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Current Implementation of formula R1 in incineration plants :

Regulation in France for measuring energy efficiency

Arthur GIGNOUX

Recuwatt Conference - Mataró - 24th March 2011

CONTENTSI) BRIEF PRESENTATION OF SVDU

II) EUROPEAN DIRECTIVE

Disposal / Recovery / R1 formula

III) FRENCH REGULATION

General Tax on Polluting Activities (TGAP)

Ministerial decree 3rd August 2010

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I) SVDU

‘Syndicat national du traitement et de la Valorisation des Déchets Urbains et assimilés’

= French professional syndicate of treatment and recovery of municipal solid waste

Members = operators of Waste-to-Energy plants in France

www.incineration.org

II) EUROPEAN DIRECTIVE 2008/98/EC

Waste hierarchy :(a) prevention;(b) preparing for re-use;(c) recycling;(d) other recovery, e.g. energy recovery; and(e) disposal.

Annexe I : Disposal operations D10 : Incineration on land

Annexe II : Recovery operationsR1 : Use principally as a fuel or other means to generate

energy (*)

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R1 includes incineration facilities with energy efficiency equal to or above:

0,60 for installations permitted before 1 January 2009,0,65 for installations permitted after 31 December 2008,

Energy efficiency =

Ep : annual energy produced as heat or electricity. Calculated with : electricity multiplied by 2,6 heat multiplied by 1,1

Ef : annual energy from fuels contributing to the production of steamEw : annual energy contained in the treated wasteEi : annual energy imported excluding Ew and Ef0,97 : factor accounting for energy losses

EUROPEAN DIRECTIVE 2008/98/EC

)(97,0)(

EfEwEiEfEp

+×+−

EUROPEAN DIRECTIVE 2008/98/EC

A guidance is being prepared for the implementation the R1 formula for municipal waste incinerators, to define :

System boundariesEnergy flowsQualification procedure and monitoring of compliance

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III) FRENCH REGULATION

General Tax on Polluting Activities (TGAP) was created by the French government in 2009, concerning, among others, landfill and waste incineration.

For waste incineration, this tax is modulated according to 3 criteria :

EMAS / ISO 14000NOx emission < 80mg/Nm3

High energy efficiency :Formula result ≥ 0,60 for existing plantsFormula result ≥ 0,65 for new plants

With following formula :

General Tax on Polluting Activities

Pe : energy efficiencyEe.p : annual electricity producedEth.p : annual heat produced for commercial use and self-consumption as listed by regulationEe.a : annual electricity importedEth.a : annual heat importedEc.a : annual energy from fuels other than waste2,3 : takes into account a ‘standard’ heat value for municipal solid wastes in France (2044 kcal/kg)T : annual quantity of waste treated

( ) ( )T

aEcaEthaEepEthpEePe×

+×+×−×+×=3,2

..1,1.6,2.1,1.6,2

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General Tax on Polluting Activities

Heat self-consumption as listed by regulation :

Pre-heat of combustion airHeating of steam-water cycleHeating of feedwaterFlue gas reheatHeating buildings, offices, industrial equipmentsSteam for steam-pump or steam-compressorEvaporating effluentsAnti-freezing air-cooled condenser

French ministerial decree 3rd August 2010

Treatment in Waste-to-Energy plant is classified as recovery only if :Energy efficiency :

≥ 0,60 for existing plants≥ 0,65 for new plants

Calculation of the energy efficiency each yearEach parameter is to be measured with instrument controlled yearly

Else classified as disposal

Energy efficiency formula is :and is ‘adapted’ considering :

Pe =

)(97,0)(

EfEwEiEfEp

+×+−)(97,0

)(EfEwEiEfEp

+×+−

( ) ( )T

aEcaEthaEepEthpEe×

+×+×−×+×=

3,2..1,1.6,2.1,1.6,2

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Application in French Waste-to-Energy plants

Comparison of R1 formula and ‘TGAP’ formula :Results are very closed to each other : often less than 0,01 difference

Plants without sufficient electricity or heat production to reach 0,60 :Nothing to add, no calculation to do => classified as ‘Disposal’

Plants that can reach 0,60 :Now adding new instrumentation to measure all energies used in the formula (especially on heat self-consumption)

New projects will all be ≥ 0,65

CONCLUSION

French regulation already asks to calculate energy efficiency, only if the plant is able to reach 0,60 (0,65 for new plants)

Formula used as far as now is a bit different from R1 formula, but results are very similar

This regulation can easily evolve toward R1 formula, and is ableto meet the R1 requirements depending on the R1 application guideline than could be published