reconstructing the flight kinematics of swarming and mating in wild mosquitoes by sachit butail,...
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![Page 1: Reconstructing the flight kinematics of swarming and mating in wild mosquitoes by Sachit Butail, Nicholas Manoukis, Moussa Diallo, José M. Ribeiro, Tovi](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649d025503460f949d59df/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Reconstructing the flight kinematics of swarming and mating in wild mosquitoes
by Sachit Butail, Nicholas Manoukis, Moussa Diallo, José M. Ribeiro, Tovi Lehmann, and Derek A. Paley
InterfaceVolume 9(75):2624-2638
October 7, 2012
©2012 by The Royal Society
![Page 2: Reconstructing the flight kinematics of swarming and mating in wild mosquitoes by Sachit Butail, Nicholas Manoukis, Moussa Diallo, José M. Ribeiro, Tovi](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649d025503460f949d59df/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The pair of images above are magnified and enhanced versions of raw footage obtained from the authors' fieldwork in Mali.
Sachit Butail et al. J. R. Soc. Interface 2012;9:2624-2638
©2012 by The Royal Society
![Page 3: Reconstructing the flight kinematics of swarming and mating in wild mosquitoes by Sachit Butail, Nicholas Manoukis, Moussa Diallo, José M. Ribeiro, Tovi](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649d025503460f949d59df/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Block-diagram of the mosquito tracking system.
Sachit Butail et al. J. R. Soc. Interface 2012;9:2624-2638
©2012 by The Royal Society
![Page 4: Reconstructing the flight kinematics of swarming and mating in wild mosquitoes by Sachit Butail, Nicholas Manoukis, Moussa Diallo, José M. Ribeiro, Tovi](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649d025503460f949d59df/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Top-down view of the (a) position and (b) velocity likelihood functions on a plane orthogonal to the image and parallel to the camera axis.
Sachit Butail et al. J. R. Soc. Interface 2012;9:2624-2638
©2012 by The Royal Society
![Page 5: Reconstructing the flight kinematics of swarming and mating in wild mosquitoes by Sachit Butail, Nicholas Manoukis, Moussa Diallo, José M. Ribeiro, Tovi](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649d025503460f949d59df/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
(a) Two-dimensional projection of a 1 cm sphere tracing the interpolated path of a mosquito.
Sachit Butail et al. J. R. Soc. Interface 2012;9:2624-2638
©2012 by The Royal Society
![Page 6: Reconstructing the flight kinematics of swarming and mating in wild mosquitoes by Sachit Butail, Nicholas Manoukis, Moussa Diallo, José M. Ribeiro, Tovi](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649d025503460f949d59df/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Four examples of occlusion resolution by soft-clustering the occluded blobs into two individual mosquito streaks.
Sachit Butail et al. J. R. Soc. Interface 2012;9:2624-2638
©2012 by The Royal Society
![Page 7: Reconstructing the flight kinematics of swarming and mating in wild mosquitoes by Sachit Butail, Nicholas Manoukis, Moussa Diallo, José M. Ribeiro, Tovi](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649d025503460f949d59df/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The data collection system consists of the stereo camera rig and a laptop powered by an uninterrupted power supply (UPS).
Sachit Butail et al. J. R. Soc. Interface 2012;9:2624-2638
©2012 by The Royal Society
![Page 8: Reconstructing the flight kinematics of swarming and mating in wild mosquitoes by Sachit Butail, Nicholas Manoukis, Moussa Diallo, José M. Ribeiro, Tovi](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649d025503460f949d59df/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
(a) Position (dashed blue) and cardinality error (solid green) for a swarm of 10 mosquitoes.
Sachit Butail et al. J. R. Soc. Interface 2012;9:2624-2638
©2012 by The Royal Society
![Page 9: Reconstructing the flight kinematics of swarming and mating in wild mosquitoes by Sachit Butail, Nicholas Manoukis, Moussa Diallo, José M. Ribeiro, Tovi](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649d025503460f949d59df/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
GPS measurements of filming locations in Mali, Africa ©2012 Google, ©2012 DigitalGlobe.
Sachit Butail et al. J. R. Soc. Interface 2012;9:2624-2638
©2012 by The Royal Society
![Page 10: Reconstructing the flight kinematics of swarming and mating in wild mosquitoes by Sachit Butail, Nicholas Manoukis, Moussa Diallo, José M. Ribeiro, Tovi](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649d025503460f949d59df/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Instantaneous three-dimensional (a) position and (b) velocity tracks of a male mosquito (black solid) in the Aug. 29 sequence (S molecular form).
Sachit Butail et al. J. R. Soc. Interface 2012;9:2624-2638
©2012 by The Royal Society
![Page 11: Reconstructing the flight kinematics of swarming and mating in wild mosquitoes by Sachit Butail, Nicholas Manoukis, Moussa Diallo, José M. Ribeiro, Tovi](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649d025503460f949d59df/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Instantaneous horizontal versus vertical speed of male mosquitoes in six sequences (black dots).
Sachit Butail et al. J. R. Soc. Interface 2012;9:2624-2638
©2012 by The Royal Society
![Page 12: Reconstructing the flight kinematics of swarming and mating in wild mosquitoes by Sachit Butail, Nicholas Manoukis, Moussa Diallo, José M. Ribeiro, Tovi](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649d025503460f949d59df/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Instantaneous three-dimensional (a) position and (b) velocity of a female mosquito that coupled in the Aug. 29 sequence, filmed 70 s after the male position and velocity shown in figure 9.
Sachit Butail et al. J. R. Soc. Interface 2012;9:2624-2638
©2012 by The Royal Society
![Page 13: Reconstructing the flight kinematics of swarming and mating in wild mosquitoes by Sachit Butail, Nicholas Manoukis, Moussa Diallo, José M. Ribeiro, Tovi](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649d025503460f949d59df/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Three-dimensional reconstruction of A. gambiae mating events in the wild.
Sachit Butail et al. J. R. Soc. Interface 2012;9:2624-2638
©2012 by The Royal Society
![Page 14: Reconstructing the flight kinematics of swarming and mating in wild mosquitoes by Sachit Butail, Nicholas Manoukis, Moussa Diallo, José M. Ribeiro, Tovi](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649d025503460f949d59df/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Relative distance (a) and speeds (b) of mating male and female A. gambiae mosquitoes in six mating sequences.
Sachit Butail et al. J. R. Soc. Interface 2012;9:2624-2638
©2012 by The Royal Society