Real Time Water Quality Monitoring System

R.M.Bhardwaj

Senior Scientist

Central Pollution Control Board

rmbhardwaj@gmail.com

Automatic Water Quality Monitoring of River Ganga

First attempt of Automatic Water Quality Monitoring of River Ganga (1992-95)System performed for a couple of months System did not have telecommunication systemData downloading through floppy diskettesMonitoring data have erratic valuesSystem did not improved despite effortsContract with the supplier of floating boat and equipments terminatedLed to arbitration and litigationBitter experience for two decade

Automatic Water Quality Monitoring of River Ganga

Automatic Water Quality Monitoring of River Yamuna

Second attempt of Automatic Water Quality Monitoring of River Yamuna -1998

Monitoring system was analyser basedSystem performed for a couple of months System did not have telecommunication systemData downloading through floppy diskettesMonitoring data have erratic valuesSystem did not improved despite efforts

Real Time Water Quality Monitoring of River Ganga and Yamuna

Third attempt of Real Time Water Quality Monitoring of River Ganga and Yamuna -2012 under HP-IIMonitoring system is sensor basedSystem functioning for a period of 15 months System have telecommunication systemData transmission through telemetry Server installed in CPCB Delhi OfficeMonitoring data is under going verification through manual monitoringSystem has strengths and weaknessesPossibilities of improvement is being explored

Monitoring LocationRiver Ganga• 01. Haridwar- Upper Ganga Barrage-BhimGoda)• 02. Kannauj (Nanamau Bridge), Downstream• 03. Kanpur (Jajmau Bridge Kanpur)• 04. Allahabad (Shastri Bridge), Upstream• 05. Varanasi, Upstream• 06. Varanasi, Downstream• 07. Gandhi Ghat, Patna (floating platform)• 08. Garden Reach, Kolkata

River Yamuna• 09. Delhi Upstream, Wazirabad• 10. Delhi Downstream Okhla

Monitoring Location

Real Time Water Quality Monitoring of River Ganga and Yamuna

Salient Features of RTWQMS

• System can monitor ten parameters

pH

Turbidity

Conductivity

Temperature

Dissolved Oxygen

Ammonia

Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

Nitrate

Chloride

Components of the System

Monitoring Station-Data logger and transmission system with build in display

Compressor Solar panel-Battery Charging System for remote stations Web Camera Sensor package Wireless network-GSM/GPRS transmitters Single Point Grounding System for field stations Floating Platform/Buoy Data processing and publishing server Alert system

Monitoring Station

Jajmau Bridge Kanpur-Fixed Varanasi Downstream-Floating

Data Logger and Battery

Sensor Cage with sensors

Monitoring Station-Fixed

Shastri Bridge-Allahabad Shastri Bridge-Allahabad

Monitoring Station-Fixed

Anchor of Cage to Bridge Pillar

Anchor of Cage to Bridge Pillar

Data Logger connected to Sensors

Central Receiving Station

• Comprising of three Servers• Data collection and Data base server - Windows Server Edition,

Software with SQL Database • Real-time Quality Control Software for alarms by SMS messages

based on thresholds • Quality Assurance and Application Server (Windows Server

Edition), Time Series• Web Accessible Remote Station and Computer Maintenance Log

Software • WEB Server, Data Dissemination/visualization software • UPS for Computer Systems• Computer Rack• Network Router with Hardware • Network Switch (HUB)

Data Management

• Online data validation at each station with the con::cube / moni::tool features

• Software installed on Central Receiving Station has provision for data acquisition, archival, analysis, display and report generation with parameter value graphs

• Possible to process and further analyze all the measured and calculated parameters from these ten remote stations.

Central Monitoring and Alert System

• Hydro – Q a web based Central Monitoring System provides information about electrical and general parameters online

• System allows authenticated users to view textual and graphical reports including trends of all configured parameters

• Integration with google maps provides a one point view of all site information.

