This article was downloaded by: [University of Kent]On: 09 November 2014, At: 07:10Publisher: Taylor & FrancisInforma Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: MortimerHouse, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK

New Zealand Journal of Geology and GeophysicsPublication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information:http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnzg20

Records of Nautiloidea (Mollusca: Cephalopoda)across the Cretaceous‐Tertiary boundary in Otago andChatham Islands, New ZealandJeffrey D. Stilwell a b & Andrew Grebneff aa Department of Geology , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealandb Department of Geology , University of Nebraska , 2/4 Bessey Hall, Lincoln, NE,68588–0340, U.S.A.Published online: 23 Mar 2010.

To cite this article: Jeffrey D. Stilwell & Andrew Grebneff (1996) Records of Nautiloidea (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) acrossthe Cretaceous‐Tertiary boundary in Otago and Chatham Islands, New Zealand, New Zealand Journal of Geology andGeophysics, 39:1, 83-91, DOI: 10.1080/00288306.1996.9514696

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1996.9514696

PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE

Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) containedin the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make norepresentations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose ofthe Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors,and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be reliedupon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shallnot be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and otherliabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to orarising out of the use of the Content.

This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematicreproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in anyform to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions

\ew Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 1996, Vol. 39: 83-910028-8306/96/0083 $2.50/0 © The Royal Society of New Zealand 1996

83

Records of Nautiloidea (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in Otago and Chatham Islands, New Zealand

JEFFREY D. STILWELL*A.NDREW GREBNEFF

Department of GeologyUniversity of OtagoP.O. Box 56Dunedin, New Zealand

*Present address: Department of Geology, 2/4 Bessey Hall,University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0340 U.S.A.

Abstract Mesozoic—Cenozoic shelf deposits throughoutthe world have a depauperate record of nautiloids whencompared to that of other molluscs. The Cretaceous—Tertiary(K-T) boundary record in New Zealand is no exception, withfew recorded specimens at any given locality of only a fewspecies. New findings across the K-T boundary in Otagoand Chatham Islands, New Zealand, include Eutrephocerassp. (latest Cretaceous), Eutrephoceras allani (Fleming)(Early—Late Paleocene), and Aturia cf. A. mackayi (Fleming)(Late Paleocene).

Keywords fossil Cephalopoda; nautiloid; Late Cretaceous;Paleocene; Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary;Eutrephoceras; Aturia; Otago; Chatham Islands, NewZealand

INTRODUCTION

Whereas ammonoid cephalopods and other molluscs (e.g.,Inoceramidae, Radiolitidae, and most genera of Trigoniidae)became extinct at the close of the Cretaceous, nautiloidcephalopods survived the Cretaceous—Tertiary (K-T)boundary event. The survival of nautiloids across the K-Tboundary, compared to ammonoids, seemingly reflectsdifferences in reproductive and feeding strategies. This isbecause ammonoids probably had a planktotrophic larvalstage (Kennedy & Cobban 1977), whereas fossil nautiloidshad a nonplanktotrophic (lecithotrophic) larval stage similarto extant Nautilus (Arnold & Carlson 1986; Gallagher 1991)that was independent of a planktonic food source. Thepresumed decrease in plankton production at the K-Tboundary (Rhodes & Thayer 1991; see review and furthersupport of this idea by Stilwell 1994), coupled with changingenvironmental conditions such as decreasing temperaturesand regression during this interval, would have starved andhence severely affected plankton-dependent embryos inammonoids, but nautiloids survived these environmentaldisturbances relatively unscathed. Furthermore, extantnautiloids have a low-energy and slow-growth economy andare opportunistic scavengers, with a cutting beak and with

G95002Received 9 Januaiy 1995; accepted 9 October 1995

feeding arms which can catch small organisms in anoxicmud. Ammonoids, however, were fast-growing and activepredators, as are fish (see review by Vines L992). Becausenautiloids can also tolerate sporadic changes in oxygenlevels, they might have had the competitive edge over fishand ammonoids across the K-T boundary (cf. Vines 1992).

