs Ann Chern 1980:416--424

Wieland Th, Beijer B, Seeliger A, Dabrowski J, Zanotti G, Tonelli AE, Gieren A, Dederer B, Lamm V, Hiidicke E (1981 a) Uber die Inhaltsstoffe des griinen Knollenbliitterpilzes. LIX. Die Raumstruktur der Phallotoxine. Liebigs Ann Chern 1981:2318-2334

Wieland Th, Gotzendorfer Ch, Zanotti G, Vaisius AC (1981 b) The effect of the chemical na­ture of the side chains of amatoxins in the inhibition of eukaryotic RNA polymerase B. Eur J Biochem 117:161-164

Wieland Th, Birr Ch, Vaisius A, Zanotti G (1982) Inhibition of RNA polymerase by analogs of amaninamide. In: Voelter W, Wiinsch E, Ovchinnikov YuA, Ivanov V (eds) Chemistry of peptides and proteins, vol I. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin New York, pp 275-278

Wieland Th, Gotzendorfer Ch, Dabrowski J, Lipscomb WN, Shoham G (1983 a) Unexpected similarity of the structures of the weakly toxic amanitin (S)-sulfoxide and the highly toxic (R)-sulfoxide and sulfone as revealed by proton nuclear magnetic-resonance and x-ray­analysis. Biochemistry 22:1264-1271

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Subject Index

Acetylcholine 5 Acidic phallotoxins, contribution of carbo­

xyl to activity 77 Acrosomal bundles 139 Actin (see also F-actin, G-actin) 65, 75,

101,137,155,162 - at transcription 65 -, barbed end 137 - clusters 148 - critical concentration 137 - distribution in yeast 170 - -felt underneath lipid membrane 147 - filaments and capping proteins 163 - from different sources 135 - G-F equilibrium 136 - overproduction 149 - polymerization, acceleration of 137 - polymerization-depolymerization cycle

158, 160 - polymerization-depolymerization

system 160 - rearragnement in cells 163 IX-Actinin 143 Actinomycin D 116 Adenocarcinoma cells 165 Adenovirus 125 Adrenal fasciculata cells 113 Aldo-amanitin 60 Algal toxins 134 Allium cepa 160 Amanin 20, 80 -, 6' -[3H]-amanin 108 - analogues, synthesis of 99 Amaninamide 20, 35 Amanitaceae 207 Amanita alliacea 30 - bisporigera 11, 30 - brunnescens 30 - citrina 5, 10 - cylindrisporiformis 30 - gemmata 5 - hygroscopica 36 - muscaria 3-5 - mutabilis 30

- ocreata 11 - panther ina 4, 5, 30 - phalloides 10 - phalloides, var. verna 35 - rubescens 207 - strobiliformis 4 - suballiacea 11, 27 - tenuifolia 11 - verna 10,34,207 - virosa 13, 28, 35, 88 Amanita poisoning, historical 2 Amanita research, history of 15 ff. Amanitatoxin 15 IX-Amanitin in serum, determination by

HPLC 29 IX-Amanitin, toxic effects on isolated cells

117 f3-Amanitin 20 - conjugated to bovine serum albumin

104,118 -, X-ray structure analysis 53 y-Amanitin 20,118 E-Amanitin 20 Amanitin and cancer 119 Amanitin-resistant Drosophila 123 Amanullin 20 Amanullinic acid 20 Amatoxin binding proteins 126 Amatoxin binding subunit of RNA-poly-

merases II 108 Amatoxin resistance of fungal RNA poly­

me rases, prokaryotic RNA polymerases 111

Amatoxin resistant mutant cells 121 ff. Amatoxin resistant RNA polymerase II

from mutant Drosophila melanogaster 108

Amatoxin resistant RNA polymerases in riboviruses 125

Amatoxin RNA polymerase II complex 106

Amatoxins 20,37,52,101,104,127,175 - and antamanide 205 - antibodies 109

250

Amatoxins antibody-antigen binding energies 110

- aspartic side chain, contribution to toxic­ity 58

- assay by Inhibition of RNA polymerase 29

- bioassay using lymphocytes 30 - distribution in carpophores 31 Amatoxins, ethers of 63 - in affinity chromatography 65 Amatoxins in virus research 124ff. -, inhibition of RNA synthesis 104 - lethal doses 13 - mechanism of intoxication 104 - newspaper test 14 - nucleolar changes caused by 113 - (R)-sulfoxide structure 53, 80 - resistant carrot cell mutants 123 - resorption by liver 102 - RNA polymerase, inhibition constant vs.