Achievements of Real Time Water Quality Monitoring System-Maha Kumbh-2013

•Monitoring station at Allahabad provided valuable inputs during Maha Kumbh held during 2013.•Data generated on daily basis was communicated to stakeholder organisations responsible for maintaining water quality of bathing standard including PMO.•Data shared with Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand Pollution Control Board for reduction of organic pollution and colour discharging effluents from Paper Mills in Kashipur belt of Uttarakhand dischaging wastewater in tributaries of river Ramganga which ultimately joins river Ganga upstream of Kannauj.

Achievements of Real Time Water Quality Monitoring System (contd.)

• Based on Real Time data directions issued to SPCBs for closure and reduction in production capacity of paper mills and distilleries during Maha Kumbh mela for a period of about three months.

• Water quality maintained for mass bathing days where millions of devotees had holy bath at Sangam.

Real Time Station on River Ganga at Allahabad

Real Time Data -Allahabad-January 2014

12/31/2013 10:15:00 AM1/12/2014 8:00:00 PM 1/17/2014 10:45:00 PM1/20/2014 10:45:00 AM1/22/2014 10:45:00 PM 1/26/2014 8:15:00 AM0.00

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True Color

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Achievements of Real Time Water Quality Monitoring System –Inter State Issue between Delhi and Haryana• Monitoring station at Wazirabad (Delhi) on river Yamuna

generating valuable data on ammonia at raw water intake point for water supply of Delhi since its installation and commissioning in October 2012.

• Ammonia is one of the critical parameter for treatment of water for public supplies in the water works.

• Data is communicated to Delhi Jal Board and Haryana Pollution Control Board on daily basis.

• Based on Real Time data, directions issued under Section 18 (1) (b) of Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 to Haryana Pollution Control Board for improvement of performance of sewage treatment plant and common effluent treatment plant in Panipat and Sonipat district of Haryana.

Real Time Station on River Yamuna at Wazirabad

Real Time Data – Wazirabad-January 2014

3 111 219 327 435 543 651 759 867 975 108311911299140715151623173118391947205521632271237924870

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TemperaturepHNH4-N

Real Time Data – Wazirabad-January 2014

12/21/2013 1:00:00 AM 12/28/2013 2:00:00 PM 1/2/2014 10:30:00 AM 1/7/2014 7:00:00 AM 1/12/2014 3:30:00 AM99 198 297 396 495 594 693 792 891 990 108911881287138614851584168317821881198020792178227723762475

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pHNH4-N

Limitations/Constraints of Monitoring System•Site selection and Timely clearance/permission for installation • Frequent calibration• Security in remote areas • Wide variation in real time values in respect of some parameters (BOD,COD and Nitrate) however relatively reliable observations in respect of other parameters (pH, DO, Temperature, Colour, Conductivity, Turbidity, Chloride and Ammonia) •System is workable however drop time observed invariably due to communication failure or solar power disruption

What is next in Real Time Water Quality Monitoring?

Water quality monitoring with a larger network is envisaged for grossly polluted river stretchesProposal for setting up of stations on various rivers along cities envisaged based on the latest experienceSystem will be helpful for CPCB and SPCBs/PCCs struggling with manpower.Data purchase concept is being worked out and shall be such so that the vendors have opportunity to invest in setting up of RTWQMS.

What is next in Real Time Water Quality Monitoring?

Ganga water quality monitoring with a larger network is envisaged -2014 onwardsLimitations shall be huge investment and skilled manpower.Data purchase concept is being worked out and shall be such so that the vendors have opportunity to invest in setting up of RTWQMS.

What is next in Real Time Water Quality Monitoring?

Industrial effluent quality monitoring on all the grossly polluting industries along river Ganga and its tributaries to cover entire basin area in four States in the first phase under National Ganga River Basin Authority.Entire Ganga Basin in 9 States to be covered subsequently.Industries have been directed to install Real Time Effluent Quality Monitoring system and transmit the data to CPCB and concerned SPCBs/PCCs.

Thank You