Nautiloids are generally rare in the Mesozoic-Cenozoicfossil record around the world. The K-T boundary sequencein New. Zealand is no exception, with a particularlydepauperate nautiloid record. As reviewed by Zinsmeister(1987), although nautiloids occur in Cenozoic depositsglobally, they are represented by few individuals at any givenlocality. Further, compared to other molluscs (e.g., bivalves,gastropods, scaphopods), the proportions of these molluscsto nautiloid shells may surpass several thousand to one. Thepresence of large numbers of nautiloid shells at any givenlocality in shallow shelf deposits, such as the large numbersof phragmocones in Eocene beach deposits on SeymourIsland, Antarctic Peninsula (Zinsmeister 1987), is unusualand probably represents transport from their normal deep-water habitat to shallower environments by specialcircumstances, including severe storms. There are only twolocalities in New Zealand where nautiloids are relativelycommon, compared to other molluscs. These are Hampden(Bortonian, upper Middle Eocene) and Bridge Point(Runangan, Upper Eocene). At the Hampden locality,inferred herein to be a deep-water deposit, many specimensof species of Hercoglossa and large Aturia have beenrecorded (Grebneff field obs.). At Bridge Point, many smallspecimens of an indeterminate species of Aturia have beennoted by Grebneff.

We report here the presence of nautiloids across the K-Tboundary in Otago and Chatham Islands, including thecosmopolitan genus Eutrephoceras Hyatt, 1894 with a timerange of Late Jurassic to Miocene. As a result of recentwork in eastern Otago, species of Eutrephoceras havebeen recorded in the Fairfield Greensand Member of theBrighton Formation (= Abbotsford Formation?) (upper?Maastrichtian, uppermost Cretaceous) at Fairfield Quarryand in the Mitchells Rocks Member of the WangaloaFormation (upper Danian, upper Lower Paleocene) atMitchells Rocks, Wangaloa (Fig. 1). Specimens ofEutrephoceras at Fairfield Quarry are not particularly wellpreserved in the concretionary, jarositic greensand presentthere, and are represented mainly by carbonised, partiallycrushed and/or distorted individuals. One specimen collectedby the senior author in 1989, OU41312 (catalogue numbers,Department of Geology, Otago University), and another byR. E. Fordyce in 1992, OU40933, have vestiges of ornamentand sutures preserved which allow a preliminary assessmentof relationships. Grebneff collected the sole recordedPaleocene nautiloid from mainland New Zealand in the sameyear. This specimen, OU40753, is represented by a well-preserved fragment of the body chamber of a species ofEutrephoceras.

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f K

ent]

at 0

7:10

09

Nov

embe

r 20

14

84 New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 1996, Vol. 39

Fig. 1 Map of South Island amiChatham Islands, New Zealandwith localities mentioned in tin.text. Base map modified slight]1

from Campbell et al. ( 1993).

e-s

Elsewhere in New Zealand in Upper Cretaceous rocks,species of Eutrephoceras have been recorded in a floatconcretion on Kairakau Beach, southern Hawke's Bay(Mangaotanean, Turonian, Upper Cretaceous) (Stevens inJohnston 1970, p. 74, footnote), in the Okarahia Sandstoneof southern Marlborough (Piripauan Stage, upperCampanian?) (Speden in Johnston 1970, p. 74; Warren &Speden 1978, p. 50, table 5), and an unnamed formation inthe Northland Allochthon (Unit 4 of Evans 1985, Haumurian,Maastrichtian) (Grant-Mackie in Johnston 1970, p. 74). InNew Zealand, Eutrephoceras extends into the Waipawan(lower Ypresian, lowermost Lower Eocene) (Beu & Maxwell1990, p. 425). The only other nautiloids recorded from theCretaceous include that of Cimomia, in deposits inMangapakeha Stream in Makirikiri Formation (?Urutawan—Motuan, Albian, upper Lower Cretaceous) (Johnston 1970,p. 73), in Sawpit Gully, Coverham, in Sawpit GullyMudstone (Ngaterian, probably lower Cenomanian,lowermost Upper Cretaceous) (Johnston 1970, p. 73), andin the Te Hoe River area, western Hawke's Bay, in theMaungataniwha Sandstone Member of Tahora Formation(Piripauan—Haumurian Stages, upper Campanian?—Maastrichtian, uppermost Cretaceous) (Crampton & Moore1990, p. 347, appendix 1 ). A moderately preserved specimenof a probable new species of Cymatoceratidae, genusindeterminate, was discovered recently by Grebneff in aMaastrichtian limestone exposed at Campbells Stream,Whales Back, Inland Kaikoura Road, southern Marlborough;this specimen, OU41316 (= AG2374 Grebneff collection),is figured herein (see Fig. 4B, 6G).