dissociation constant 106 - structure-activity-relationships 55 ff. - structure elucidation 52 ff. - structures of 53 - susceptibility of RNA polymerases from

different origins 111 - symptoms of poisoning 13 - therapy 14 - traces in edible mushrooms 30 (2S, 4R)-2-Amino-4,5-dihydroxyisocaproic

acid ()I, D-dihydroxY-L-leucine, di­hyLeu) 48

(2S)-2-Amino-4-hydroxyisocaproic acid (y-hydroxY-L-leucine, y-hyLeu) 48

(2R,3R)-2-Amino-3-hydroxy-succinic acid (erythro-f3-hydroxY-D-aspartic acid, 13-hyAsp) 48

(2S,3R,4R)-2-Amino-3-methyl-4,5-dihy­droxyvaleric acid ()I,D-dihyIle) 48

(2S,3R,4S)-2-Amino-3-methyl-4-hydroxy­valeric acid (y-hydroxY-L-isoleucine, )1-

hyIle) 48 (2S)-2-Amino-4, 5,5' -trih ydroxyisocaproic

acid (y,D,S -trihydroxY-L-leucine, trihy­Leu) 48

y-Aminobutyric acid 5 L-a-Aminobutyric acid - analogue amatoxin 59 D-Aminolevulinate synthetase 127 D-Aminophalloin 79 Amoeba proteus morphological changes by

phalloidin 160 Antabus 7 Antamanide(=AA) 21,103,156,176,

179, 181 ff.

Subject Index

- analogues 185,190, 194ff. - antagonist to phallotoxins in liver 176,

203 - artificial tripeptides from methanolysis

185 - binding membrane proteins 204 - chemical properties 181 - conformation in aqueous environment

192 - conformations 190,191 - metal-complex stability constants 188 - metal-ion complexes 186 - non-binding to F-actin 176 - protection from phalloidin death 182 - syntheses 185 - water-soluble derivatives 200 Anti-phallotoxin factor in cholestatic

serum 174 Avena mesocotyls, growth inhibition 121 Avian bronchitis virus 125 Avian sarcoma viruses 167 Avoidance behavior 128 4-( 1-Azi -2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-benzoic acid

79 Azo-amatoxins 66

Baby rat livers 173 BHK-T6-cells 121 Bicyclic Pro-Gly-peptides of

tryptathionine 99 Bile acids 178, 180 Bile canalicular contractions 151 Bile flow 149 - cessation by phalloidin 131 Bleb formation by phallotoxins 133, 173,

176 - prevention by antagonists 177 Bovine aortic endothelial cells 164 Bovine-kidney MDBK cells 162 Bovine-thyroid nuclei 115 Brain research 128 Bufotenine 5

Calcium ionophore A 23187 134 Calcium ions 133,186 - concentration increase by phalloidin

134 Calcofluor 170 Calf thymus, RNA polymerase 109 Calliphora erythrocephala 127 Carbodiimide method 68 Carbon tetrachloride 175 Cardiac glycosides, antagonism by a-ama­

nitin 128 CD spectra 42

Subject Index

- amatoxins 44 - antamanide 187 - dethio-phalloidin 43, 75 - phalloidin 43, 73 - seco-phalloidin 43,75 - thioether model (18) 73 - virotoxins 88 Cell transformation 165 fJ-Cells of pancreatic islets 104 Chaetoglobosins 142, 145 Chao tropic effect 145 Chara 159 Chemical features common to the peptide

toxins 47 ff. Chemical properties of the peptides 37 ff. Chick-embryo fibroblasts 117 Chinese-hamster ovary cells 121,123 Chironomus pallidivittatus 119 Chitin in yeast 170 Chlorine-to Ii dine 26 Cholecystographic agents 178 Cholestasis 174 Chromatography 28 f. Chironomus tentans 119 Chironomus thummi 119 Circadian rhythm 127 Clitocybe 5 Cocarcinogenic phorbol ester (TPA) 167 Colchicine 152 Colonic-epithelial cells 165 Color reaction 25 f. - - on newsprint 26 - - with cinnamaldehyde-HCl 20,25 - - with croconic acid 25 - - with glyoxylic acid 26 - - with p-dimethylamino-benzaldehyde

