reading skills text study notes to the text words and expressions idea sharing

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Reading Skill s Text Study Notes to the Text Words and Expr ions Idea Sharing

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Page 1: Reading Skills Text Study Notes to the Text Words and Expressions Idea Sharing

Reading Skills Text Study Notes to the Tex

t Words and Expressions Idea Sharing

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Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions

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As we learned in Unit 2, Book 1 and Unit 8, Book2, it is very important to tell facts from the writer’s opinions during the course ofreading. Then what are factsfacts? And opinionsopinions?

facts — what really happened; objective ( 客观的 )opinions — ideas, feelings, judgements or belief that you get from facts; subjective ( 主观的 )

Reading Skills

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Example 1

Her study of 62 formerly inactive women who began exercising three times a week for six months was published in the journal Medicine& Science in Sports & Exercise.

Fact or Opinion?

Of course it is a fact fact! The word “published” in the sentence shows what really happened.

Reading Skills

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Example 2

If iron levels are low, talk with a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected by modifying your diet or by taking supplements.

It’s an opinionopinion! Why? Because it is expressed in an imperative sentence, which indicates anopinion from the writer.

Fact or Opinion?

Reading Skills

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The biggest difficulty in distinguishing facts from opinions

When you agree with the writer’s opinions, you may take those subjective things forgranted, that is, you may mistake opinionsfor facts!

e.g.He’s so good looking, smart and funny.

Fact or Opinion?

Reading Skills

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It’s an opinionopinion! Why? Maybe you also think the same as the writer that he is good looking, but it doesn’t mean other people will accept this idea. ‘Good looking’, ‘smart’ and ‘funny’ are just the judgementsjudgements of the writerand not necessarily the truth!

Reading Skills

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Can you distinguish between facts and opinions ?

Opinion?Opinion? Fact? Fact?

Reading Skills

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A. Just as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs, bones and muscles, it may also power up the brain.

B. Human studies have focused primarily on older adults and suggest that regular exercise can improve the speed with which the brain processes information.

Opinion!

Fact!

Reading Skills

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C. This boost in reaction time after exercise training may occur because declines associated with getting old could actually stem from declines in physical condition.

D. Consequently, the brains of people who exercise may be better equipped to tackle mental challenges.

Opinion!

Opinion!

Reading Skills

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Q & A

Matching

Multiple Choice

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I. Q & A

1. What are the general benefits of exercise? (Para. 1)

To strengthen the heart and lungs, bonesand muscles.

2. What is another benefit of exercise according to the author (main idea of the text)?

Powering up the brain. Physical activity has a positive effect on mental functioning.

Text Study

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The experiment with rats (Para. 3~4)

Results (Para. 4)

Group 1Group 1

Group 2Group 2

Group 3 Group 3

II. Matching

running inside an automatic wheel

in a complicated obstacle course

inactive

A greater number of brain connections

A greater density of blood vessels

Conclusions (Para. 2)

Vigorous physical exercise provides the brain with more fuel.

Skill-based exercise makes the brain process information better.

Text Study

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III. Multiple Choice (Para. 5-11)

1. What results in the low speed of reaction of older adults?

A. Their age.

Choose the most appropriate one according to the text.

B. Their poor shape.

C. Their declining physical conditions.

Text Study

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2. According to some scientists, what is the reduction in mental function of older adults attributed to?

A. Medicines.

B. Poor diet.

C. Neglecting to stay physically active.

D. All of the above.

Text Study

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3. What is very important for brain maintenance according to Daniel M. Landers?

A. A reading program.

B. Diet.

C. An exercise program.

D. A physical Examination.

Text Study

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4. What is NOT mentioned about the reasons for the academic advantages gained by taking part in sports ?

A. Self-confidence.

B. Stronger muscles.

C. Better mood.

D. The ability to concentrate.

Text Study

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5. Why may those who exercise tackle mental challenges better according to Pierce J. Howard?

A. Because they have more nerve cells.

B. Because they have more brain chemicals.

C. Because they have stronger muscles.

D. Because they often have good sleep.

Text Study

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6. What is the most beneficial form of exercise?

A. Body exercise.

B. Exercise on mind.

C. Exercise engaging both body and mind.

D. None of the above.

Text Study

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Focus Study

Active Expressions

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I. Active Expressions

Notes to the Text—Active Expressions

1. Learning a new dance step may boost the brain in the same way that learning a

language can… (L20)2. …that an effect found in rats may also apply to humans. (L26)3. … be a penalty of neglecting to stay physically active,… (L39)4. …the academic…was thought to come from… (L47)

Find out the active expressions:

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• the way • the manner; the means; the methods

• apply to • make practical use of sth.

• stay + adj. • remain in a certain state

• be thought to • be regarded to

Practice

Notes to the Text—Active Expressions

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1. 从她花钱的方式,你可能会认为她很有钱。2. 类似情况下,适用于一人也一定适用于另一人。 3. 保持冷静,救护车正赶过去。4. 别人以为他是个钢琴师。

Translation

Notes to the Text—Active Expressions

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1. You'd think she was rich, the way she spends money.

2. What applies to one person must apply to another in similar circumstances.

3. Stay calm, the ambulance is on the way.

4. He was thought to be a pianist.

Notes to the Text—Active Expressions

Key

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II. Focus Study

Notes to the Text—Focus Study

1. “In contrast, … possessed a greater density of blood vessels in the brain than did either of the other two groups of animals.” (L17)

than 从句的主语较长或带有长的修饰语时则倒装。

e.g.I spend less than do nine out of ten people inmy position.

我花费的,比在我职位上十分之九的人少。

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2. … he says it is logical to make the inference that an effect found in rats may also apply to

humans. (L26)

that an effect found in rats

= that an effect which is found in rats

Notes to the Text—Focus Study

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3. … that regular exercise can improve the speed with which the brain processes information. (L29)

the speed with which the brain processes information = the brain processes information with the speed

I still can remember the house ____ which I was born.

in

Notes to the Text—Focus Study

Blank Filling

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4. This boost in reaction time after exercise training may occur because declines associated with getting old could actually stem from declines in physical condition. (L35)

Can you change that part into an attributive clause?

Notes to the Text—Focus Study

because declines associated with getting old

…because declines that are associated with getting old…

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the reduction … often attributed to

5. Some scientists speculate the reduction in mental function often attributed to getting old may really be a penalty of neglecting to stay physically active, in addition to related factors such as medicines and poor diet. (L37)

This complex sentence can be plit into several simple sentences.

Some scientists speculate …The reduction in mental function is oftenattributed to getting old.The reduction in mental function may really be a penalty of neglecting to stayphysically active, …

a penalty of neglecting to stay physically active= a punishment for not keeping physically active.

Notes to the Text—Focus Study

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Study the following sentences and combine them into one sentence.

Can you locate the sentence in the text?

6. But until recently, the academic edge gained by participating in sports was thought to come from the increased self-confidence, the better mood, and the ability to concentrate that

comes from burning off steam in exercise. (L46)

1) The academic edge is gained by participating in sports.

2) The academic edge was thought to come from the increased self-confidence, the better mood, and the ability to concentrate.

3) The ability to concentrate comes from burning off steam in exercise.

Notes to the Text—Focus Study

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Word Using

Chinese to English

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1. strengthen v. (L1) become strong or make sth stronger

After the disaster, people realize that their houses need to be strengthened.

灾后,人们意识到要加固他们的住房。

I. Word Using

Words and Expressions—Word Using

Translation

Key

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2. succession n. (L2) a number of people or things that follow one after another

• a succession of failure• the succession of the seasons

• 一系列 / 连续的失败• 四季的接续

Words and Expressions—Word Using

Translation

派生词 successive (adj.) 连续的;继承的 successor (n.) 继任者

Key

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3. primary adj. (L6) ① chief; main

To pass the CET 4; to get the scholarship; …

Words and Expressions—Word Using

Tips

Use itWhat is your primary objective this term?

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3. primary adj. (L6) ② basic; original

Words and Expressions—Word Using

e.g.primary school 小学primary education 初级教育

secondary education中等 / 中学教育tertiary education高等教育

primary training 初步训练primary commodity 天然产品

More matching

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4. provide v. (L7)

supply

• provide sb. with sth.• provide sth. for sb.

• Sheep provide us with wool. • He works hard to provide food and clothes

for his family.

Words and Expressions—Word Using

Phrases

e.g.

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5. multiply v. (L22) ① (cause to) increase greatly in number ② add a number to itself a particular number of times

e.g.

• Using this method, you can multiply your profit in a very short time.

利用这个方法,你便可在短时间内增加利润。• What do you get if multiply 13 and 11? 13 和 11 相乘等于多少?

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6. in response to (L32) as an answer to

Words and Expressions—Word Using

• 我们应该响应号召,保护环境。• He went to open the door in response to a knock.

Translation

• We should protect the environment in response to the call.

• 听到有人敲门,他走过去开门。

Key

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7. attribute… to… (L38) to believe that sth was caused or done by sb/sth

Words and Expressions—Word Using

• Terry attributes his success to hard work.• The drama is attributed to Shakespeare. 

e.g.

近形词

contribute 贡献,有助于;distribute 分配,分布

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8. burn off steam (L49) get rid of excess energy, or work off bad feelings through physical activity

Words and Expressions—Word Using

More Phrasessteam: power, energy, force steam: power, energy, force

let off/work off steam 发泄精力 / 情绪e.g.unwanted stress and is a good way of relaxing or letting off steam.

经常锻炼有助于减轻不必要的压力 , 是一种放松或消除压抑的好办法。

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Translation

9. equip v. (L55) supply sb/sth with what is needed

Key

• well-equipped travelers• The room is well equipped.• We shall equip all schools with new computers

in the next year.

• 明年我们要让所有学校配上新计算机。

• 装备齐全的游客• 这房子装配得很好。

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10. alike adj. (L56) similar

他对顾客一视同仁。

He treats all customers alike.

Words and Expressions—Word Using

Translation

Key

Who is dressed alike with you?

Use it

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II. Chinese to English

Words and Expressions—C to E

• 具有积极影响 • have a positive effect on

• 技巧性运动

• 做出推断• process information

• 源于,来自

• skill-based exercise

• stem from

• make an inference

• 处理信息

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• 不注意保持体育运动

• 参与

• 学业优势• 表明,表示

• 更有能力应付挑战

• neglect to stay physically active

• engage in; take part in; participate in

• academic edge• point to; demonstrate; imply;

indicate• be better equipped to tackle

challenges

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Mini Presentation

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Based on the studies in the text, give a mini presentation on any of the followingtopics:

1. The benefits of exercise to the old2. The benefits of exercise to the young3. The relationship between exercise and aging

Idea Sharing

Mini Presentation

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To Task

To Horizon

The End of Section B