Recent techniques in Recent techniques in Precision Agriculture in AsiaPrecision Agriculture in Asia

Byungkyun ChungByungkyun Chung

IntroductionIntroduction

In a broad sense agriculture includes In a broad sense agriculture includes cultivation of the soil, growing and cultivation of the soil, growing and harvesting crops, breeding and raising of harvesting crops, breeding and raising of livestock, dairying, and forestry livestock, dairying, and forestry

Modern agriculture depends heavily on Modern agriculture depends heavily on engineering and technology and on the engineering and technology and on the biological and physical sciences for biological and physical sciences for successful farming.successful farming.

IntroductionIntroduction

Began farming 4000 yr ago in AsiaBegan farming 4000 yr ago in Asia At present, SE Asia produces 150 M tons of At present, SE Asia produces 150 M tons of

paddy per year (paddy per year (25% of world production25% of world production), of ), of which 95% is consumed within the region. which 95% is consumed within the region.

While per capita demand is expected to While per capita demand is expected to decrease in the future, total demand for rice decrease in the future, total demand for rice in SE Asia is increasedin SE Asia is increased

IntroductionIntroduction

SE AsiaSE Asia

yearyear 20002000 20202020 20502050

Population, millionsPopulation, millions520520 650650 780780

Rice production, Rice production, million tonsmillion tons 150150 160160 180180

Per capita Per capita consumption, kgconsumption, kg 270270 250250 230230

Techniques in Agriculture in AsiaTechniques in Agriculture in Asia

By handBy hand By using animalBy using animal Using terraceUsing terrace Using small Using small

machinerymachinery Using zero-burnUsing zero-burn

By handBy hand

By using animalBy using animal

By using terraceBy using terrace

Using small tractorUsing small tractor

By zero-burningBy zero-burning

TTo convert biomass o convert biomass into plant available into plant available nutrientsnutrients

For poor farmer on For poor farmer on acid upland soils acid upland soils

Low costLow cost

Why they keep these techniquesWhy they keep these techniques

Small farm land of Small farm land of local farmer in Asialocal farmer in Asia

Poor money Poor money Lack of knowledgeLack of knowledge Developing countryDeveloping country

Closed Field SystemClosed Field System(Hydroponic system)(Hydroponic system)

The average farm size The average farm size in East Asia is not large in East Asia is not large and cost efficiency for and cost efficiency for open field agricultureopen field agriculture

Closed field systems Closed field systems ((Hydroponic systemHydroponic system) is for ) is for energy savings with energy savings with zero emissionzero emission– GreenhousesGreenhouses

GreenhousesGreenhouses

AdvantagesAdvantages– Is to protect crops (Is to protect crops (vegetablesvegetables) from ) from

unfavorable growing conditions (unfavorable growing conditions (bad bad

weather, insects and birdsweather, insects and birds))

– Use natural and renewable energy (solar, Use natural and renewable energy (solar, wind, biomass)wind, biomass)

– Higher yield and lower costs Higher yield and lower costs

GreenhousesGreenhouses

DisadvantagesDisadvantages– Generated Chloride gas from PVC if it is Generated Chloride gas from PVC if it is

burn (burn (180 ˚C180 ˚C))

– Plastic wastes-burn, recyclingPlastic wastes-burn, recycling

– Accumulation of undesirable salts in Accumulation of undesirable salts in system (system (Dumping entire solution which plants Dumping entire solution which plants

needneed))

GreenhousesGreenhouses

Mulching → row covers Mulching → row covers → small tunnels → → small tunnels → plastic housesplastic houses

GreenhousesGreenhouses

More than half of the More than half of the world area of plastic world area of plastic greenhouses is in greenhouses is in Asia and again China Asia and again China has the largest areahas the largest area

Framed and Floating- Framed and Floating- Tunnels and Floating Tunnels and Floating Mulching (Mulching (Okinawa, Okinawa,

JapanJapan))

GreenhousesGreenhouses

Use material as Use material as PVC, EVA, PE, PET PVC, EVA, PE, PET ((long wave radiationlong wave radiation), ), Rigid polyester rigid Rigid polyester rigid and so onand so on

Glass greenhouse is Glass greenhouse is best (best ($126/m$126/m2 2 costcost))

19911991 19991999

China, haChina, ha 10001000 80008000

Japan, haJapan, ha 40004000 60006000

Adapting Techniques in Precision Adapting Techniques in Precision agriculture in Asia agriculture in Asia

Integrating the elements necessary for Integrating the elements necessary for fertilization recommendation system.fertilization recommendation system.

Pest management systemPest management system Developing machinery for yield monitoring Developing machinery for yield monitoring

and mapping systemand mapping system Field-based remote sensing systemField-based remote sensing system Variable-rate pesticide spraying systemVariable-rate pesticide spraying system Variable-rate fertilizing systemVariable-rate fertilizing system

ConclusionConclusion

Precision agricultural techniques have lots Precision agricultural techniques have lots of benefits.of benefits.

Rice and Wheat price are lower in Rice and Wheat price are lower in California, USA than in Korea.California, USA than in Korea.

ConclusionConclusionIn USA, precision In USA, precision agriculture techniques agriculture techniques have researched for have researched for 10years and 10years and recommend the recommend the techniques techniques

However, in Asia However, in Asia researchers begin to researchers begin to find suitable techniques find suitable techniques for small farming area.for small farming area.

ReferenceReference

www.adbio.com/science/agri-history.htmwww.adbio.com/science/agri-history.htm www.photovault.comwww.photovault.com Ernst Mutert and T.H. Fairhurst. 2002. Ernst Mutert and T.H. Fairhurst. 2002.

“Developments in Rice Production in “Developments in Rice Production in Southeast Asia”. Better Crops International. Southeast Asia”. Better Crops International. Vol 15. Special Supplement. pp 12-17.Vol 15. Special Supplement. pp 12-17.

www.abc.net.au/science/slab/rice/story.htmwww.abc.net.au/science/slab/rice/story.htm http://www.agnet.org/library/article/eb478.htmhttp://www.agnet.org/library/article/eb478.htm http://ecaaser3.ecaa.ntu.edu.tw/weifang/Bio-ctrl/http://ecaaser3.ecaa.ntu.edu.tw/weifang/Bio-ctrl/

cuc-chap1.pdfcuc-chap1.pdf

ReferenceReference

http://cigr-ejournal.tamu.edu/Submissionshttp://cigr-ejournal.tamu.edu/Submissions%5CInvited%20Overview%20Fu-ming%20Lu%5CInvited%20Overview%20Fu-ming%20Lu%202Feb2004.pdf %202Feb2004.pdf

http://europa.eu.int/comm/europeaid/projects/asia-http://europa.eu.int/comm/europeaid/projects/asia-itc/html/areas/agri_further_info.htmitc/html/areas/agri_further_info.htm

http://www.gisdevelopment.net/technology/gps/http://www.gisdevelopment.net/technology/gps/pdf/ma03194.pdf pdf/ma03194.pdf

http://cigr-ejournal.tamu.edu/%5CSubmissionshttp://cigr-ejournal.tamu.edu/%5CSubmissions%5CTakakura%2018Oct2002.pdf %5CTakakura%2018Oct2002.pdf

Thank you ~!Thank you ~!