26 - - with p-methoxybenzaldehyde 25 Condensation of chromatin 104, 113 Conocybe 5 Coprine 7 Coprinus 7 Cortinarines 6 Cortinarius odorifer 7 - orellanus 6 - speciosissimus 6 - splendens 6 - vitellinus 7 Cortisol 102 COSY 184 Cyclic Phe-Thr-Lys-Trp-Phe-D-Pro and

phallotoxins 177 Cyclization by thioether formation 98 Cycloamanides 21, 181,205 - CyA A, CyA B, CyA C, CyA D 205

Cycloheximide 115,116,151 Cyclohexylalanine 198 Cyclol structure 184 Cyclolinopeptide A 177, 180 cyclo(Pro Leu) and cyclo (Pro Phe) in A.

phalloides 206 Cyclosporin A 178

251

Cysl, Cys4-AA and Cys4, Cys9-AA 193 Cytochalasin B (CB) 133,134,155,159 Cytochalasin D (CD) 134,151 Cytoplasmic streaming 159 f. Cytostasis 117

Demethylphalloin (IX-amino-y-hydroxyva-leric acid-7-phalloidin) 80

[3H]-Demethylphalloin 80,101,177 Deoxyribonuclease (DNAse) 31 Deoxyribonucleoprotein 114 Deoxyriboviruses 124 Destruction of the indole part in ama-

toxins 66 Dethio-amatoxins 56 Dethio-phallotoxins 75 Developmental research 127 Dialkylamino-amatoxins 66 L-2,6-Diamino-hexynoic acid 200 Dictyostelium discoideum 161 Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 93 Diethylnitrosamine 175 y®i5-Dihydroxyisoleucine, syntheses 52 2,3-cis-3,4-trans-3,4-DihydroxY-L-proline 89 2,3-trans-3,4-trans-3 ,4-Dihydroxy-L-proline

(3,4-diHyp) 48 4,4' -Diisothiocyanato-l ,2-diphenylethylene-

2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) 179 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone of IX-amanitin

aldehyde 60 DISCO 185 DNA-dependent nucleoside triphosphate

RNA nucleotidyl transferase (EC 2.7.7.6.) (RNA polymerase) 105

Dodecylsulfate 179

Ecdysterone 127 EffluxofK+ ions from liver 131 Eicosanoids and actin fibers 164 Electrophilic affinity label (EAL) 146 Endocytosis 131 Enniatins 211 Enterohepatic circulation 14 Enzymes released from liver by phalloidin

132 Equilibrium dialysis 85 Erythrocytes from different animal species,

susceptibility for phaUolysin 208

252

Ethylmethanesulfonate, mutagen 121 Euglena gracilis 169 Eukaryotic RNA polymerases, inhibition

byoc-amanitin 112 Eukaryotic RNA polymerases I (A), II (B),

III (C) 105 Exvaginations (protrusions, blebs) 132

Fab fragment 110 F-Actin 135, 162 - ATPase activity 140 - cables, stress fibers 165 - conformational change 158 - cytoskeletal pattern in transformed

cells 165 - depolymerization by KI 138 - disrupting agents 133 - dissociation constants 137 - distribution and localization in cells as

visualized by fluorescent phallotoxins 162ff.