Around the rim of the southern circum-Pacific, LateCretaceous Eutrephoceras species have been recorded in theChatham Islands (Campbell et al. 1993, p. 53, table 4.3) (Fig.1) and Antarctic Peninsula (Spath 1953; Stilwell &Zinsmeister 1987a, b). Paleocene Eutrephoceras specieshave been reported from Chatham Islands (Campbell et al.1993, p. 85, table 4.11 ) and southeastern Australia (Teichert1943, 1947). A species of A turia Bronn, 1838, has also beenrecognised in the Paleocene of Chatham Islands (Campbellet al. 1993, p. 85, table 4.11); this species is discussed andfigured herein (Fig. 2C; 6A, C, D).

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY

Specimens used in this study are housed at the GeologyDepartment Museum, University of Otago (OU), andInstitute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Lower Hutt(IGNS). GS = Geological Survey collection locality. AG =Andrew Grebneff collection.

Phylum MOLLUSCA Linne, 1758Class CEPHALOPODA Cuvier, 1797

Subclass NAUTILOIDEA Agassiz, 1847Order NAUTILIDA Agassiz, 1847

Family NAUTILIDAE de Blainville, 1825Genus Eutrephoceras Hyatt, 1894

Eutrephoceras Hyatt, 1894, p. 555.TYPE SPECIES (by original designation): Nautilus dekav:Morton, 1834.

B

Fig. 2 Sutural traces. A, Eutrephoceras allaiii (Fleming. 1945)TM7764 (IGNS). B, Eutrephoceras allani (Fleming. 1945)TM7764 (IGNS). C, Aturia cf. A. mackavi (Fleming. 1945)TM7765 (IGNS). All xO.78.

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f K

ent]

at 0

7:10

09

Nov

embe

r 20

14

Stilwell & Grebneff—Nautiloids across the K-T boundary 85

Eutrephoceras sp. Fig. 3A—E; 4A, CEutrephoceras sp., Johnston 1970, pp. 74—75, pi. 2, fig. \—A;Campbell et al. 1993, p. 53, table 4.3.

DIMENSIONS (millimetres): OU40933 diameter 117.0,width c. 68.0 (shell partially distorted); OU41312 diameterc. 210.0, width 85.0; OU41313 diameter c. 155.0, width120.0 (shell partially crushed and distorted); OU41314diameter c. 83.0 (incomplete); OU41315 diameter c. 104.0,width 69.0 (shell partially crushed and distorted); TM7763(IGNS) length of fragment 51.5; TM7762 (IGNS) diameter67.0, width c. 55.0.

FIGURED SPECIMENS:7763 (IGNS).

OU40933,41312-41315; TM7762-

MATERIAL: Eight specimens.

LOCALITY: Fairfield Quarry, Dunedin, Otago, I44/H73(NZMS 260 grid reference I44/c.086762); ?west ofFlowerpot Bay Wharf, Pitt Island, Chatham Islands, CH/f466 (NZMS 260 grid reference CH/707233); base ofsection, northwest side of Rocky Side Bay, west side of baseof Taruwhenua Peninsula, Pitt Island, CH/f587 (NZMS 260grid reference CH/688225).

STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE: Fairfield Greensand Member ofBrighton Formation (= Abbotsford Formation?) (upperHaumurian, Maastrichtian, uppermost Cretaceous;Manumiella druggii Zone, Wilson 1992a); Kahuitara Tuff(Upper Cretaceous).

