reasons for english colonization
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Reasons for English Colonization. By: Mr. Daniell. Economic Reasons. Mercantilism. More Economic Reasons. High unemployment in England caused by landowners who forced tenant farmers off the land Promise of gold to increase England’s wealth - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Reasons for English Colonization
By: Mr. Daniell
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Economic Reasons• Mercantilism
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More Economic Reasons
• High unemployment in England caused by landowners who forced tenant farmers off the land
• Promise of gold to increase England’s wealth• Indentured servants – young, unskilled workers
who exchanged their labor for a period of time, usually three to seven years, for passage, room, and board in America for a better life
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Jamestown(Example of Economic Reason for Colonization)• 1607 - Jamestown founded in Virginia; first permanent English settlement in North America.
http://www.history.com/topics/jamestown/videos#life-in-jamestown
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Jamestown
• Reason for settlement: –King James I granted a charter to a group of
London entrepreneurs, the Virginia Company, to settle Virginia, find gold, and seek a water route to the east
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Jamestown
• Early hardships: – Hot climate was not conducive to the growth of
the plants they had brought from England (farming)
– Swampy location of settlement caused health issues – polluted water, mosquitoes spreading disease (disease caused 80% of colonists to die)
– Attacks by the native Algonquian Indians made life almost impossible
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Jamestown• John Smith – leader of
Jamestown established rigid discipline, strengthened defenses, and encouraged farming with this admonishment: "He who does not work, will not eat."; because of his strong leadership, the settlement survived and grew
Captain John Smith
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Jamestown
• Pocahontas - daughter of Powhatan, the powerful chief of the Algonquian Indians in the Tidewater region of Virginia near Jamestown who helped the colonists received food from the Indian; vital link between colonists and Native Americans
http://www.history.com/topics/jamestown/videos#pocahontas
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Jamestown• John Rolfe – developed cash crop of tobacco at
Jamestown that saved the colony (the ability to grow tobacco made land especially valuable, causing a significant population growth); married Pocahontas
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Jamestown
• House of Burgesses was the first representative assembly in the American colonies.
• (Burgesses means elected officials.)
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Jamestown• Bacon’s Rebellion (The
Background)– Bacon led a group of frontier
settlers in a rebellion against the Governor of Jamestown. They were mad about high taxes and no protection from the Native Americans.
– They took control of the House of Burgesses and burned Jamestown to the ground.
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Jamestown
• Bacon’s Rebellion (The Result)– Bacon died from illness, his followers were
hanged.– BUT, the House of Burgesses passed laws so that a
royal governor could not have that much power again.
– Showed that colonists WILL fight for rights.
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Political Reasons for Colonization• Search for the
Northwest Passage to India in order to compete with Spain and Portugal
• Acquisition of territory to add to empire
• Buffer against Spanish colonies in America
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Social Reasons for Colonization
• Freedom from religious persecution • Protection of culture
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Plymouth• Plymouth Colony
(example of social reason- religious freedom)
• 1620 – arrival of the Pilgrims in Plymouth and the signing of the Mayflower Compact
http://www.history.com/topics/thirteen-colonies/videos#the-mayflower
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Puritans & Pilgrims• Separatists—Protestant group that cut all ties with the Church of England & developed their own churches• Pilgrims: a group of Separatists
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Puritans & Pilgrims
• 1608: Pilgrims escape to Netherlands to freely practice
religion
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Puritans & Pilgrims• Immigrants—people who leave
their original country to live in another country• Pilgrims unhappy in Netherlands• Formed a joint-stock company &
returned to England
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Plymouth
• •Reason for settlement: Pilgrims fled religious persecution in England; after a decade in Holland, came to America in order to worship freely
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Plymouth• Mayflower Compact
– Signed by the men on the Mayflower, an agreement that established self-government and gave the leaders the power to enact laws for the good of the colony.
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The Founding of Plymouth• Mayflower
Compact written because colonists landed too far away from Virginia to be ruled by its government.
Original Mayflower Compact
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The Founding of Plymouth• Mayflower Compact—documents creating a new political society signed by the Pilgrims
Signing the Mayflower Compact
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The Founding of Plymouth
• Pilgrims land in present-day Massachusetts in late 1620
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The Pilgrim Community•Women had more rights in the Plymouth Colony than they had in England:
–Make Contracts–Own property–Bring cases before court
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Plymouth
• Early hardships: During the first winter in the New World, the colonists suffered greatly from disease, lack of shelter and general conditions onboard ship; 45 of the 102 emigrants died the first winter
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Plymouth• William Bradford -
Leader of Pilgrims
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Pilgrims & American Indians• March 1621: Indian
walks into Pilgrim community speaking English
• Pilgrims meet Squanto
• Indians use Pilgrims in internal tribal struggle for power
Samoset walking into Pilgrim community
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Plymouth• Squanto – created
peace between the Native Americans and Pilgrims and taught the Pilgrims how to hunt and farm
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Massachusetts Bay Colony• The Puritans come to
America fleeing religious persecution.
• Puritans create a community bound by common interest and law.
• They wanted to “purify” the Church of England Puritans land at Plymouth
Rock
http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/D36FFC29-BC97-45F2-AFA7-74ACBE2ED5C8
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Puritans
• Governor of Massachusetts Bay colony was John Winthrop.
• Established economy as a “common wealth”, meaning people work together for the good of the whole community.
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Puritans
• Held “town meetings” (a form of self government in which they made laws)
• “New England Way” was a term used to describe the beliefs of their society.
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Puritans
• Some Puritans moved to Connecticut and set up a form of representative government called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.
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Puritans
• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was the first written constitution in the colonies.
• It gave voting rights to non church members and limited the power of the governor.
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Puritans
• Puritans were centered around church.
• Salem Witch Trials
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Colonial Self-Government
• In the absence of royal authority the colonies became accustomed to self-governance.
• The Virginia House of Burgesses was the first elected representative legislature among the colonies.
• The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was the first written constitution for a colony.
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Independent Government
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French and Indian War• Rivalry between
Britain and France over the Ohio River Valley led to a world-wide conflict. The War ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. France loses all of its North American territory.
British advance on Indians in war.
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Review Questions
• What motivated the explorers?• Why were the colonies settled?• How did the colonies develop self
government?• What motivated the war between Britain and
France?