- from rabbit muscle 137 - low-angle X-ray diffraction 143 - stabilization by phallotoxins 137 - strength of the phallotoxin complex 137 - strength of the viroidin complex 137 - visualization 80 FAMA fluorescent amatoxin 65,109 F-ATP-actin monomers 143 Fatty-acid oxidation 129 Fetuin 29 Filamin 143 Filosomes 171 Fluorescamin 27 FL-phallotoxins 79,80,143,148,161,

162,180 FLPHD 79,80 Fluorescein-labelled amatoxin (FAMA)

65,109 Fluorescein-phalloidin 79 Fluorescence polarization 157 - and phosphorescence 42 Fluorescent filaments 158 Fluorescent phallotoxins - actin cables in rat-kangaroo PtKl and

MDBK cells 162 - actin pattern in normal and transformed

cells 165 - in biological research 161 ff. - effect of eicosanoids 164 - and F -actin in yeast 170 f. - in germlings of bean rust 168 - in ophthalmological research 168 Fly agaric, Amanita muscaria 3

Subject Index

Fragmentation of nucleoli 104,113,117, 119

Frog virus 3 125

G-Actin 136 - transcription factor 153 G*-Actin 143 Gabbiani rats 174 Galactosamine 175 Galerina 10, 31 - autumnalis 31 - badipes 32 - beinrothii 32 - marginata 31 - mycelia 211 - sulciceps 32 - unicolor 32 Gramicidin S 178, 211 Green monkey kidney cells 167 Gyromitra esculenta 5 Gyromitrine 5 Glutathione 211

Heat denaturation of F -actin, prevention by phallotoxins 141

Hemodynamic shock by phallotoxins 130 Hemoglobin release 209 Hemolysins from Amanita species 207 Hemolysis of human erythrocytes 208 Hemolytic activity 207 Hepatocyte membrane, alteration by phal­

loidin 132 Hepatocytes, primary monolayer cultures

129 Hepatoma cells 102, 175 Herpesvirus 125 High-PerforI)1ance Liquid Chromatography

(HPLC) 29 Hormonal induction of protein synthesis

127 Hpi = L-3a-hydroxy-1,2,3a,8,8a-hexahy­

dropyrrolo [2,3-bJ indole-2-carboxylic acids 92

Human amnionic cells 117 Humanfibrosarcoma 121 Human peripheral T-Iymphocytes 118 Hydra attenuata 171 Hydrazones 5 Hydroxyamino acids 48 {J-HydroxY-D-aspartic acid 48,71 4-Hydroxyflavomannine-6,6' -di-

methylether 7 Hydroxyisoleucine side chains, contribution

to amatoxin activity 60 f. y-Hydroxyisoleucine 51

Subject Index

2, 4-cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline (allo-hydroxy­L-proline, aHyp) 48, 71

Hydroxyproline moiety, contribution to amatoxin activity 59

6-Hydroxytryptophan, contribution to amatoxin activity 56

Ibotenic acid 4 Influenza-virus 126 Inhibition of protein synthesis 152 - of RNA-polymerase II (B) activity 55 - of RNA synthesis 104 - of transcription 101 Inocybe species 5 - caesariata 5 - jastigiata 5 - patoullardii 5 Insect embryos 127 - larvae 115 Iodide ions, inhibitors of g-actin polymer-

ization 145 Iodination of ex-amanitin 65 Iodipamide 179 y-Iodoacetylamido-phalloin, affinity label

79 Ionophore function 189 Isolation of the cyclic pep tides 36 ff. Isoproteins of phallolysin 208

K + efflux after phalloidin K + efflux after phallolysin K + ions, stabilize F -actin Karwinskia humboldt ian a KB-eagle cells 117

131 f. 209

143 7

Keratocytes, locomotion 161 Ketophalloidin (ex-aminolevulinic acid-7-

phalloidin) 80, 95 Kidneys, injury by amatoxins 103, 110,

113

Lactonization 49,93 Lamellipodia 161,163 Lampbrush chromosomes 153 Latrunculin 155 Leakage of membrane 150 Lepiota 10,32 - brunneoincarnata 32 - helveola 32 - xantophylla 32 Lethal dose of ex-amanitin 116 Leucotrienes 164 Li-antamanide, x-ray structure analysis

191,199 Li-perhydroantamanide, x-ray structure

analysis 199

253

Lipid-bilayer membranes and phallolysin 209

Lipoic acid (thioctic acid) 14,103 Lipoprotein secretion 151 Liposomes 210 Liquid chromatography 27 Liver 113, 115 - isolated perfused 129 - membrane vesicles 102 - swelling 130, 148 - tumor cells, failure of inward transport

