Rechargeable batteries!

By: Jasmina (Nina) Jovanovic

Chemistry behind batteries:

Battery – a group of two or more galvanic cells connected in series

1. Disposable batteries - primary cell ( cannot be recharged)

2. Rechargeable batteries- secondary cell ( can be recharged)

A galvanic cell - spontaneously produce electric current

Half cell= electrode + electrolyte

Chemistry behind batteries:A battery with two electrodes voltaic

cell.

Electrical current runs in between the battery’s two electrodes

Electrolyte - in liquid or solid state

Electrolyte- contains ions

Chemistry behind batteries:What are rechargeable batteries?

Known as storage batteries due to their ability to accumulate and store energy

Group of one or more electrochemical cells

Known as secondary cells since its electrochemical reactions are electrically reversible

Standard power source for today’s products

Exist in many shapes and sizes

Chemistry behind batteries :

Batteries made up of plates Device connects

= electrons move to the +’ve side

Secondary cell: External source of electrical energy is required Redox reaction needs to be reversed Allows it to be reused

Current produces through an electrochemical reaction involving anode, cathode, and electrolyte

Electrons flow from one electrode to another through an electrolyte

Outside source is used to apply the electrical energy to a secondary cell

(-) to (+) electron flow that happens during discharge is reversed, and the cell’s charge is restored.

The Different Types of Rechargeable Battery:-Nickel Cadmium (NiCd)-Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH)-Lithium-ion (Li-ion)- Sealed Lead Acid (SLA)

Better option than disposable batteries

Reduce the amount of waste generated

Advantages of using Rechargeable batteries:

Help the environment

Convenience

Cost efficient

Better performance

Disadvantages of using rechargeable batteries:

Charging

Hazard

Uses

Capacity of a standard rechargeable battery before it has to be recharged:

Battery Type Total Capacity Self-DischargeRate

Use Charactersitics

Nickel-Metal Hydride(NiMH)

Up to 1,000, AAA.Up to 2,700 mAh, AA.Available capacities vary widely. Check the mAh rating before you buy.

Does not hold charge well over long periods.Loses 4 percent per day1, much more in warm temperatures.

Works well in devices that require sudden high amperage discharge, such as digital cameras. Also works well in most other devices

Low Self DischargeNickel-Metal Hydride(LSD NiMH)

Up to 800, AAA.Up to 2,000, AAAlmost all LSD batteries sold have close to these capacities.

Holds charge well over long periods.Loses 15 percent per year2, very slightly more in warm temperatures.

Works well in devices that require sudden high amperage discharge, such as digital cameras. Also works well in most other devices.

Nickel-Cadmium(NiCd)

Up to 350 mAh, AAA.Up to 1,000 mAh, AA.Available capacities vary widely. Check the mAh rating before you buy.

Loses 1 percent per day3, slightly more in warm temperatures.

Does not work well in devices that require

sudden high amperage discharges. Does not work well in digital cameras, but does

work well in most other devices.

Methods that should be used for disposing batteries: Alkaline and carbon-zinc batteries, and

individual NiMH batteries =disposed with the regular household trash.

Batteries that are before1996 ( large amount of mercury)=hazardous waste

Button batteries containing mercury oxide, silver oxide and zinc-air cells, and sealed lead-acid batteries=hazardous waste.

Avoid disposing too many batteries, together at once

Car batteries that contain lead should be brought only to waste management centres.

Impact of the rechargeable batteries in portable electronic devices on society:New electronics

No need for changing batteries constantly

Provides people with more powerful, reliable, and reusable-costing.

Many portable electronic devices use only rechargeable batteries

Helped many companies develop in many industries

Resources: Jewell, E. (2010, 13). LIVESTRONG.COM. BATTERY DISPOSAL

METHODS. Retrieved March 22, 2013, from http://www.livestrong.com/article/148016-battery-disposal-methods/

(2012, 30). CalRecycle . Rechargeable Batteries and Chargers: A Personal Perspective. Retrieved March 24, 2013, from http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ReduceWaste/power/rechbattinfo.htm

Jarrett, J. (2013, ). Battery Chargers and the Benefits of Rechargeable Batteries. Retrieved March 24, 2013, from http://battery-charger-review.toptenreviews.com/battery-chargers-and-the-benefits-of-rechargeable-batteries.html

Jarrett, J. (2011, 15). Battery Force. The Different Types of Rechargeable Battery. Retrieved March 25, 2013, from http://blog.battery-force.co.uk/battery-news/the-different-types-of-rechargeable-battery/

Story, J. (2009). What are rechargeable batteries. Retrieved from http://www.informinc.org/fact_battery.php

Everyday chemistry. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.humantouchofchemistry.com/how-do-rechargeable-batteries-work.htm

DERDERIAN , C. RECHARGEABLE BATTERY CHEMISTRIES. Retrieved March 25, 2013, from http://www.des.pf/itereva/disciplines/sti/prod/apsecondes/FTP/TP%20HnD%20-%20Week%203/files/Docs/Rechargeable_battery_chemistries.pdf