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: North and South Islands, NewZealand; Pitt Island, Chatham Island.

DISCUSSION: The Fairfield Quarry specimens (OU40933,41312-41315) and Pitt Island specimens (TM7762-7763,IGNS) are considered herein to be conspecific withEutrephoceras sp. of Johnston (1970). These specimens areequally moderately preserved and are still left in opennomenclature. The Fairfield Quarry specimens have asubglobose outline with a rapidly expanding last whorl,especially at the venter. One specimen, OU41315, reveals anarrow, deep umbilicus with rounded umbilical shoulders

comparable to specimens figured by Johnston (1970, see pi.2). In specimen OU41314, a single, small, centrally situated,orthochoantic septal neck is preserved. Sutural details aregenerally imperfectly preserved in the Fairfield Quarrymaterial, but in one individual, OU40933, the subequallyspaced sutures are nearly straight with poorly developeddorsal and ventral lobes. The straight, moderately stronggrowth lines are partially preserved on specimen OU40933.Specimen OU41312 has also preserved growth lines whichare moderately spaced and mostly straight to broadly sinuousnear the venter. Relationships of Eutrephoceras sp. withother coeval Austral species are uncertain, except that theChatham Islands species is probably conspecific. The bestpreserved specimen from Pitt Island, TM7762 (IGNS),reveals a moderately broad dorsal lobe and vestiges of theouter shell layer.

Eutrephoceras allani (Fleming, 1945) Fig. 2A, B; 5A, B;6B, E, F

Nautilus (s.l.) allani Fleming, 1945, pp. 416-417, pi. 62, fig. 16-18, text-fig. 2.Eutrephoceras allani (Fleming), Fleming, 1966, p. 87; Johnston1970, p. 73; Beu & Maxwell 1990, p. 425; Campbell et al. 1993,p. 85, table 4.11.

DIMENSIONS (millimetres): TM7764 (IGNS) diameter(incomplete) 84.5, width 58.0 (length of fragment 42.0showing cancellate protoconch part of same individual);OU40753 length of body chamber fragment 150.0,maximum shell thickness 5.5.

FIGURED SPECIMENS: TM7764 (IGNS), OU40753.

LOCALITIES: Bryozoan-rich tuff bed, southwestern end ofWaikaripi Cliffs, Chatham Island, CH/f477 (NZMS 260 gridreference CH/433539); cliffs, southwest of Radio Station,Chatham Island, CH/flO4 (NZMS 260 grid reference CH/438547) (type); Mitchells Rocks, Wangaloa, southeasternOtago, H46/fl66 (NZMS 260 grid reference H46/76753340).

STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE: Mitchells Rocks Member ofWangaloa Formation (Wangaloan, upper Danian, upperLower Paleocene; Palaeocystodiniun golzowense Zone,Wilson (1992b); Red Bluff Tuff (Upper Paleocene).

F'ig. 3 (on page 86) Latest Cretaceous nautiloids from South Island and Chatham Islands, New Zealand. All specimens whitened withammonium chloride. A, Eutrephoceras sp. Ventral view; remnants of missing later whorl adhere in umbilical areas. TM7762 (IGNS),CH/f587, GS13984, Rocky Side, Pitt Island, diameter = 67.0 mm, x2 (Campanian-Maastrichtian). B, Eutrephoceras sp. Left-lateralview showing internal sutures over early part where dorsal portions of later septa still adhere. TM7762 (IGNS), CH/f587, GS13984,Rocky Side, Pitt Island, diameter = 67.0 mm, x0.5 (Campanian—Maastrichtian). C, Eutrephoceras sp. Left-lateral view of distorted,carbonised specimen broken open to show orthochoantic septal neck on third-to-last preserved septum (see arrow). OU41314, 144/fl 73, Fairfield Quarry, Dunedin, diameter = c. 83.0 mm, xl (Maastrichtian). D, Eutrephoceras sp. Left-lateral view of carbonisedindividual, faintly showing growth lines and sutures. OU40933,144/f 173, Fairfield Quarry, diameter = 117.0 mm, x 1 (Maastrichtian).E, Eutrephoceras sp. Right-lateral view of carbonised specimen showing crushed body chamber and early parts. OU41312, I44/fl73,Fairfield Quarry, diameter = c. 210.0 mm, x0.5 (Maastrichtian).

