reconstruction
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Reconstruction. 1865-1877. Aftershock: Beyond the Civil War. Part 1 Violence & Lincoln’s Assassination Part 2 Freedman’s Bureau & Johnson* Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Part 6 Part 7 Part 8 Part 9. Effects of the Civil War. Creation of a single unified country - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1865-1877
Part 1 Violence & Lincoln’s AssassinationPart 2 Freedman’s Bureau & Johnson*Part 3Part 4Part 5Part 6Part 7Part 8Part 9
Creation of a single unified countryAbolition of slavery (13th Amendment)Increased power to federal government –
killed the issue of states rights U.S. now an industrial nationA stronger sense of nationalismWestern lands increasingly opened to
settlementSouth was economically and physically
devastated, w/ the plantation system crippled...thus Reconstruction (rebuilding the U.S.) - but a deep hatred of the North remained...
2 things that had to be resolved at the end 2 things that had to be resolved at the end of the Civil Warof the Civil WarSeceded StatesSeceded StatesFreed SlavesFreed Slaves
None of these plans (so far) addressed issues facing
freed slaves Black CodesBlack Codes KKKKKK LynchingLynching
Proclamation of Amnesty and ReconstructionTen-PercentPlanOffered forgiveness to all southerners who Offered forgiveness to all southerners who
pledged loyalty to the Union pledged loyalty to the Union and support for and support for emancipationemancipation
With 10% of the population pledging this, the With 10% of the population pledging this, the state could then form a government that state could then form a government that banned slavery and be readmitted into the banned slavery and be readmitted into the UnionUnion
Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee, and VirginiaArkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee, and VirginiaAngered Radical RepublicansAngered Radical Republicans
Readmitting states to the Union was a power of Congress, not the president
Since secession was against the law, Since secession was against the law, Confederates had never legally left the Confederates had never legally left the UnionUnion
So Congress responds with…So Congress responds with…The Wade Davis BillThe Wade Davis BillOnce a majority of a state’s white, male Once a majority of a state’s white, male
citizens pledged loyalty to the union, it citizens pledged loyalty to the union, it would be readmitted into the Unionwould be readmitted into the Union
Lincoln Pocket vetoedLincoln Pocket vetoed
Becomes President after Lincoln is assassinated in 1865
Similar to Lincoln’s PlanExcept…
Wanted to break the planters’ power by excluding high-ranking Confederates and wealthy Southern landowners from voting
Pardoned more than 13,000 former Confederates so that “white men alone must manage the South”
All but Texas joined and sent Representatives to Congress, Congress refused to admit them
1866 Congress voted to enlarge the Freedmen’s Bureau & forbid S. states from passing black codesFreedmen’s Bureau provided food, clothing, hospitals,
legal protection and education to former slaves Johnson vetoed the Freedmen’s Bureau Act and the
Civil Rights Act
What do you see (symbols, people, etc.)?
What words are used?
What can you infer from or about the cartoon?
Favored tougher rules for restoring the states Favored tougher rules for restoring the states that had left the Unionthat had left the Union
Wanted to truly give freed slaves freedomWanted to truly give freed slaves freedomOverrode Johnson’s veto of the Freedman’s Overrode Johnson’s veto of the Freedman’s
Bureau and drafted the 14Bureau and drafted the 14thth Amendment Amendment 1414thth Amendment Amendment grants citizenship to “all person’s grants citizenship to “all person’s
born or naturalized in the United States” born or naturalized in the United States” Reconstruction plan:Reconstruction plan:
A.A. Ratify the 14Ratify the 14thth and 15 and 15thth Amendments AmendmentsB.B. Write new state constitution that guaranteed Write new state constitution that guaranteed
freedmen the right to votefreedmen the right to voteC.C. Form new governments to be elected by all male Form new governments to be elected by all male
citizens including African Americanscitizens including African Americans
Congress drafted the Reconstruction Plan of 1867 Denied state governments formed under the
Lincoln and Johnson plansDivided former Confederate states into 5
military districsThis would force southern states to grant African-
Americans the right to vote and pass the 14th amendment to reenter the union.
Johnson vetoed Congress overrode Johnson’s Presidential Veto
Congress upset with Johnson, look for grounds to impeach him.
Find it after he violates the Tenure of Office Act in 1868 by removing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton from office
Senate did not vote to convict so he remains in office
Ulysses S. Grant wins the election by 306,000 votes
Over 500,000 Southern African Americans had voted in which 9/10 voted for Grant
Radical Republicans introduce the 15th Amendment after the election15th Amendment no person can be kept from
voting based on “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”
Scalawags: white Southerners who joined the Republican PartyMainly small farmers wanting to improve their
economic positionCarpetbaggers: Northerners who moved to
the South after the warAfrican Americans
Discontinuity in Southern RepublicansScalawags and white Southerners resisted
equal rights for African Americans
95% of former slaves were illiterateFirst public schools established in the South
by the new African American churchesVoted and held office in local, state, and
federal governmentsMany forced into sharecropping because they
were denied landSharecropping: landowners divided their land
and assigned each head of household a few acres, along with seeds and tools.
Sharecroppers kept a small share of their crops and gave the rest to the landowners
Rise of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK).Goal was to destroy the Republican Party,
Reconstruction governments, aid the planter class, and keep Af. Am.’s from engaging in politics
Killed approximately 20,000 men, women & children
Boycotted Af. Am.s who voted RepublicanCongress passed a series of Enforcement Acts in
1870 and 1871 to try and block the KKKSupervision of elections in Southern statesGave President power to use fed. Troops where
KKK was activeMay 1872 Congress passed the Amnesty Act
allowing 150,000 former Confederates the right to vote and hold government offices
Also allowed the Freedman’s Bureau to expire
What do you see (symbols, people, etc.)?
What words are used?
What can you infer from or about the cartoon?
Panic of 1873 after a series of banks fail leads to a 5 year depression
Supreme Court undoes some of the social and political changes Radicals made
Republicans retreat from Reconstruction policiesSouthern Democrats regain control of the SouthElection of 1876
Samuel J. Tilden (D) vs. Rutherford B. Hayes (R)Tilden wins popular vote but misses by 1 electoral
voteS. Democrats agree to accept Hayes if federal
troops are withdrawn from the South