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TRANSCRIPT
Recent developmentof liquid biofuels in the European Union
14 July 2006
Sofia
Jean-Marc Jossart
Content
- Directives 2003/30 and 96- Biomass Action Plan- EU strategy for biofuels - BIOFRAC and EBTP- Standards - Overview of market developments
Directive 2003/30
•Objectives : 2% in 2005 5,75% in 2010
•National indicative targets and reports
•Review of the directive by the end of 2006
Directive 2003/96
•Minimum taxes on diesel, gasoline, etc.
•Possible reduction for 6 years
•No overcompensation
Figure 1 - Market share of biofuels in EU member states, 2003 (energy content, %)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.1
0.14
0.21
0.49
0.5
0.6
0.68
0.76
1.12
1.18
1.32
Belgium
Cyprus
Denmark
Estonia
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Portugal
Slovenia
Malta
Netherlands
UK
Austria
Finland
Slovak Republic
Latvia
Poland
Italy
EU
France
Spain
Czech Republic
Germany
Sweden
Source : EC - DG TREN
National indicative targets for biofuel market share in EU member states, 2005 (%)
0
0
0
0,06
0,1
0,3
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,65
0,7
1
1
1,4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2,5
2,84
3
Denmark
Luxembourg (assumed)
Netherlands (2% target for 2006)
Ireland
Finland
Malta
UK
Hungary (0.4 to 0.6)
Poland
Slovenia
Greece
Cyprus
Italy
EU
Belgium
Estonia
Lithuania
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Latvia
France
Spain
Germany
Austria
Czech Republic (assuming linear path to 2006 target)
Sweden
Source : EC - DG TREN
National indicative targets for biofuel market share in EU member states, 2010 (%)
2.5
3.5
4
5
5.55
5.75
5.75
5.75
5.75
5.75
5.75
5.75
5.75
5.75
5.75
5.75
5.75
Italy
UK (assuming 50:50 ethanol:diesel split)
Hungary
Slovenia
Czech Republic
Austria
Belgium
France
Germany
Greece
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Poland
Slovakia
Sweden
Not yet fixed (need not fix until 2007): Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Ireland, Malta, Portugal, Spain
Source : EC - DG TREN
Incentives
•Fiscal advantage : 25 – 64 c€/l biodiesel, 29 – 75 c€/l ethanol (FR, DE, IT, AT, PO, SP, SE, UK, BE)
•Based on market or through call for tenders (FR, BE)
•Future biofuels obligations ?
Biomass for electricity
Biomass for heat
Liquid biofuels2003 2010
20
48
1Total 69
55
75
19
Total 149
+ 35
+ 27
+ 18
Additional + 80
Biomass Action Plan COM(2005)628
Objectives (Mtoe)
48 TWh 174 TWh
•Revision of the biofuels directive
•Encourage second generation biofuels
•Public procurement of clean vehicles
•Biofuels – CO2 reduction targets for cars
•Balanced approach for imports
•Amend the biodiesel standard (type of oil, ethanol)
•Review the fuel quality directive (VP - ethanol, % biodiesel)
•Communication
Biomass Action Plan COM(2005)628
EU Strategy for Biofuels COM(2006)34
1. Stimulating demand
2. Capturing environmental benefits
3. Developing the production and distribution of biofuels
4. Expanding feedstock supplies
5. Enhancing trade opportunities
6. Supporting developing countries
7. Supporting research and development
7 policy axes
BIOFRAC and European Biofuels Technology Platform
Biofuels Research Advisory Council : Vision for 2030, demand, resource, supply 25% biofuels by 2030
Roadmap : 1st generation 2nd generation Integrated refinery concept
Creation of European Biofuels Technology Platform (June 06)
Standards
New Fuels Coordination Group
Task Force EthanolSpécifications éthanol
CEN TC 19 WG21Spécifications Essence
Task Force FAMESpécifications EMAG
CEN TC 19 WG24Spécifications Diesel
CEN TC 19 WG25Spécifications EMAG
pour Mazout
Autres WGMéthodes
CEN TC 19
Standards
•EN 590 for diesel, 5% biodiesel allowed
•EN 228 for gasoline, 5% ethanol allowed
•EN 14214 for biodiesel
•E85 treated separately (CWA 15293)
Priorities for future•Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester - FAEE (inside EN14214)
•Revision of EN590 for 10% biodiesel
•Ethanol 10% (depending on dir 2003/17)
•Later : BTL, B>10, PPO
StandardsExisting
•~ 70 plants biodiesel•~ 30 plants éthanol•~ 8 plants ETBE
Market development
Biodiesel
Source EBB
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1998 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005
AllemagneFranceItalieAutres UE-25Total UE-25
EU-25
EU-15
EU-15
EU-15
EU-15
EU-25
Market development
Biodiesel
In Germany biodiesel isused pure by captive fleets, through 2000 pumps, andin blending (< 5%)
In France half of the refineries are incorporating biodiesel (< 5%). Busses in 30 cities are fuelledwith 30% biodiesel blends.
Market development
Flexi-fuels vehicles (canrun on 85% ethanol) have started market penetrationin Sweden (15000 units). Projects for Germany andFrance In Sweden, 300 pumps
are distributing Ethanol 85%
3 plants have started ethanolproduction in Germany in 2005, for example in Zeitz, 300 000 m3 /year
Ethanol et ETBEMarket development
Pure vegetable oil
In Germany more than 200 small units are producingrapeseed oil for direct use in modified engines
Market development
In Sweden biogas starts its development with 60 gas tank stations
Biogas
Market development
