real time visualization of structural response through...
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Real Time Visualization of Structural Response through Wireless
Communication using MEMS Sensors
Real Time Visualization of Structural Response through Wireless
Communication using MEMS Sensors
Presented by Tomoyuki EnomotoHung-Chi Chung, Tomoyuki Enomoto, Kenneth Loh*,
Supervised by Masanobu ShinozukaCivil and Environmental Engineering
University of California, Irvine CA*REU student (from Johns Hopkins University)
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ContentsContentsBackgroundObjective Proposed MethodologyPreliminary Study
Analog Devices MEMS Acc ADXL202E Silicon Designs MEMS Acc SD2210
Real Time Visualization of Response of Steel BridgeBridge Response under Jumping Load Simulation with SAP 2000SummaryFuture PlanReferences and Acknowledgment
BackgroundObjective Proposed MethodologyPreliminary Study
Analog Devices MEMS Acc ADXL202E Silicon Designs MEMS Acc SD2210
Real Time Visualization of Response of Steel BridgeBridge Response under Jumping Load Simulation with SAP 2000SummaryFuture PlanReferences and Acknowledgment
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Background ~Structural MonitoringBackground ~Structural Monitoring
!Cable-based data acquisition systems present some difficulties for structural health monitoring
!Cabling and electromagnetic interference
!Early damage detection (even invisible)!Effective, economical and long-term
structural inspection and maintenance
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Background ~Micro-Electro Mechanical SystemsBackground ~Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems
Rapid advances of MEMS technologies such as mechanical elements, sensors, actuators, and electronics on a common silicon substrate through micro fabrication technology
Advantages of MEMS Accelerometer!Small
!Low-cost!Low Power Consumption
Analog Deviceshttp://www.analog.com/
MEMSnethttp://www.memsnet.org/
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ObjectiveObjective
Development of a reliable and robust devices with MEMS accelerometer and wireless transmitter for the structure monitoring in a field environments
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Preliminary StudyPreliminary Study
Experimental Setup
ADXL202E UnitShaker Test
Silicon Designs (SD) 2210-002 Unit
http://www.silicondesigns.com/
SD Unit Technical Flow
Shaker Test
Impact Experiment
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Experimental Set UpExperimental Set Up
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ADXL202EADXL202EMost Popular MEMS AccelerometerLow Cost & Low Power Consumption2 Axis; ±2g
4”
2-1/2”
ADXL202E MEMS Accelerometer
ADXL202E MEMS Accelerometer
44””
22-1/21/2”
RS232 PortRS232 Port
Battery RoomBattery Room
Micro ControllerMicro Controller
Main board of sensor
ADXL202E
Transmitter & Receiver Unit
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Shaker Test of ADXL202E Sensor UnitShaker Test of ADXL202E Sensor Unit
Noise level is too high for bridge health monitoring
RMS = 3.0mg
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3Time (s)
Acc (
mg)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
10 100 1000
Acceleration (mg)
AD
XL U
nit/ R
efe
rence A
cc
Shaker test at 2Hz 10mg Linearity Curve
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Silicon Designs SD-2210-002Silicon Designs SD-2210-002Low Cost & Low Power Consumption
1Axis; ±2g
Bigger Mass than ADXL 202E
Wide Range of Output Voltage;± 4V against ± 2g http://www.silicondesigns.com/
Accelerometer Packaging Sense Element Chip
http://www.silicondesigns.com/
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Silicon Designs Sensor & Receiver UnitSilicon Designs Sensor & Receiver Unit
Sensor Unit Receiver Unit
Sensor Unit Receiver Unit
2 ½“
4 ½“
Serial PortSerial PortMicro ControllerMicro Controller
9V Battery9V Battery
Micro ControllerFM Receiver9V Serial Port
Micro ControllerFM Transmitter9V SD Acc
Antenna
Antenna
Sensor
Receiver
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Sensor Unit & Receiver Unit Data Flow Sensor Unit & Receiver Unit Data Flow
9V Battery
Regulator5V SD
Sensor
Micro Controller FM
Transmitter
Antenna
9V Battery
Regulator5V
FM Receiver
Antenna
SD 2 Voltage AON,AOP
Calculation the deference between AON and AOP
PWM Output
Decide the Pulse Width
FM Transmitter
FM Receiver
Antenna
Antenna
Micro Controller
Input Capture Interrupt
Count the Pulse Width
Serial Output
9V Battery
TxRx
Sensor Receiver
RS232C
SerialPort
Laptop Computer
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Real-time Data Acquisition System Real-time Data Acquisition System
Real-time Visualization Software
Data Acquisition System
1Axis; ±2gTransmit Range up to 400 ftPowered by 9V Battery Connected by RS232C Cable
HardwareHardware
Real-time Visualization200Hz SamplingData Logger system
Read the Serial Port SoftwareSoftware
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Noise Level of SD Sensor UnitNoise Level of SD Sensor UnitReduce 50% noise comparing with ADXL202E Unit
RMS = 1.5mg
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3Time (s)
