recycled pet in finland – what to do with it?
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RECYCLED PET IN FINLAND – what to do with it?. Valeria Poliakova Department of Business administration, Media and Technology 15.09.08. PET. P oly E thylene Terephthalate ... it is a plastic [ Feel free to ask questions during the presentation ]. Agenda for today. Why PET was chosen? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
RECYCLED PET IN RECYCLED PET IN FINLAND – what to FINLAND – what to
do with it?do with it?
Valeria PoliakovaValeria PoliakovaDepartment of Business administration, Department of Business administration,
Media and TechnologyMedia and Technology15.09.0815.09.08
2Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
PETPET
PPolyolyEEthylene Terephthalatethylene Terephthalate
... it is a plastic... it is a plastic
[[Feel free to ask questions during the Feel free to ask questions during the
presentationpresentation]]
3Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
Agenda for today...Agenda for today...
Why PET was chosen?Why PET was chosen? Objectives of the workObjectives of the work
FindingsFindings
ConclusionsConclusions Future developmentFuture development
4Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
Why PET?Why PET?
Sustainability is important...and in Sustainability is important...and in fashionfashion
””Waste = Resource” is an attractive ideaWaste = Resource” is an attractive idea
Change in legislationChange in legislation
PET bottles are readily available PET bottles are readily available resourceresource
5Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
ObjectivesObjectives
What is PET?
How to recycle PET?
What is fe
edsto
ck
recyclin
g?
What is mechanical recycling?
What can you do from PET?
Is it true that a jacket and a bottle
are the same material?
Where to recycle
PET?
How to re
cycle PET
How to re
cycle PET?Is it better to use it for bottles?
6Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
to learn about recycling system in to learn about recycling system in Finland Finland
to learn more about PET and RPETto learn more about PET and RPET
to find differencess between PET to find differencess between PET and RPETand RPET
to find applications of RPETto find applications of RPET
ObjectivesObjectives
7Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
Circulation of PET in FinlandCirculation of PET in Finland
Shops
Recyclers
Packers
Hartwall,
FinnSpring Citymar
ket
Preformia, Muovix
PALPA
8Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
Recovery
Material Recycling
Energy Recovery
Composting
Feedstock Recycling
Same application
New application
Mechanical Recycling
Waste management optionsWaste management options
9Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
1.1. Single-grade production and processing Single-grade production and processing scarp and surplus raw materialscarp and surplus raw material
2.2. Single-grade post-consumer Single-grade post-consumer commercial wastecommercial waste
3.3. Mixed-grade post-consumer commercial Mixed-grade post-consumer commercial waste waste
4.4. Household waste and agricultural Household waste and agricultural plastic waste plastic waste
Plastic waste gradesPlastic waste grades
10Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
Technically Economically Ecologically Normatively
SG production scrap
MR MR MR MR
SG post-consumer waste
MR MR / ER MR MR / FR
MG post-consumer waste
MR / ER ER ER / FR FR / ER
MG household waste and agricultural plastic waste
ER / FR /Landfill
ER /Landfill
FR FR / ER /Landfill
Viability of recovery methodViability of recovery method
11Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
12Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
PET + Mechanical Recycling = PET + Mechanical Recycling =
RPETRPET
((RRecycled ecycled PPolyolyEEthylene thylene
TTerephthalate)erephthalate)
13Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
Collection, Baling, Sorting, Grinding, Washing, Sorting, Rinsing, Drying
Extrusion, Pelletizing, Drying, Crystallizing
PET
RPET
14Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
PET vs RPETPET vs RPET
PETPET
Tensile strength Tensile strength 47 MPa47 MPa
Elongation 4 %Elongation 4 % Glass transition Glass transition
75 75 ˚C˚C Water absorption Water absorption
0.3 %0.3 %
RPETRPET
??????
15Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
Properties depend on...Properties depend on...
1.1. Characteristics of polymer Characteristics of polymer (inherent features)(inherent features)
2.2. Processing parametersProcessing parameters
3.3. External factors (sun, humidity, External factors (sun, humidity, thermal history)thermal history)
16Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
1. Characteristics of polymer1. Characteristics of polymer
Molecular weightMolecular weight Chemical structure of the moleculesChemical structure of the molecules Polymer morphology (crystallinity, Polymer morphology (crystallinity,
orientation)orientation) AdditivesAdditives Co-polymersCo-polymers
17Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
Rheological properties (viscosity, melt flow, etc…)
Mechanical properties (tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, etc...)
Thermal properties (melting temperature, glass transition, etc…)
Optical properties (color, refraction, etc...)
Additives Molecular weight
Co-polymers Arrangement of the molecules
Chemical properties (taste, aroma)
Characteristics affect all Characteristics affect all propertiesproperties
18Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
RPET has...RPET has...
Decrease in molecular weightDecrease in molecular weight reduction of mechanical strength and reduction of mechanical strength and
stiffnessstiffness decrease in melting temperaturedecrease in melting temperature better flow characteristics of the meltbetter flow characteristics of the melt
Disturbed crystallinity and Disturbed crystallinity and entanglementsentanglements
decrease in strength, toughness, viscositydecrease in strength, toughness, viscosity surface defectssurface defects
19Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
2. Processing2. Processing
Grinding (melting temperature, melt Grinding (melting temperature, melt flow)flow)
Extrusion Extrusion Drying (molecular weight, color)Drying (molecular weight, color) Filtering (throughput capacity)Filtering (throughput capacity)
20Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
Typical single screw extruderTypical single screw extruder
Wikipedia
21Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
Vent type molding machineVent type molding machine
22Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
ChallangesChallanges
PETPET thermal thermal
degradationdegradation
RPETRPET thermal degradationthermal degradation generated AA levelgenerated AA level mechanical mechanical
degradationdegradation contaminationcontamination
free acetaldehyde (AA) levelfree acetaldehyde (AA) level hydrolysishydrolysis
23Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
Applications of RPETApplications of RPET
24Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
Applications of RPETApplications of RPET
EuropeEurope FinlandFinland
25Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
26Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
Applications of RPETApplications of RPET
systematic approachsystematic approach
comparing specifications to comparing specifications to requirementsrequirements
the most similar to PET / RPET plasticthe most similar to PET / RPET plastic PBT, PMMAPBT, PMMA
27Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
Conclusions 1/2Conclusions 1/2
Mechanical recycling is the best recovery Mechanical recycling is the best recovery method for PET bottlesmethod for PET bottles
RPET has different molecular weight and RPET has different molecular weight and crystallinity / orientation of molecules than crystallinity / orientation of molecules than PETPET
PET bottles collected in Finland have a PET bottles collected in Finland have a great potential to be recycled back to great potential to be recycled back to bottlesbottles
28Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
Considering applications for RPET Considering applications for RPET one should consider applications one should consider applications PET, PBT and PMMA are used forPET, PBT and PMMA are used for
Conclusions 2/2Conclusions 2/2
29Recycled PET in Finland - what to do with it?
Future developmentFuture development
Incineration of PETIncineration of PET
Properties of virgin vs recycled materialProperties of virgin vs recycled material
Effect of additives on RPETEffect of additives on RPET
Effect of contaminants on recycling Effect of contaminants on recycling processprocess
Thank you for your Thank you for your attention!attention!
PET-related questions?PET-related questions?
[email protected]@arcada.fi