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Oleh : Alvan Febrian Shalas, S. Farm., Apt

REAKSI ORGANIK1TUJUAN PEMBELAJARANMahasiswa mampu :Memahami Jenis-jenis reaksi organikMemahami Mekanisme Reaksi organikMemahami konsep Nukleofil dan ElektrofilMenggambar mekanisme reaksiMemahami kesetimbangan, Laju, dan Perubahan energi dalam reaksi organik

JENIS REAKSI ORGANIK1. REAKSI ADISIOccur when two reactants add together to form a single product with no atoms left over.

Page #33Occur when a single reactant splits into two products, often with formation of a small molecule2. REAKSI ELIMINASI

JENIS REAKSI ORGANIKPage #44Occur when two reactants exchange parts to give two new products3. REAKSI SUBSTITUSI

JENIS REAKSI ORGANIKPage #554. REAKSI REARRANGEMENTOccur when a single reactant undergoes a reorganization of bonds and atoms to yield an isomeric product

JENIS REAKSI ORGANIKPage #66Classify each of the following reactions as an addition, elimination, substitution, or rearrangement:EXERCISES

SUBSTITUSIELIMINASIADISIPage #8MEKANISME REAKSIReaction mechanism describes bond-breaking and bond-making :

Which bonds are broken and in what orderWhich bonds are formed and in what order What the relative rates of the steps are Account for all reactants used and all products formed9MEKANISME REAKSIBOND BREAKING1. HOMOLYTIC CLEAVAGESymmetrical bond-breaking : One bonding electron stays with each product

10Unsymmetrical bond-breaking (polar): Two bonding electrons stay with one product.MEKANISME REAKSIBOND BREAKING2. HETEROLYTIC CLEAVAGE

111. Symmetrical bond-forming : One bonding electron is donated by each reactantMEKANISME REAKSIBOND FORMING

122. Unsymmetrical bond-forming : two bonding electrons are donated by one reactantMEKANISME REAKSIBOND FORMING

REAKSI POLARThe fundamental characteristic of all polar organic reactions :Electron-rich sites react with electron-poor sitesBonds are made when an electron-rich atom donates a pair of electrons to an electron poor atomBonds are broken when one atom leaves with both electrons from the former bondREAKSI POLARREAKSI POLARPOLARIZABILITASLarger atoms with more loosely held electrons are more polarizableSmaller atoms with fewer, tightly held electrons are less polarizableEx : Sulfur is more polarizable than oxygen, and iodine is more polarizable than chlorine. The measure of the response to an external electrical influence

The effect of this higher polarizability for sulfur and iodine is that carbonsulfur and carboniodine bonds, although nonpolar according to electronegativity values, nevertheless usually react as if they were polarREAKSI POLARREAKSI POLARREAKSI POLARElectrophile is electron-loving.

An electrophile has a positively polarized, electron poor atom and can form a bond by accepting a pair of electrons from a nucleophile. Electrophiles can be either neutral or positively charged. Nucleophile is a nucleus-loving. A nucleophile has a negatively polarized, electron-rich atom and can form a bond by donating a pair of electrons to a positively polarized, electronpoor atom. Nucleophiles can be either neutral or negatively chargedREAKSI POLAR

REAKSI POLAREXERCISES

REAKSI POLAREXERCISES

a)Designed by TheTemplateMart.comTUGASJelaskan yang dimaksud dengan :Reaksi Eksergonis dan EndergonisReaksi Eksotermis dan EndotermisEnergi Disosiasi IkatanAnalisalah diagram reaksi di bawah ini, dan berikan penjelasannya

b)Bangsa yang tidak percaya kepada kekuatan dirinya sebagai suatu bangsa, tidak dapat berdiri sebagai suatu bangsa yang merdeka(Ir. Soekarno)