175 - uptake of the toxins 101 Locomoting cell fragment 161 Locomoting stop by phalloidin 158 Longtime AA-analogue 203 Lymphocytes 148

~acrophages 134 ~agic bullets 69 ~alignancy and phallotoxin-resistance

175 ~ass-spectrometric sequence analysis 183 ~ass spectroscopy 39 ~authner's cells 155 ~ediator protein 116 ~embrane invagination 131 ~emory 128 2-~ercapto-L-tryptophy Iglycy 1-L-cysteine

cyclic sulfide (1-3) 72 ~errifield syntheses 185 ~etal complex of AA 191 ~ethylhydrazine 5 [3Hl-~ethylphallolysin 209 2-~ethylsulfonyl-L-tryptophan 89 2-~ethylthio-indolyl-3-acetic acid 92 ~icrocycstis aeruginosa 134 ~icrofilaments in phalloidin-poisoned rat

livers 135 ~icroinjection 134 ~ilk thistle (Silybum marianum, Gaertn.)

179 ~ixed anhydride (~A) method 67,93 ~olecular shape, contribution to phallo-

toxin activity 74 - and toxicity of amatoxins 56 ~onoclonal antibodies 29, 110 ~onocyclic heptapeptides 88 ~otility of cells 155, 158 ~ouseembryos 115,127 - lymphoblastoid cells 121 - ova 116,127 ~uscarine 3, 5 ~uscazone 4 ~uscimol 4

254

Musculus psoas 156, 157 Mycelia, growth of 211 Mycoplasma pneumoniae 171 Mycorrhiza 211 Myosin 155 Myxoviruses (influenza virus) 125

Na + influx into red cells 209 Na-cinchophen 175 NBD-amino phalloin 164 NBD-phallacidin (NBD-PHC) 78,164 NBD-PHC in living cells 162 Necrosis 104,113,116,131 Nematode 168 Nephrosis 104 Nind-alkylphalloidin 77 Non-ribosomal biosynthesis 211 Norphalloin analogues 95 - syntheses of analogues 83 Norphalloin (norvaline-7-phalloidin) 80,

95 Norvaline 80 N -protection in peptide synthesis 93 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spec-

troscopy 44, 184

0-(2' -acetylaminoethyl)-Tyr6-AA 203 0-carboxymethyl-Tyr6-AA (soluble anta­

man ide) 200 6-0-methyl-demethyl-y-amanitin (dehy-

droxymethyl-iX-amanitin) 60 Oncogenic products induction 165 Opium 1 Orellanine 6 Orelline 6 Optical-Rotatory Dispersion (ORD) 42 p-Oxindolylalanine (oxytryptophan) 47

Panceolus 5 Pancreatic deoxyribonuclease I (DNAse

I) 141 Parainfluenza virus type 3 125 Paramecium tetraurelia 171 Parsley callus cells 121 Pauly's reagent 26 Paxillus involutus 7 Pedersen's extraction method 186 Penetration of toxins 118 Penicillin 14, 103 Peptide cyclization 94 Peptide toxins - amounts in different mushroon species

31 ff. - analysis 51,101 - antagonists 177

- in carpophores 21 - recognition 22 - synthesis 92 ff. Perhydro-AA 199 Peri canalicular F -actin 150 Perichromatin granules 113 Pflegmacin 7 Phallacidin 20, 78 Phallacin 20 Phallin 15,21,207 Phallin A 181,205 Phallisacin 20 Phalli sin 20, 80

Subject Index

Phalloidin analogs, semi synthesis 83 f. - derivatives and m. psoas 156 - effects on perfused rat liver 131 - elucidation of structure 71 - epoxide 79 - interaction with actin 135 - and goldfishes 155 - and hormonal response 154 - microinjected 158 - and muscle contraction 156 Phalloidin (R)-sulfoxide 180 Phalloidin (S)-sulfoxide 180 Phalloidinsulfoxides, sulfone, different

toxicities and affinities to F-actin 81 Phalloin 20 - synthesis 83, 98 Phalloisine 21 Phallolysin 207 ff. - further similarity to iX-toxin 210 - lysis of mammalian cells 208 - sensitivity 208 - toxicity 209 Phallotoxins 20,37,69,101,137,156 - acceleration of G-actin polymerization

