realities of the feed options - ccb...realities of the feed options international seminar on land-...
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![Page 1: Realities of the feed options - CCB...Realities of the feed options International Seminar on Land- Based Aquaculture Systems Markus Langeland, PhD. Swedish University of Agricultural](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022041910/5e66fca624397047f9703021/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Realities of the feed options
International Seminar on Land-Based Aquaculture Systems
Markus Langeland, PhDSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences/ East Regional Aquaculture Centre
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Global fish consumption is 19.2 kg per capita
3 billion people get 20% of total protein intake
Another 1.3 billion people get 15% of total protein intake
2015= 7.2 billion2050 = 9.6 billion
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Key factors towars a sustainable aquaculture industry
SpeciesProduction systems
Feed
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Important parameters in a novel feed ingredient?
Nutrient compositionDigestibilityMetabolism
HealthPhysical properties
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$$$!!!Legislation?
Market demand?
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50 g other ingredient40 g premix40 g wheat gluten70 g plant oil100 g wheat flour150 g fish oil200 g plant protein 350 g fish meal
50 g other ingredient40 g premix40 g wheat gluten100 g plant oil100 g wheat flour120 g fish oil370 g plant protein 180 g fish meal
Formula 2005 Formula 2015
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Global use of fish meal in aquaculture
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
3 500
4 000
4 500
1995 2000 2005 2007 2008 2010 2015 2020
PercentageMillion tonnes
Total fish mealFish meal in produced feed (%)Fish meal in total feed used(%)
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Alternative protein sources
Majority of alternative protein sources availible today are plant based. Several challanges:
• Chemical composition• Digestibility• Antinutritional compounds (enzyme inhibitors, saponins, lectins, allergens etc)• Palatibility
Compete with the human food base and future food security?
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Microbial nutrient sources
No competition with human food sourcesHigh biomass production potentialAble to grow and utilize different substratesIn general a high protein content a good aminoacid profileThick cell walls!
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Versatile:Protein source (S. cerevisiae)Lipid source (Yarrowia lipolytica)Pigment source (Phaffia rhodozyma)Prebiotic (phytase activity)Immunostimulant (β-glucans)
Use waste substrates Sulphite liquor (Zygomycetes spp.)CompostBeer industry by-products
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Molluscs - Blue mussel
High protein content and amino acid qualityFilter feeders and thereby improve water quality by absorb nutrientsMay also absorb pollutants!
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Average composition of the main groups of SCP (% DM)
Composition Fungi Algae Yeast BacteriaTrue Proteins 30-45 40-60 45-55 50-65
Nucleic acid 7-10 3-8 6-12 8-12
Total N 37-55 43-68 51-67 58-77
Lipids 2-8 7-20 5-10 3-7
Ash 9-14 8-10 5-10 3-7
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Amino acid composition (% crude protein)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
g/16
g N
Fish mealIntact baker’s yeast Extracted baker’s yeast ZygomyceteBlue mussel
Langeland et al., 2014
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Apparent digestibility coefficient in test ingrediens for Arctic charr
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
DM CP AA (sum) Energy
%
ISC ESC RHO MYE
a
b b b
b
a
b b
a
bb
b
Langeland et al., 2014
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a
abab
bc
c
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
REF MYE ISC ESC RHO
WG (%)
WG (%)
Growth performance for Arctic charr
Vidakovic et al., 2015
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0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
Diets
*
REF IBY20 IBY40 IBY60 IBY60-M
MIX20 MIX40 MIX60
%Specific growth rate in rainbow trout
Vidakovic et al., 2015
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Biofloc – another approach
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Insects
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)Nutritional value
DM: 55-65%CP: 40-45%Lipids: 15-50%Rich in Ca & PAsh: 11-28%
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Substrate waste
Solid phaseInsect production
Oils/fats
High value oilsFeed
Biodiesel?
Protein Feed
Novel productsChitosan
Antimicrobial substances
Compost, fertilizer…
Liquid phaseSCP´s
Feed
Pre-/probiotics
Biogas
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Results on BSF fed to Rainbow trout
Up to 50% FM substitution (40% inclusion)• No differences in growth• No differences for somatic indexes• No differences in fillet quality parameters• Increase in DM and lipid content
Up to 25% FM substitution (40% inclusion)• Good fillet fatty acid profile• No differences for AA, EPA, DHA, n3 and n6/n3
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