Fig. 4 (on page 87) Latest Cretaceous nautiloids from South Island, New Zealand. A, Eutrephoceras sp. Left-lateral view of carbonisedspecimen. OU41315, I44/f 173, Fairfield Quarry, diameter = c. 104.0 mm, xl (Maastrichtian). B, Cymatoceratidae gen. et sp. indet.i Procvmatocerasi). Ventral view showing nepionic? constriction on right-hand side of photograph and slight distortion of body chamberat bottom of illustration; phragmocone undistorted. OU41316, Campbells Station, Whales Back, Inland Kaikoura Road, southernVlarlborough, diameter = 63.0 mm, x2 (Maastrichtian). C, Eutrephoceras sp. Ventral view of dorsoventrally compressed carbonisedspecimen. OU41313, I44/fl73, Fairfield Quarry, diameter = c. 155.0 mm, xl (Maastrichtian).

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f K

ent]

at 0

7:10

09

Nov

embe

r 20

14

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 1996, Vol. 39

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f K

ent]

at 0

7:10

09

Nov

embe

r 20

14

Stilwell & Grebneff—Nautiloids across the K-T boundary 87

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f K

ent]

at 0

7:10

09

Nov

embe

r 20

14

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 1996, Vol. 39

•'

V

Fig. 5 Early Paleocene nautiloid from South Island. A, B Eutrephoeeras allani (Fleming, 1945), large fragment of body chambeiand counterpart below. OU40753, H46/fl66, Mitchells Rocks, Wangaloa, southeastern Otago, length of fragment = 150.0 mm(reconstruction of shell indicates that the shell diameter probably exceeded 220 mm), shell thickness = 5.5 mm maximum, both xl (lateEarly Paleocene).

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f K

ent]

at 0

7:10

09

Nov

embe

r 20

14

Stilwell & Grebneff—Nautiloids across the K-T boundary 89

DISCUSSION: A single fragment of the body chamber of alarge nautiloid was collected by Grebneff from MitchellsRocks, Wangaloa, in 1989. The moderately strong, relativelystraight growth lines preserved on the well-preservedfragment match relatively well those of the upper Teurian—Waipawan (Upper Paleocene to lower Lower Eocene)species Eutrephoceras allani Fleming, 1945 (pp. 416-417,pi. 62, fig. 16-18). The shell thickness of this fragment isunusually thick at 5.5 mm. Reconstruction of the shell, basedon trends of the growth lines, indicates that the original shelldiameter probably exceeded 220 mm.

The type material of E. allani (Fleming 1945),comprising one incomplete specimen, was collectedoriginally by R. S. Allan of Canterbury University Collegein the Red Bluff Tuff exposed south of "Wireless Station,Waitangi, Chatham Islands". Further material of this specieswas collected by various workers in 1977 and is figuredherein. The 1977 collection consists of one large individualin several pieces (TM7764, IGNS). One fragment of theprotoconch of this specimen exhibits the characteristiccancellate sculpture of species of Eutrephoceras (Fig. 6E).This specimen further reveals pathologic growth as shownin the oblique trend of the septa, resulting probably from apredation attempt before maturity that did not kill it. Oneseptum within the phragmocone had a polychaete tubegrowing on it.

Family ATURIIDAE Chapman, 1857Genus Aturia Bronn, 1838

Aturia Bronn, 1838, p. 1122.

TYPE SPECIES (by subsequent designation, Hermannsen1846): Nautilus aturi Basterot, 1825.

Aturia cf. A. mackayi (Fleming, 1945) Fig. 2C; 6A, C, Dcf. Aturia (Brazaturia) mackayi Fleming, 1945, pp. 413—414, pi.60, fig. 4—7, text-fig, le—h.zL Aturia mackayi (Fleming), Beu & Maxwell 1990, p. 425.Aturia sp., Campbell et al. 1993, p. 85, table. 4.11.

