recognising research: approaches & designs introduction to study skills & research methods...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Recognising Research: Approaches & Designs Introduction to Study Skills & Research Methods (HL10040) Dr James Betts](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062619/5515e061550346dd6f8b4cd1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Recognising Research:
Approaches & Designs
Introduction to Study Skills & Research Methods (HL10040)
Dr James Betts
![Page 2: Recognising Research: Approaches & Designs Introduction to Study Skills & Research Methods (HL10040) Dr James Betts](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062619/5515e061550346dd6f8b4cd1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Lecture Outline:•The Research Process
•The Research Design Continuum
•Experimental Designs
•Sampling Methods
•Scientific Reasoning
•Quantitative & Qualitative Research Strategies.
![Page 3: Recognising Research: Approaches & Designs Introduction to Study Skills & Research Methods (HL10040) Dr James Betts](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062619/5515e061550346dd6f8b4cd1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is Research?
• A systematic means of problem solving (Tuckman 1978)
• 5 key characteristics:
![Page 4: Recognising Research: Approaches & Designs Introduction to Study Skills & Research Methods (HL10040) Dr James Betts](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062619/5515e061550346dd6f8b4cd1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Research Process
![Page 5: Recognising Research: Approaches & Designs Introduction to Study Skills & Research Methods (HL10040) Dr James Betts](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062619/5515e061550346dd6f8b4cd1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Research Continuum
Basic Applied
![Page 6: Recognising Research: Approaches & Designs Introduction to Study Skills & Research Methods (HL10040) Dr James Betts](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062619/5515e061550346dd6f8b4cd1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Research Design Continuum
Research Design
Analytical Research
Descriptive Research
Experimental Research
![Page 7: Recognising Research: Approaches & Designs Introduction to Study Skills & Research Methods (HL10040) Dr James Betts](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062619/5515e061550346dd6f8b4cd1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Analytical Research• Reviews
• Historical Research
• Philosophical Research
![Page 8: Recognising Research: Approaches & Designs Introduction to Study Skills & Research Methods (HL10040) Dr James Betts](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062619/5515e061550346dd6f8b4cd1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Descriptive Research• Case Study
• Survey
![Page 9: Recognising Research: Approaches & Designs Introduction to Study Skills & Research Methods (HL10040) Dr James Betts](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062619/5515e061550346dd6f8b4cd1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Correlational Evidence
• When variable X increases, variable Y also increases
• So, does X increase Y?– or does Y increase X?
• Alternatively, does Z increase both X and Y?
![Page 10: Recognising Research: Approaches & Designs Introduction to Study Skills & Research Methods (HL10040) Dr James Betts](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062619/5515e061550346dd6f8b4cd1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Experimental Research• Experimental research involves a direct assessment of
how one variable influences another• This allows the establishment of causality• All extraneous variables must be held constant while a
single variable is manipulated and the effect measured• Definition of variables:
![Page 11: Recognising Research: Approaches & Designs Introduction to Study Skills & Research Methods (HL10040) Dr James Betts](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062619/5515e061550346dd6f8b4cd1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Experimental Designs• Pre-Experimental• Quasi-Experimental• True-Experimental
Key:
– R = random assignment to groups
– O1,2… = observation of group x (recording of DV)
– Oa,b… = observation of group y (recording of DV)
– T = treatment (IV)
– P = placebo (IV).
![Page 12: Recognising Research: Approaches & Designs Introduction to Study Skills & Research Methods (HL10040) Dr James Betts](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062619/5515e061550346dd6f8b4cd1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Pre-Experimental Designs
One Shot Study
One Group Pre-test Post-test
![Page 13: Recognising Research: Approaches & Designs Introduction to Study Skills & Research Methods (HL10040) Dr James Betts](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062619/5515e061550346dd6f8b4cd1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Pre-Experimental Designs
Static Group Comparison
Time series
![Page 14: Recognising Research: Approaches & Designs Introduction to Study Skills & Research Methods (HL10040) Dr James Betts](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062619/5515e061550346dd6f8b4cd1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
True-Experimental DesignsRandomised Group Comparison
Pre-test Post-test Randomised Group Comparison
![Page 15: Recognising Research: Approaches & Designs Introduction to Study Skills & Research Methods (HL10040) Dr James Betts](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062619/5515e061550346dd6f8b4cd1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
True-Experimental DesignsSolomon Four-Group Design
![Page 16: Recognising Research: Approaches & Designs Introduction to Study Skills & Research Methods (HL10040) Dr James Betts](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062619/5515e061550346dd6f8b4cd1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Sampling
• Effective Sampling produces a n which is representative of N
• Note: n is only ever representative of the N it was drawn from, i.e. not necessarily the general population.
![Page 17: Recognising Research: Approaches & Designs Introduction to Study Skills & Research Methods (HL10040) Dr James Betts](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062619/5515e061550346dd6f8b4cd1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Sampling Methods• Random-
• Stage-
• Cluster-
• Stratified-
• Systematic-
• Opportunity-
![Page 18: Recognising Research: Approaches & Designs Introduction to Study Skills & Research Methods (HL10040) Dr James Betts](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062619/5515e061550346dd6f8b4cd1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Scientific Reasoning (Logic)
General Theory
Specific Observation
Formation of a theory grounded in your own observations
Confirmation of a theory from your own observations
![Page 19: Recognising Research: Approaches & Designs Introduction to Study Skills & Research Methods (HL10040) Dr James Betts](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062619/5515e061550346dd6f8b4cd1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Quantitative versus Qualitative
Quantitative Research Strategy Qualitative Research Strategy
![Page 20: Recognising Research: Approaches & Designs Introduction to Study Skills & Research Methods (HL10040) Dr James Betts](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062619/5515e061550346dd6f8b4cd1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Choice of Research Strategy…
• Based on:– Epistemology (How should we be attempting to assess
knowledge?)
– Ontology (Does the data exist in a tangible or an intangible form?)
![Page 21: Recognising Research: Approaches & Designs Introduction to Study Skills & Research Methods (HL10040) Dr James Betts](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062619/5515e061550346dd6f8b4cd1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Choice of Research Strategy…
• Study in the natural sciences often requiresand
• Study in the social sciences often requires and
![Page 22: Recognising Research: Approaches & Designs Introduction to Study Skills & Research Methods (HL10040) Dr James Betts](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062619/5515e061550346dd6f8b4cd1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Selected Reading
• Thomas J. R. & Nelson J. K. (2005) Research Methods in Physical Activity, 5th edition. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics
• Berg K. E. & Latin R. W. (2008) Essentials of Research Methods in Health, Physical Eduction, Exercise Science, and Recreation, 3rd edition. Maryland: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins