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SEED ENHANCEMENTS

Seed enhancement

Seed Enhancement

Upgrading

Mechanical refinement

Priming

Coatings and pellets

Seed Enhancement

Upgrading

Density sorting

Optical sorting

Fluid-based methods

Mechanical refinement

Priming

Coatings and pellets

Incotec fluid density sorting technology

Tomato seed lots upgraded SORTEX Z+ optical sorting

Recognition software:

Color, reflectivity

Features like bumps and holes

Circularity, curvature

Holes

Length, width

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H. JALINK, ; A. FRANDAS ;

R. VAN DER SCHOOR; J.B. BINO, 1998

Chlorophyll sensing as an indicator of maturity

Seed Enhancement

Upgrading

Mechanical refinement

Debearding

Scarification

Priming

Coatings and pellets

Scarification: Well-

established technology De-linting of cotton seed: Biggest

mechanical seed enhancement operation

Seed Enhancement

Upgrading

Mechanical refinement

Priming

Brief hydration/dehydration

Deep priming

Coatings and pellets

Seed priming: The two extremes

Hydration/dehydration

Whole cycle lasts a day or two

Does not require oxygen

Embryo does not grow or lose desiccation tolerance

Deep priming

Several days duration

Uses oxygen and involves growth of the embryo

Loss of desiccation tolerance constant danger

Drying conditions may be crucial

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Generalized priming strategy

Hydrate

seeds and

begin

germinative

processes

Germination

and growth

Intermediate

state

Added value

Dormancy breaking

Stress tolerance

PGRs

Drying Enhanced

seed product

Restrictions

Time

Temperature

Water potential

Low oxygen

Phase II

Seed Priming

Keting Chen, Iowa State Horticulture From Harris Moran website

Young Rog Yeoung, 1994 Dissertation

Muskmelon priming at different water

potentials and oxygen levels

Germination speed of dried seed

Seed Enhancement

Upgrading

Mechanical refinement

Priming

Coatings and pellets

Pesticide treatments

Beneficial microorganisms

Pelleting for plantability

Film-coats for appearance and slip

Functional coatings

Plant growth regulators

Seed treatment market

• Estimated global seed treatment market for 2016 is $3430.3 million (from $2250 million in 2010).

• Estimated compound annual growth rate from 2011 to 2016 is 13.5%.

Source: Seed Treatment Market Trends and Global

Forecast (2011-2016) - MarketsandMarkets

How Seed Treatment are applied

Source: Seed Treatment and Environment Committee of the ISF

How Seed Treatment are applied

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Examples of film coats and pellets

Bare lettuce seed, film coated (green),

encrusted (pink) and pelleted (white).

Becker Underwood products

Seed pelleting: The original seed enhancement

Small-scale coating and

pelleting machines from

Seed Processing in Holland

Drying step not included

Film-coater

Pelletizer

Functional coatings Intellicoat® Temperature Triggered Coatings

Below 55° Above 55°

Coating is a barrier to

moisture.

Coating is permeable to

moisture.

•Unique polymer technology that regulates

germination of seed

•Functional Coating that responds to changing

soil temperature

•Protects seeds under cold environments Polymer

coated Uncoated

Seed Enhancement Coatings

Landec Seed Treatment Formulations

•Effective binder for fungicides and

insecticides on seed

•Faster drydown for high throughput

application

•Extremely low dust off

Relay Crop

soybeans ®

Early Plant

Corn ®

Pollinator

Plus ®

Plant Growth Regulators Ongoing work at Valent BioSciences

Induction of cold tolerance

Delay of anthesis (via delay of germination)

Dormancy breaking and acceleration of germination

Alteration of plant morphology

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Cold Stress Tolerance Means across inbreds. Dysart, IA delay product trial

Heat unit delay Final stand

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Cut 0.15mg 0.30mg 0.60mg 0.80mg

Dela

y a

t an

thesis

(G

DD

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

UTC Cut 0.15mg 0.30mg 0.60mg 0.80mg

Fin

al sta

nd

(%

)

Num Den Effect DF DF F Value Pr > F Treatment 5 476 420.55 <.0001 Inbred*Trt 42 112 14.54 <.0001

Num Den Effect DF DF F Value Pr > F Inbred 7 24 29.69 <.0001 Treatment 5 490 80.97 <.0001 Inbred*Trt 35 490 8.74 <.0001

Cut 1X 2X 4X 5.3X UTC Cut 1X 2X 4X 5.3X

Relative maturity of female parent

Relative maturity of male parent

Emergence Planting Flowering

Severe risk of yield loss and genetic

contamination

Problem: Male and female parents may not flower simultaneously since

the environment is unpredictable Female emergence

distribution

Male emergence

distribution

Planting 1 Flowering

Conventional solution: Split planting of male parent produces elongated pollen

shed distribution

Planting 2

Emergence distribution 2

Emergence distribution 1 Net shed distribution

Time

Inbred delay product: Timing in hybrid seed production

Seed Science Center

Untreated Treated

Untreated Treated

Anthesis delay produced by new seed treatment via delay in germination

Seed Science Center

Product name: Stamina F3 HL

Company: BASF

Active ingredient(s):

Pyraclostrobin (Headline), triticonazole, metalaxyl

Pest(s) controlled:

Diseases

Seed Science Center

Benefits beside pathogen control: - Enhanced root diameter/root volume

3.1 b

4.3 a

0

5

Avera

ge D

iam

ete

r (m

m)

7 DAP

Base ST

Base ST +

pyraclostrobin

(5 gai/100 kg)

Growth Chamber Experiment Var: Granger, 7 DAP, rolled paper towel Temperature regime: 4°C for 4 hours 12°C for 16 hours 19°C for 4 hours Measured with WinRhizo Scanalyzer (10 seedlings/treatment)

14 b

27 a

10

20

30

Ro

ot

Vo

lum

e (

mm

3)

7 DAPPr > F = 0.029 Pr > F = 0.038

Base ST Base ST + pyraclostrobin

Greater Root Diameter and Root Volume with Pyraclostrobin

Root Diameter Root Volume

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0

20

40

60

80

100

% I

nju

red

tis

su

e

Standard Standard +

63 b

LESS % OF INJURED TISSUE from STAMINA - treated seeds under cold / light freezing conditions. FIELD STUDY – Beaver Crossing, NEBRASKA, Fall 2007

Field Study, Beaber Creek, Nebraska, 2007

Cold conditions 30-32° F prior to evaluation.

Treatment including Stamina significantly different from the check (p= 0.05)

98 a

Benefits beside pathogen control: - Mitigate abiotic stress risks: Sensitivity to cold temperatures

Artificial seeds

• A method for the encapsulation of

somatic embryos.

• Cell culture and regeneration

techniques allow the mass production

of somatic embryos.

• Used to generate genetically identical

seedlings of poplar, orchids and other

species.

Artificial or synthetic seeds

• Somatic embryos are produced

asexually from vegetative tissue

(callus).

• Genetically identical seedlings

(clones).

• Must be encapsulated to protect from

desiccation and pathogens.

Artificial or synthetic seeds

Artificial or synthetic seeds: A method for the

encapsulation of somatic embryos

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• Non uniform embryos due to multiple

stages of development.

• Easy to generate roots but not

shoots.

• Some of the chemical used to induce

synchronization of embryo

development (ABA) can cause

dehydration .

Artificial seeds - Challenges