DESCRIPTION: Shell moderately large for genus (diameter>7.5 mm, max. unknown), planispiral, involute, sublen-ticular; cross-section of whorl moderately rounded at venter,with flattened convex sides, becoming broader dorsallytoward moderately pronounced umbilical shoulder; suturesnearly straight at venter with weak lobe, swinging strongly

forward from umbilicus forming a moderately deep arch,then backward to form a deep, long, very narrowly roundedand pointed lateral lobe; dorsal lobes long, narrow, somewhatpointed; siphuncle central, subdorsal.

DIMENSIONS: TM7765 (IGNS) diameter 45.5 mmincomplete, width 25.5 mm.

FIGURED SPECIMEN: TM7765 (IGNS).

MATERIAL: Two specimens, one in pieces.

LOCALITY: Bryozoan-rich tuff bed 5 m thick in cliff abovebasal basalt outcrop, southwest end of Waikaripi Cliffs,Pukekoi, Chatham Island, CH/f477 (NZMS 260 gridreference CH/433539).

STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE: Red Bluff Tuff (Upper Paleocene);if conspecific with A. mackayi ranging into the Bortonian(upper Middle Eocene).

DISCUSSION: A moderately well preserved specimen fromthe Red Bluff Tuff (Upper Paleocene) of Chatham Island,TM7765 (IGNS), labelled as Eutrephoceras allani (Fleming)in the IGNS collection, is unequivocally an early repre-sentative of the Paleocene—Miocene genus Aturia Bronn,1838, and may be conspecific with the Eocene species Aturiamackayi (Fleming, 1945) recorded from the New Zealandmainland. One other Chatham Island specimen collectedfrom the same locality in 1977 (CH/f477) is fragmentarybut is conspecific. The Chatham Island species is apparentlyclosely related to and probably conspecific with A. mackayi,but these specimens have a more compressed dorsum, abetter defined umbilical shoulder, and a slightly deeperlateral saddle, compared to A. mackayi. These differencesare slight compared to the holotype of A. mackayi andprobably represent intraspecific variation.

Aturia cf. A. mackayi is similar to Aturoidea distansTeichert, 1943 (pp. 260-261, pi. 11, fig. 1-4, text-fig. 1; seealso Teichert 1947, pp. 40-43, fig. 1-4) from the PaleocenePebble Point Formation of southeastern Australia, but theChatham Island species has a better defined umbilicalshoulder, a slightly more central-positioned siphuncle, anddeeper and narrower lateral lobes. Similar differences arenoted also between A. cf. A. mackayi and the EoceneAntarctic species A. quartinoi Medina, del Valle & Rinaldi1981.

Fig. 6 Latest Cretaceous and Paleocene nautiloids from South Island and Chatham Islands. A, Aturia cf. A. mackayi (Fleming1945). Right-lateral view of phragmocone showing internal sutures on early part; later part decorticated to show external sutures.TM7765 (IGNS), CH/f477, GS12169, Pukekoi, Chatham Island, diameter = 45.5 mm, x2 (Late Paleocene). B, Eutrephoceras allaniFleming, 1945). Anterior view of specimen showing siphuncle; this septum forms the second-to-last suture in (F). TM7764 (IGNS),

CH/f477, GS12169, southwestern end of Waikaripi Cliffs, Pukekoi, Chatham Island, xl (Late Paleocene). C, Aturia cf. A. mackayiFleming, 1945). View of specimen, normal to last preserved septum, showing siphuncle and deep dorsal lobe on early part of whorl.TM7765 (IGNS), CH/T477, GS12169, Waikaripi Cliffs, diameter = 45.5 mm, x2 (Late Paleocene). D, Aturia cf. A. mackayi. Ventralview parallel to last preserved septum, showing dorsal lobes of internal suture. TM7765 (IGNS), CH/f477, GS12169, Waikaripi Cliffs,diameter = 45.5 mm. x2 (Late Paleocene). E, Eutrephoceras allani (Fleming). Fragment with adhering shell-wall of earlier missingvvhorl. showing characteristic cancellate sculpture. TM7764 (IGNS), CH/f477, GS12169, Waikaripi Cliffs, x2 (Late Paleocene).F, Eutrephoceras allani (Fleming). Left-lateral view of decorticated specimen showing portions of two whorls preserved. TM7764(GNS), CH/f477, GS12169, Waikaripi Cliffs, diameter = 150.0 mm, xl (Late Paleocene). G, Cymatoceratidae gen. et sp. indet.Procymatocerasl). Left-lateral view showing umbilicus, collabral wrinkles, constrictions, faint growth lines, and possible nepionic