144 - affinity to F-actin 90 - affinity-labelling 145 - antagonists 176 - assay by actin 31 - binding site of actin 146 - binding to F-actin 88 - inhibition of secretory processes 150ff. - non-inhibiting actomyosin ATPase 155 - receptor 210 - resistance after implanting Ehrlich ascites

cells 175 - serum albumin conjugate 134 - structural features, summarized 85 f. - structures and activities (Tables 16-18)

75 - syntheses 94 - syntheses of amino acid-analogues 96

Subject Index

- tolerance of newborn animals 173 - toxicology 129 - uptake 173 Pharmacokinetics 56 Phe4 -VaI6-AA 193 Phlegmacin 7 Pholiotina 32 Phospholipases 179 Photo affinity-label PAL 79, 146 Physarumpolycephalum 156,161,164 Physical properties of the toxins 39 Pinocytosis 118 Plant cells, actin distribution 170 Plant sciences 170 Plasma proteins and phalloidin 153 Plasminogen activator 165 Platelet aggregation 154 Pointed end of actin 137 Polio virus type 2 125 Polygonal F-actin network 164 Polymerase inhibition, mechanism 110 Polymerization of G-actin, accelerating

effect of phallotoxins 135 f., 145 Polyoma virus 125 Polypeptides, 48 kD and 53 kD in hepato-

cyte membrane 178 Polytene chromosomes 121 Potassium current 156 pre-rRNA, inhibition of processing by 0(-

amanitin 115 Proamanullin (Pr02-amanullin) 20 Promoter 167 Prophalloin (Pro4-phalloin) 83,98 Prostacyclin 165 Protectors against fungal peptides 176 Protein conjugates of amatoxins 67 - synthesis 113 Proteins, mediating transport into liver

101 Proteolytic enzymes 142f. Protrusions 148 Proximal-tubule cells 134 Psilocin 5 Psilocybe 5 Psilocybin 5 Pyrolytic decomposition 27

Quantification of toxins 28 ff.

Radioactive amatoxins 69 Radioactive phallotoxins 80 Radioimmunoassay of amatoxins 29 Rat fibroblasts, microinjection of

fluorescent phallotoxin 162

- hepatocytes 101, 129 - kangaroo PtKl cells 109, 162 - myeloblasts 121 Recyclization of seco-phallotoxins 96 Reduction of bile acid secretion 150 - of contractile response 156 Regenerating liver cells 174 Release oftriglycerides 151

255

Resistance after sub-lethal doses of phal-loidin 149

Resorption of toxins by liver 102 Retinal-pigment, epithelial cells 168 Retro-D-AA 202 Retro-L-AA 202 RH-phallotoxins (RHPHN) 79,161,162 Riboviruses 125 Rifampicin 179 RNA polymerase II, decreased sensitivity

to amatoxins 121 - mutated subunit from amatoxin resistant

D. melanogaster 123 RNA polymerase III and actin 153 RNA polymerases 105, 106 RNAs (r-, m-, t-), products of transcription

by polymerases I (A), II (B), III (C) 106 rRNA formation dependent on RNA syn­

thesis 115 rRNA, inhibition of synthesis by O(-amani-

tin 115 Rubescenslysin 208, 209 Ruffles 167 Ruffling edges 163

Sand dollar eggs 161 Sarcomeres, fine structures 156 Savige-Fontana-reaction 92,98 Sea urchin eggs 127 S-deoxo-Ile2 -amaninamide 100 Seco-phallotoxins 74 Secoamatoxins 56 Secoketophalloidin 95 Segregation of the nucleolar components

113 Selectivity order of AA complexing

cations 188 D-Serine in virotoxins 89 Serotonine 5 Serum proteins, decrease after amatoxin

