RECYCLING LIQUID WASTE AND WATER BODIESUsha Batra, Chief Architect, WR, CPWD, MumbaiDr. K M Soni, Chief Engineer, WZI, CPWD, Mumbai

LIQUID WASTE DOMESTIC INDUSTRIAL AGRICULTURAL RAIN WATER WASTE OF ARTICLES USING WATER

USE OF WASTE WATER DOMESTIC USE NORMALLY

FLUSHING HORTICULTURE INDUSTRIAL IRRIGATION

WASTE WATER TREATMENT PRIMARY TREATMENT SECONDARY TREATMENT TERTIARY TREATMENT SPECIAL TREATMENT

(www.sheffy6marketing.com)

WATER CRISIS According to International Water

Management Institute (IWMI), India will face a water scarcity due to global warming and population explosion. This in turn will lead to chronic dependency on costly and unpredictable food imports.

India will have only half the water it needs by 2030, one of the top international water organisations has predicted.

80-84% of water consumed for agriculture 

USE OF WATER Agriculture:

80% Industrial:

15% Domestic: 5%

(www.ih-igcse-geography.wikispaces.com)

Waste of water in agricultural use

Dumping a kilogram of meat means wasting the 50,000 litres of water used in its production

Throwing out a kilo of white rice will waste 2,385 litres

(www.authorstream.com)

CropGrowing

Period           ( No. of days )

Total Water Requirement Daily Water Requirement

in cm in inches in cm in inches

Jawar 114 64.25 25.70 0.575 0.23Maize 100 44.50 17.80 0.450 0.18Rice 93 104.50 41.80 1.075 0.43Wheat 88 37.00 14.80 0.425 0.17

Groundnut 124 65.25 26.10 0.525 0.21

Linseed 88 31.71 12.68 0.350 0.14Cotton 202 105.50 42.20 0.525 0.21

Sugarcane 365 237.50 95.00 0.650 0.26

Tobacco 132 98.00 39.20 0.750 0.30Onion 120 75.00 30.00 0.625 0.25Potato 88 30.00 12.00 0.750 0.30Pea 88 30.00 12.00 0.350 0.14Mustard 88 25.20 10.08 0.300 0.12Barley 88 25.20 10.08 0.400 0.16Oat 88 36.00 14.40 0.400 0.16Ragi 127 74.50 29.80 0.575 0.23

(www.slideshare.net Crop Planning)

Irrigation water efficiency in India  Irrigation efficiency barely 35 % Only 16% of farmers aware of

irrigation efficiency technologies  50% water lost to leakage & system

inefficiencies  Real problem: wastage of water &

lack of Demand management, not shortage

Wasteful utilisation of water resources diminish crop productivity 

(www.ipsnews.net)

(www.newindianexpress.com)

(www.thehindubusinessline.com)

(www.quora.com)

(www.mbaskool.com)

(www.ecurrentaffairs.in)

(www.livemint.com)

Industrial use• One pair of shoes: 2,257 gallons• One pair of jeans: 2,636 gallons• One chocolate bar: 454 gallons• One piece of beef: 4,000 gallons• One hamburger: 632 gallons• One plain-cheese pizza: 321

gallons• One slice of cheese: 40 gallons• One pint of beer: 45 gallons• One cup of coffee: 35 gallons• One apple: 22 gallons• One loaf of bread: 13 gallons• One sheet of paper: 3 gallons

(www.cbc.ca)

Water required for industrial use

CottonT-ShirtIt takes a 400 gallons of water to grow the cotton required for an ordinary cotton shirt.

Pair of Jeans It takes around 1,800 gallons of water

to grow enough cotton to produce just one pair of jeans.

Industrial use It takes an estimated 39,090 gallons

of water to make a car. It takes 1.85 gallons of water to

manufacture the plastic for the bottle in the average commercial bottle of water.

Industrial use 10 litres or 2.6 gallons of water

cumulatively to produce one sheet of A4 (8.5″ x 11″) paper.  

It takes 1.85 gallons of water to manufacture the plastic for the bottle in the average commercial bottle of water.

It takes 3 litres of water to produce 1 litre of bottled water

Wastage If less food were wasted, less land, water and

energy would be needed across the entire value chain

Gandhiji said that there is enough on Earth for everybody's need, but not enough for everybody's greed.

Domestic Water

Treatment status  It is estimated that around 60% of

effluent generated from Industries & 74% of sewage generated in India goes untreated

Domestic waste water Horticulture and landscaping Industries Agriculture (irrigation) Household such as flushing Drinking

Cost comparison 72. 74 mld STP was developed by

SPML Infra(Okhala) Limited at a cost of Rs 166.9 million.

Cost per ltr: Rs. 2.30 Cost of 80 Kld STP: 80 -100 lakhs Cost per ltr: Rs. 10 -12 per ltr

Water bodies The discharge is not thrown in

rivers hence rivers are not polluted. 50% of precipitation received in 15 days & 90% of river flows in 4 months of year

Water bodies prevent floods in the rivers as the water is not discharged into the rivers and also they receive rain water from the catchment area.

Water can be used throughout the year from the water bodies in an assured manner.

Water is available near to the place required for irrigation.

Mixing of fresh water can be made in the water bodies for various uses according to the requirements. Water bodies can also be planned to receive rain water from the catchment area

Water bodies Water bodies help in promoting the tourism. Water bodies help in generating employment

due to tourism and agricultural development near water bodies.

Water bodies help in creation of trees and vegetation near water bodies.

Water bodies help in recharging of ground water table. Ground water levels declining at the rate of 10 cm per year

Water bodies help in maintaining aquatic life. Water bodies help in maintaining ecological

balance in the area.

Water bodies Water bodies help in preventing air pollution due

to evaporation process. Water bodies help in maintaining green

environment. Recycling through water bodies is highly economic

compared to small recycling plants used in isolated buildings.

Large STPs and water bodies are energy efficient as they save considerable energy required in operation and maintenance.

Monitoring of treated water from STPs is effective when discharged in water bodies away from the rivers due to local public involved in it than discharging into the rivers.

we should integrate rain water harvesting, treated water from STPs and Industries ?

We should adopt water bodies system

Integrated system of recycling through water bodies

1. Collection of rain water2. Collection of treated water from

STPs3. Rain water harvesting4. Drain water

There is enough on Earth for everybody's need, but not enough for the wastage.

(www.belvynaglobal.com)

KINDLY STOP WASTAGE