;onstriction. OU41316, Campbells Station, Whales Back, Inland Kaikoura Road, diameter = 63.0 mm, x2 (Maastrichtian).

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f K

ent]

at 0

7:10

09

Nov

embe

r 20

14

90 New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 1996, Vol. 39

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f K

ent]

at 0

7:10

09

Nov

embe

r 20

14

Stilwell & Grebneff—Nautiloids across the K-T boundary 91

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank R. E. Fordyce, J. D. Campbell and D. E. Lee,University of Otago, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpfulcomments on the manuscript, and D. V. Weston, University ofOtago, for his assistance in photographing specimens. Ian W. Keyesgraciously loaned specimens from IGNS in this study. This projectwas supported by a University of Otago bridging grant to J.D.S.

REFERENCES

Agassiz, L. 1847: Lettre sur quelques points de'organisation desanimaux rayonnes. Paris. Comptes rendus 25: 677-682.

Arnold, J. M.; Carlson, B. A. 1986: Living nautilus embryos:preliminary observations. Science 232: 73-76.

ESasterot, B. de 1825: Description geologique du bassin tertiaredu sud-ouest de la France. Mémoire de la Société d'HistoireNaturelle de Paris 2 (1): 17.

E>eu, A. G.; Maxwell, P. A. 1990: Cenozoic Mollusca of NewZealand (drawings by R. C. Brazier). New ZealandGeological Survey bulletin 58. 518 p.

Blainville, H.-M. Ducrotay de 1825: Manuel de malacologie et deconchyliologie. Paris, F. G. Levrault, 647 p., 87 pl.

Bronn, H. G. 1838: Lethaea Geognostica, oder Abbildungen undBeschreibungen der fur die Gebirgsformationenbezeichnendsten Versteinerungen. Stuttgart.

Campbell, H. J.; Andrews, P. B.; Beu, A. G.; Maxwell, P. A.;Edwards, A. R.; Laird, M. G.; Hornibrook, N. de B.;Mildenhall, D. C ; Watters, W. A.; Buckeridge, J. S.; Lee,D. E.; Strong, C. P.; Wilson, G. J.; Hayward, B. W. 1993:Cretaceous -Cenozoic geology and biostratigraphy of theChatham Islands, New Zealand. Institute of Geological andNuclear Sciences monograph 2. 269 p., map.

Chapman, 1857: (fide Kummel 1964. Pp. K457).

Crampton, J. S.; Moore, P. R. 1990: Environment of deposition ofthe Maungataniwha Sandstone (Late Cretaceous), Te HoeRiver area, western Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. NewZealand journal of geology and geophysics 33: 333-348.

Cuvier, G. 1797: Tableau Elementaire de l'Histoire Naturelle desAnimaux. Paris, 710 p.

Evans, R. B. 1985: Geology and paleoecology of Cretaceous rocksin northern Kaipara, New Zealand. New Zealand journaloj' geology and geophysics 28: 609-622.

Fleming, C. A. 1945: Some New Zealand Tertiary cephalopods.Transactions of The Roval Society of New Zealand 74 (4):411-418, pl. 60-62.

Fleming, C. A. 1966: Marwick's illustrations of New Zealand shellswith a checklist of New Zealand Cenozoic Mollusca. NewZealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Researchbulletin 173. 456 p. 145 pl.

Gallagher, W. B. 1991: Selective extinction and survival acrossthe Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary in the northern AtlanticCoastal Plain. Geology 19: 967-970.

