the emerging superpowers
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Origins of the Cold War for IBDP History. Attitudes in the USA and USSRTRANSCRIPT
The Superpowers 1945 - 1948
What attitudes and motives shaped the development of hostility between the USA and the USSR at the start of the
Cold War?
The Japanese delegation prepare the Articles of
Surrender on board the USS Missouri. World War II was
over.
2 September 1945
American Attitudes at the start of
the Cold War
The USA was the world’s leading nation
Strong economy of the USA: One third of world’s exports came from the USA.
Economic strengthbrought confidence.
Leading Americans believed capitalism and free trade was the way forward.
The nuclear monopoly
USA had the strongest navy and airforce
In 1945 the USA believed it would take another country at least 20 years to develop an atomic bomb
Could the bomb be used as a threat?
Memories of the 1930s
USA isolationist foreign policy had allowed the European situation to get out of control
America needed to do more to stand up to dictators
The economic depression had contributed to the rise of the dictatorsCommunism was a threat to the world economy
Influence of George Kennan
‘The Long Telegram’ 1946
Kennan was a US diplomat in Moscow & sent a detailedview of Soviet motives that was widely accepted in the US.
Soviet government determined to expandMarxism encourages Soviet leaders to be ruthless. They can not be trustedThe USSR wants to smash Western Democracy
German Captured Banners are
brought down At the Great
Victory Parade in the Red Square in
Moscow
24 June 1945
Soviet Attitudes at the start of
the Cold War
The War was a triumph for Soviet Communism
• In the battle between communism and fascism, communism had triumphed
• The USSR had made the most important contribution in the defeat of Nazi Germany
Soviet Wartime Sacrifice
• 15 million Soviet soldiers and civilians had been killed by the Germans
• 25 million Soviet citizens died because of the war (food shortages, harsh conditions, disease)
USSR Strategic Thinking
• In 1914 and 1941 Germany had attacked Russia through Poland.
• Stalin was determined that the USSR’s neighbours in Eastern Europe would have leaders who were friendly towards the USSR.
A response to US imperialism?
• The USSR believed that US business leaders were planning to spread their power into other countries, and in this way the USA would build up a new kind of world empire.
• American troops would not conquer new lands: American capitalism would.
http://www.iancfriedman.com/?p=2930
Imprimerie Spéciale de Paix et Liberté, 1950
http://www.annefrankguide.net/en-us/bronnenbank.asp?oid=18803
http://www.homepagedaily.com/Pages/article7584-soviet-art-the-art-of-propaganda.aspx
http://www.flickr.com/photos/fortinbras/4184407635/