Acc (
mg)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
10 100 1000
Acceleration (mg)
SD
Unit/ R
efe
rence A
cc
Linearity CurveShaker test at 2Hz 10mg
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Steel Truss Bridge at UCISteel Truss Bridge at UCI
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Experimental SetupExperimental Setup
PCB 393C
SD Wireless
ADXL202E
Data Acquisition
10 m
Accelerometers
ADXL202E Sensor Unit and TransmitterPowered by UPS
3 type Accelerometers3 type Accelerometers
Seismic Piezoelectric Accelerometer PCB 393C
Silicon Design Wireless Sensor Unit
Data Acquisition at 10 m Away from Sensors
Impact Test at the Center of Bridge
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Experimental Results Time DomainExperimental Results Time Domain
-80-60-40-20
020406080
0 2 4 6 8Time (s)
Acc
eler
atio
n (m
g)
-80-60-40-20
020406080
0 2 4 6 8Tim e (s)
Acc
eler
atio
n (m
g)
-80-60-40-20
020406080
0 2 4 6 8Tim e (s)
Acc
eler
atio
n (m
g)
Seismic Piezoelectric Accelerometer PCB 393C
Mesurement Range 2.5g pkResolution 0.1mg
Sampling Rate 60Hz
Silicon Design
Mesurement Range +-2gResolution 1.5mg
Sampling Rate 200Hz
ADXL 202E
Mesurement Range +-2gResolution 3mg
Sampling Rate 50Hz
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Experimental Results Frequency DomainExperimental Results Frequency Domain
0200400600800
1000120014001600
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Frequency (Hz)
Pow
er S
pect
ral
0200400600800
1000120014001600
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Frequency (H z)
Pow
er S
pect
ral
0200400600800
1000120014001600
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Frequency (Hz)
Pow
er S
pect
ral
12 3
12
3
12 3
Seismic Piezoelectric Accelerometer PCB 393C
123
Frequency (Hz)4.126.00
13.63
Silicon Design
Frequency (Hz)
ADXL 202E
123
4.086.12
13.17
Frequency (Hz)12
4.205.96
13.573
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Bridge Response Under Jumping Load Simulation with SAP 2000Bridge Response Under Jumping Load Simulation with SAP 2000
Construction Design on Paper
SAP 2000 3D Model (to scale of actual bridge)
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Modal AnalysisModal Analysis
Mode 1
Vertical Mode
Mode2
Lateral Mode
Natual FrequencyMode 1 5.04 HzMode 2 6.19 HzMode 3 10.80 HzMode 4 11.01 HzMode 5 13.13 Hz
Mode 5
Torsional Mode
Mode 3
Vertical Mode
Mode 4
Local Mode
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Time History AnalysisTime History Analysis
-80-60-40-20
020406080
0 2 4 6 8
Time (s)
Acc
eler
atio
n (m
g)
"LoadingImpact load simulated by rectangular function
Load
(kg)
120
1.00
0.03 Time (s)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
0 5 10 15 20
Frequency (Hz)
Pow
er
Spe
ctr
al
Damping Ratio = 0.01
Damping Ratio = 0.02
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SummarySummaryADXL202E is popular, low cost, and low power consumption. It is good for detection of larger acceleration such as severe earthquakes.
Silicon Design SD-2210-002 shows better performance than ADXL202E in noise level. SD-2210 can measure much smaller acceleration. It provides a good sensor option for bridge healthmonitoring.
SD-2210 is integrated with wireless transceiver module in a sensor system. Real-time visualization on laptop computer is demonstrated for the first time in the field test.
In the field test, cable based traditional accelerometer is also used. Comparison show the reliability of wireless device and data acquisition system for bridge health monitoring.
Results of structural analysis by SAP 2000 show the validity of the experimental results.
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Future PlanFuture Plan
Apply developed sensor units to Caltrans’ highway bridges for ambient vibration experiment
Power consumption is a problem to be solved. By using a 9V battery in a sensor unit, the battery power can run out in 5 hours.
Apply Bluetooth module for Multiple wireless communication
Solar Power for the power consumption problem
Long-term Future Plan
Near Future PlanNear Future Plan
Long-term Future Plan
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Caltrans’ freeway bridgesCaltrans’ freeway bridgesWest St. On-RampWest St. On-Ramp
Jamboree Rd. Overcrossing
Jamboree Rd. Overcrossing
West St. On-Ramp
UCI
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ReferencesReferences1. J. Lynch, K. Law, A. Kiremidjian, E. Carryer, T. Kennedy, A.
Partridge, A Sundararajan, (2002), “Validation of a wireless modular monitoring system for structures”, the SPIE 9th Annual International Symposiums on Smart Structures and Materials, San Diego, CA, USA, March 17-21.
2. High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network (HPWREN), http://hpwren.uscd.edu
3. Analog Devices, http://www.analog.com
4. Silicon Designs, http://www.silicondesigns.com
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AcknowledgmentAcknowledgment
This research is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) through the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER), and also by California State Department of Transportation (CalTrans).