Hermannsen, A. N. 1846: Indicis generum ma/acozoorumprimordia. Nomina subgenerum, generum, familiarum,tibuum, ordinum, classum; adjectis auctoribus temporibus,locis, systematics atque literariis, etymis, synonymis.Cassel,T. Fischer. 1. Pp. 1-637.

Hyatt, A. 1894: Phylogeny of an acquired characteristic.Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 32:349-647.

Johnston, M. R. 1970: Anew nautiloid species, Cimomia zelandica,from New Zealand. Transactions of The Royal Society ofNew Zealand earth sciences 8 (5): 69-75, 2 pl.

Kennedy, W. J.; Cobban, W. A. 1977: The role of ammonites inbiostratigraphy. In: Kauffman, E. G.; Hazel, J. E. ed.Concepts and methods of biostratigraphy. Stroudsburg,Pennsylvania, Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross. Pp. 309-320.

Kummel, B. 1964: Nautiloidea-Nautilida. In: Moore, R. C. ed.Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Part K, Mollusca 3.The Geological Society of America and University ofKansas Press. Pp. K383-K457.

Linne, C. 1758: Systema Naturae. 10th ed. Stockholm. 823 p.

Medina, F. A.; del Valle, R. A.; Rinaldi, C. A. 1981: Nautiloideos(Eutrephoceras y Aturia) Eocenos de La Isla VicecomodoroMarambio, Peninsula Antartica. ANAIS II CongressoLatino-Americano Paleontologia, Porto Alegre, Abril 1981.Pp. 497-505.

Morton, S. G. 1834 [1833?]: Synopsis of the organic remains ofthe ferruginous sand formation of the United States.American journal of science 23 (2): 291.

Rhodes, M. C ; Thayer, W. 1991: Mass extinctions: ecologicalselectivity and primary production. Geology 19: 877-880.

Spath, L. F. 1953: The Upper Cretaceous cephalopod fauna ofGraham Land. Falkland Islands Dependencies Surveyscientific report 3: 1-60.

Stilwell, J. D. 1994: Latest Cretaceous to earliest Paleogenemolluscan faunas of New Zealand: changes in compositionas a consequence of the break-up of Gondwana andextinction. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, lodged in the Library,University of Otago, Dunedin. 1630 p., 84 pl.

Stilwell, J. D. ; Zinsmeister, W. J. 1987a: Late Cretaceous fossilsfrom Ula Point, James Ross Island, collected during the1986-87 expedition to the Antarctic Peninsula. Antarcticjournal of the United States of America 22 (5): 8-9.

Stilwell, J. D.; Zinsmeister, W. J. 1987b: Late Cretaceous faunalassemblage of Humps Island collected during the 1986-87 expedition to the Antarctic Peninsula. Antarctic journalof the United States of America 22 (5): 9-10.

Teichert, C. 1943: Eocene nautiloids from Victoria. Proceedingsof the Royal Society of Victoria 55 (2): 257-264, pl. 11.

Teichert, C. 1947: Notes on Eocene nautiloids from Victoria.Mining and geological journal 3 (1): 40-43.

Vines, G. 1992: Nautilus take slow lane to survival. New scientist,July: 16.

Warren, G.; Speden, I. G. 1978: The Piripauan and Haumurianstratotypes (Mata Series, Upper Cretaceous) and correlativesequences in the Haumuri Bluff district, SouthMarlborough. New Zealand Geological Survey bulletin 92.60 p.

Wilson, G. J. 1992a: Dinoflagellate biostratigraphy of theAbbotsford Formation and associated strata near Dunedin(144). New Zealand Geological Survey open-file reportGJW 230/92. 20 p.

Wilson, G. J. 1992b: Preliminary dinoflagellate biostratigraphyof the Wangaloa and Kauru Formations. New ZealandGeological Survey open-file report GJW 232/92. 3 p.

Zinsmeister, W. J. 1987: Unusual nautilid occurrence in the upperEocene La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctica.Journal of paleontology 61 (4): 724-726.

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f K

ent]

at 0

7:10

09

Nov

embe

r 20

14