104 Shuttle streaming, blocked by phalloidins

160 Silybin 103, 179 - antiphalloidin effect 179 - hemisuccinate 179 Silymarin 14, 179

256

Simian virus 40 125 Sinusoidal-liver cells 134 Soluble perhydro AA (4' -carboxymethyl-

oxy-cyc1ohexylalanine-5-AA) 200 Somatostatin 177 Somatotropin 178 Sonic vibration 140 Spacer groups for conjugation 64 Spatial structure of ph allot ox ins 72 Spectrophotometric estimation of toxins

28 Spectrophotometric titration of metal, com-

plex formation 186 Staphylococoal et-toxin 210 Stress fibers (cables) 162 Stropharia 5 Sulfone amatoxins 57 Sulfoxide moiety, contribution to amatoxin

activity 56 Synaptic transmission 155 Synchronous transformation (chick embryo

cells) 167 Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auro­

tus) 173 Systematic name of et-amanitin 54 - of phalloidin 72

Taurocholate 101 Tetramethylrhodamine-phalloin 79 Tetrazolyl ether of et-amanitin 65 Theory of phalloidin toxification 130, 173 Therapy of Amanita-intoxication 14 Thin filaments, influence of Ca2+ ions

156 Thioctic acid 14,180 Thioether formation 56, 92 - moiety in the phallotoxins, P-helicity 73 Thioether-transcross-linking of tosyl phal-

loidin 79 D-Threonine in phallotoxins 48 Thromboxane 165 Tight junctions 149 Tolerance for phalloidin 174ff. - after bile-duct ligation 174 - by lack of resorption 173 y-Tosylphalloidin 75, 79 Toxication, theory 130, 173 Toxicological properties of the pep tides

45 Transcription 110,115 - products of different RNA-polymeres

106

Subject Index

Transformed cells, response to et-amanitin 119

- mammalian cells 118 Translocation of RNA polymerase in-

hibited by amatoxins 111 Transmenbranous ion channels 209 Transport of phalloidin 178 y, c5,c5'-Trihydroxyleucine snythesis 51,80 Trypsin 179 Tryptathionine 47,71,87,92 Two-dimensional NMR analysis 206 Tyr6-O-carboxy-methyl-AA (soluble antam-

ani de) 176 Tyrosine aminotransferase 102 - transaminase 127

Ultraviolet spectroscopy 39 [3H]-Uridine in RNA synthesis 30,116 Uromyces phaseoli 168 UV-difference spectra of actin plus phal­

loidin 87 - actin plus viroidin 87, 138 UV-difference spectroscopy 90,137

Vaccinia virus 124 Vacuoles in liver cells 130 ff. Valinomycin 178 Vaucheria 160 Vinculin 168 Viroids 124 Viroisine 21 Virotoxins 11,20,35,88,90,136,137 - general formula 88 - presumptive derivation from phallo-

toxins 90 - structure-activity relationships 89 - synthesis of analogues 89 - toxicology 129 Visualization of fungal peptides 25

Wheat embryos 115 - germ 109

X-ray structure analysis of - f3-amanitin 53 - antamanide 190 f. - y-hydroxY-L-isoleucine 51 - model thioether peptide 18 73 - sulfoxides of O-methyl-et-amanitin 57 Xenopus laevis eggs 127

Young animals, phalloidin tolerance 130

Springer Series in Molecular Biology

Series Editor: Alexander Rich

Yeast Genetics Fundamental and Applied Aspects 1. F. T. Spencer, Dorothy M. Spencer, A. R. W. Smith, eds.

Myxobacteria Development and Cell Interactions Eugene Rosenberg, ed.

DNA Methylation Biochemistry and Biological Significance Aharon Razin, Howard Cedar, Arthur D. Riggs, eds.

Cooperativity Theory in Biochemistry Steady-State and Equilibrium Systems Terrell L. Hill

Molecular Biology of DNA Methylation Roger L. P. Adams, Roy H. Burdon

Structure, Function and Genetics of Ribosomes Boyd Hardesty, Gisela Kramer, eds.

Protein Compartmentalization Arnold W. Strauss, Irving Boime, Gunther Kreil, eds.

Peptides of Poisonous Amanita Mushrooms Theodor Wieland